λαγαίω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Disputed. Possibly related to Ancient Greek λᾰγγᾰ́ζω (lăngắzō) and perhaps to the Hesychian gloss λαγάσσαι (lagássai)

  • The linguist Lucien van Beek argues that the term was probably modeled after the aorist form, which itself—according to van Beek—may have derived from the remodeling of a thematic aorist *λαγεῖν (*lageîn) by the analogy of terms such as χαλάσαι (khalásai). Van Beek suggests that this thematic aorist was inherited from an older root aorist that itself originated from an older root aorist Proto-Indo-European *sl̥g-. According to this theory, the term derives from Proto-Indo-European *selǵ-.
  • The term may be derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leg-. Beekes suggests that the term is likely an innovation formed from a term *λαγος (*lagos), itself from Proto-Indo-European *slago-, whence also Old Norse slakr. However, argues that these connections would entail a reconstruction *slh₂g-, which—according to Beekes—would produce *λᾱγ- (*lāg-), not *λαγ- (*lag-). Beekes suggests that this discrepancy allows for the possibility of Pre-Greek or other substrate origin. See also λᾰγᾰρός (lăgărós, “hollow, slack”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

λᾰγαίω • (lăgaíō)

  1. to release, let go, free
    • c. 5th century BCE, Gortyn code, published in Inscriptiones Creticae 4.72:
      αἰ [δέ] κα με̄̀ [λαγ]άσει, καταδικαδδέτο̄ το̄̑μὲν ἐλευθέρο̄ στατε̑̄ρα, το͂ δο̄́λο̄ [δα]ρκνὰν τᾶς ἀμέρας ϝεκάστας, πρίν κα λαγάσει· το͂ δὲ κρόνο̄ τὸν δι[κ]αστὰν ὀμνύντα κρίνεν
      ai [dé] ka mḕ [lag]ásei, katadikaddétō tō̑mèn eleuthérō statȇ̄ra, tô dṓlō [da]rknàn tâs améras wekástas, prín ka lagásei; tô dè krónō tòn di[k]astàn omnúnta krínen
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

The forms λαγάσει (lagásei) and λαγάσαι (lagásai) have also been assigned to a lemma form *λαγαζω (*lagazō). Regardless, the attested infinitive form λαγαίεν (lagaíen) suggests the existence of a lemma form λαγαίω (lagaíō).

Conjugation

   Present: λαγαίω, λαγαίομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative λαγαίω λαγαίεις λαγαίει λαγαίετον λαγαίετον λαγαίομεν λαγαίετε λαγαίουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive λαγαίω λαγαίῃς λαγαίῃ λαγαίητον λαγαίητον λαγαίωμεν λαγαίητε λαγαίωσῐ(ν)
optative λαγαίοιμῐ λαγαίοις λαγαίοι λαγαίοιτον λαγαιοίτην λαγαίοιμεν λαγαίοιτε λαγαίοιεν
imperative   λάγαιε λαγαιέτω λαγαίετον λαγαιέτων   λαγαίετε λαγαιόντων
middle/passive indicative λαγαίομαι λαγαίῃ,
λαγαίει 		λαγαίεται λαγαίεσθον λαγαίεσθον λαγαιόμεθᾰ λαγαίεσθε λαγαίονται
subjunctive λαγαίωμαι λαγαίῃ λαγαίηται λαγαίησθον λαγαίησθον λαγαιώμεθᾰ λαγαίησθε λαγαίωνται
optative λαγαιοίμην λαγαίοιο λαγαίοιτο λαγαίοισθον λαγαιοίσθην λαγαιοίμεθᾰ λαγαίοισθε λαγαίοιντο
imperative   λαγαίου λαγαιέσθω λαγαίεσθον λαγαιέσθων   λαγαίεσθε λαγαιέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive λαγαίειν λαγαίεσθαι
participle m λαγαίων λαγαιόμενος
f λαγαίουσᾰ λαγαιομένη
n λαγαῖον λαγαιόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐλάγαιον, ἐλαγαιόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐλάγαιον ἐλάγαιες ἐλάγαιε(ν) ἐλαγαίετον ἐλαγαιέτην ἐλαγαίομεν ἐλαγαίετε ἐλάγαιον
middle/passive indicative ἐλαγαιόμην ἐλαγαίου ἐλαγαίετο ἐλαγαίεσθον ἐλαγαιέσθην ἐλαγαιόμεθᾰ ἐλαγαίεσθε ἐλαγαίοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐλάγασᾰ, ἐλαγασᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐλάγασᾰ ἐλάγασᾰς ἐλάγασε(ν) ἐλαγάσᾰτον ἐλαγασᾰ́την ἐλαγάσᾰμεν ἐλαγάσᾰτε ἐλάγασᾰν
subjunctive λαγάσω λαγάσῃς λαγάσῃ λαγάσητον λαγάσητον λαγάσωμεν λαγάσητε λαγάσωσῐ(ν)
optative λαγάσαιμῐ λαγάσειᾰς,
λαγάσαις 		λαγάσειε(ν),
λαγάσαι 		λαγάσαιτον λαγασαίτην λαγάσαιμεν λαγάσαιτε λαγάσειᾰν,
λαγάσαιεν
imperative   λάγασον λαγασᾰ́τω λαγάσᾰτον λαγασᾰ́των   λαγάσᾰτε λαγασᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐλαγασᾰ́μην ἐλαγάσω ἐλαγάσᾰτο ἐλαγάσᾰσθον ἐλαγασᾰ́σθην ἐλαγασᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐλαγάσᾰσθε ἐλαγάσᾰντο
subjunctive λαγάσωμαι λαγάσῃ λαγάσηται λαγάσησθον λαγάσησθον λαγασώμεθᾰ λαγάσησθε λαγάσωνται
optative λαγασαίμην λαγάσαιο λαγάσαιτο λαγάσαισθον λαγασαίσθην λαγασαίμεθᾰ λαγάσαισθε λαγάσαιντο
imperative   λάγασαι λαγασᾰ́σθω λαγάσᾰσθον λαγασᾰ́σθων   λαγάσᾰσθε λαγασᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive λαγᾶσαι λαγάσᾰσθαι
participle m λαγάσᾱς λαγασᾰ́μενος
f λαγάσᾱσᾰ λαγασᾰμένη
n λαγᾶσᾰν λαγασᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • ἀπολαγαίω (apolagaíō)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “λαγαίω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 819-820

Further reading

  • “λαγαίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • λαγαίω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
  • Helen M. Searles (1890), “A Lexicographical Study of Greek Inscriptions”, in Studies in Classical Philology‎[1], The University of Chicago Press, page 61
  • Lucien van Beek (2018), “Ἄτλας ἀστεμφής: Traces of local particles in Greek compounds and the origins of intensive alpha”, in Glotta‎[2], volume 94, →ISSN, pages 38–81
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 529
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