περισσός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

περῐττός (perĭttós) — Attic

Etymology

From περῐ- (perĭ-, “above, beyond”).^[1] This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Adjective

περῐσσός • (perĭssós) m (feminine περῐσσή, neuter περῐσσόν); first/second declension

prodigious (beyond the regular number or size)
- c. 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 399
1. extraordinary; unusual; uncommon; remarkable; strange
  - 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 769
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus Rex 841
  - 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 1197
  - 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 791
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 437
  - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Second Tetralogy 4.5
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panathenaicus 77
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Antidosis 145
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1141B.6
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1312A.27
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1053B.3
  - 70 CE – 90 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 5:47
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 531A.9
  - c. 200 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 13.611C
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1265A.11
  - 341 BCE – 270 BCE, Epicurus, Fragments 409
  - 213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 40.2
  - 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Letter to Pompey 2
  - 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, On Demosthenes 56
2. (of persons) extraordinary; eminent; remarkable
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 948
  - 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 788
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 983A.2
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 760A.4
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 953A.10
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1267B.24
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 622B.6
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Demetrius 2
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Demosthenes 3
  - Alciphron, Collected Works 1.12
  - 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, The Arrangement of Words 18
3. (with genitive) beyond others in
  - c. 420 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 155
  - Palatine Anthology 6.321
  - 70 CE – 90 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 11:9
spare; surplus; reserve (more than sufficient)
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.6.6
- c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.6.31
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 20.1
- c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.2.21
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hiero 1.19
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hipparchicus 8.14
- c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.6.12
- c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.8.11
- c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.3.13
- 55 CE – 57 CE, Epistle to the Romans 3:1
- 100 CE – 200 CE, Xenophon of Ephesus, Ephesian Tale 1.3
1. useless; superfluous; redundant
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 385
  - c. 445 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 758
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 82
  - 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 1048
  - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 819
  - 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 459
2. excessive; extravagant
  - 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.32
  - c. 450 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 617
  - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 68
  - 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 924
  - 375 BCE, Plato, The Republic 407B
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 645C
  - 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Plato, Axiochus 365C
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.615D
  - 55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 2:7
3. (of persons) overwise; too clever by half (too intelligent for their own good)
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 445
  - 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 9.1.4
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cicero 8
  - 346 BCE, Aeschines, Against Timarchus 119
4. (as a term of praise) subtle; acute; sharp
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 141B.13
(arithmetic) odd
- 540 BCE – 450 BCE, Epicharmus, Collected Works 170.7
- 470 BCE – 385 BCE, Philolaus, Collected Works 5
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 356E
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Aphorisms 4.61
- 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 451C
- AD 2nd century, Hephaestion, Ἐγχειρίδιον περὶ μέτρων 5.1
- 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 7
Synonyms: ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρτῐος (ănắrtĭos), σκᾰληνός (skălēnós)

Antonyms: ᾰ̓́ρτῐος (ắrtĭos), ῐ̓σοσκελής (ĭsoskelḗs)

Declension

First and second declension of περῐσσός; περῐσσή; περῐσσόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	περῐσσός perĭssós	περῐσσή perĭssḗ	περῐσσόν perĭssón	περῐσσώ perĭssṓ	περῐσσᾱ́ perĭssā́	περῐσσώ perĭssṓ	περῐσσοί perĭssoí	περῐσσαί perĭssaí	περῐσσᾰ́ perĭssắ
Genitive	περῐσσοῦ perĭssoû	περῐσσῆς perĭssês	περῐσσοῦ perĭssoû	περῐσσοῖν perĭssoîn	περῐσσαῖν perĭssaîn	περῐσσοῖν perĭssoîn	περῐσσῶν perĭssôn	περῐσσῶν perĭssôn	περῐσσῶν perĭssôn
Dative	περῐσσῷ perĭssōî	περῐσσῇ perĭssēî	περῐσσῷ perĭssōî	περῐσσοῖν perĭssoîn	περῐσσαῖν perĭssaîn	περῐσσοῖν perĭssoîn	περῐσσοῖς perĭssoîs	περῐσσαῖς perĭssaîs	περῐσσοῖς perĭssoîs
Accusative	περῐσσόν perĭssón	περῐσσήν perĭssḗn	περῐσσόν perĭssón	περῐσσώ perĭssṓ	περῐσσᾱ́ perĭssā́	περῐσσώ perĭssṓ	περῐσσούς perĭssoús	περῐσσᾱ́ς perĭssā́s	περῐσσᾰ́ perĭssắ
Vocative	περῐσσέ perĭssé	περῐσσή perĭssḗ	περῐσσόν perĭssón	περῐσσώ perĭssṓ	περῐσσᾱ́ perĭssā́	περῐσσώ perĭssṓ	περῐσσοί perĭssoí	περῐσσαί perĭssaí	περῐσσᾰ́ perĭssắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	περῐσσῶς περῐσσᾰ́ perĭssôs perĭssắ			περῐσσότερος perĭssóteros			περῐσσότᾰτος perĭssótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→⇒ New Latin: perisso-
- →⇒ Translingual: Perissodactyla
→ Translingual: Perissus

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “περί (> DER > περι-σσός, -ττός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1176

“περισσός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“περισσός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
περισσός in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“περισσός”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G4053 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ample idem, page 28.
- bloated idem, page 84.
- disproportionate idem, page 238.
- exaggerated idem, page 287.
- excessive idem, page 288.
- exorbitant idem, page 292.
- extortionate idem, page 297.
- extraordinary idem, page 297.
- extravagant idem, page 297.
- exuberant idem, page 298.
- fulsome idem, page 349.
- immoderate idem, page 418.
- inordinate idem, page 443.
- intemperate idem, page 448.
- lavish idem, page 479.
- much idem, page 545.
- needless idem, page 554.
- odd idem, page 569.
- outrageous idem, page 583.
- overmuch idem, page 585.
- overweening idem, page 587.
- overwhelming idem, page 587.
- prodigal idem, page 644.
- prohibitive idem, page 653.
- redundant idem, page 684.
- spare idem, page 798.
- strange idem, page 823.
- superabundant idem, page 838.
- superfluous idem, page 839.
- supernumerary idem, page 839.
- surplus idem, page 844.
- sweeping idem, page 847.
- undue idem, page 915.
- uneven idem, page 916.
- unnecessary idem, page 926.
- unsparing idem, page 932.
- waste idem, page 965.
- wasteful idem, page 965.
περισσός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “περί (> DER > περι-σσός, -ττός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1176

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