μολύνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Denominative in -ύνω (-únō), like παλύνω (palúnō, to bestrew, besprinkle) and φορύνω (phorúnō, to be mingled), from an unattested base form. Schmidt connects it with Lithuanian mulvė (mud, mire) and the factitive verb mulvinti (to cover with mire). In order to combine the root vocalism with that of Lithuanian, he assumes *μαλύνω (*malúnō), and assimilation *α>ο before υ in the following syllable.

Numerous words for “dark, dirty color” and “dirt, defilement” are assembled under Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-. According to Beekes[1] only Sanskrit मल (mala, dirt, filth, dust) is of interest here, with a derivative मलवत् (malavat, filthy, dirty), which formally matches the hydronym Μολόεις (Molóeis). Both the hydronym and this verb may have been built on older *μόλος (*mólos, dirt), which would correspond to the Sanskrit word. Alternatively, Furnée compares φολύνει (pholúnei, to stain, defile), which could point to a Pre-Greek word. See also μέλας (mélas, black).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

μολύνω • (molúnō)

  1. to stain, sully, defile
    Synonym: μορῠ́σσω (morŭ́ssō)
  2. to pollute
  3. to stain, dye
  4. (passive voice) to become vile, disgrace oneself

Conjugation

Derived terms

  • ἀνᾰμολῠ́νω (anămolŭ́nō)
  • μόλῠνσῐς (mólŭnsĭs)
  • μολῠντός (molŭntós)
  • μόλῠσμᾰ (mólŭsmă)
  • μολῠσμός (molŭsmós)
  • σῠμμολῠ́νω (sŭmmolŭ́nō)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μολύνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 965

Further reading