κρέκω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to strike, beat”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kresati (“to strike fire”), Lithuanian krešė́ti (“to clot”), and perhaps Proto-Germanic *hragilą (“garment”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kré.kɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkre.ko/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkre.ko/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkre.ko/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkre.ko/
Verb
κρέκω • (krékō)
- to weave
- c. 415 BCE, Euripides, Electra 541-544:
- οὐκ οἶσθʼ, Ὀρέστης ἡνίκʼ ἐκπίπτει χθονός, νέαν μʼ ἔτʼ οὖσαν; εἰ δὲ κἄκρεκον πέπλους, πῶς ἂν τότʼ ὢν παῖς ταὐτὰ νῦν ἔχοι φάρη, εἰ μὴ ξυναύξοινθʼ οἱ πέπλοι τῷ σώματι
- ouk oîsth’, Oréstēs hēník’ ekpíptei khthonós, néan m’ ét’ oûsan? ei dè kákrekon péplous, pôs àn tót’ ṑn paîs tautà nûn ékhoi phárē, ei mḕ xunaúxointh’ hoi péploi tōî sṓmati
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- οὐκ οἶσθʼ, Ὀρέστης ἡνίκʼ ἐκπίπτει χθονός, νέαν μʼ ἔτʼ οὖσαν; εἰ δὲ κἄκρεκον πέπλους, πῶς ἂν τότʼ ὢν παῖς ταὐτὰ νῦν ἔχοι φάρη, εἰ μὴ ξυναύξοινθʼ οἱ πέπλοι τῷ σώματι
- (of an instrument) to play
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Birds 682-684:
- ἀλλʼ ὦ καλλιβόαν κρέκουσʼ αὐλὸν φθέγμασιν ἠρινοῖς, ἄρχου τῶν ἀναπαίστων
- all’ ô kallibóan krékous’ aulòn phthégmasin ērinoîs, árkhou tôn anapaístōn
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- ἀλλʼ ὦ καλλιβόαν κρέκουσʼ αὐλὸν φθέγμασιν ἠρινοῖς, ἄρχου τῶν ἀναπαίστων
Conjugation
Present: κρέκω, κρέκομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κρέκω | κρέκεις | κρέκει | κρέκετον | κρέκετον | κρέκομεν | κρέκετε | κρέκουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κρέκω | κρέκῃς | κρέκῃ | κρέκητον | κρέκητον | κρέκωμεν | κρέκητε | κρέκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κρέκοιμῐ | κρέκοις | κρέκοι | κρέκοιτον | κρεκοίτην | κρέκοιμεν | κρέκοιτε | κρέκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κρέκε | κρεκέτω | κρέκετον | κρεκέτων | κρέκετε | κρεκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | κρέκομαι | κρέκῃ, κρέκει |
κρέκεται | κρέκεσθον | κρέκεσθον | κρεκόμεθᾰ | κρέκεσθε | κρέκονται | ||||
| subjunctive | κρέκωμαι | κρέκῃ | κρέκηται | κρέκησθον | κρέκησθον | κρεκώμεθᾰ | κρέκησθε | κρέκωνται | |||||
| optative | κρεκοίμην | κρέκοιο | κρέκοιτο | κρέκοισθον | κρεκοίσθην | κρεκοίμεθᾰ | κρέκοισθε | κρέκοιντο | |||||
| imperative | κρέκου | κρεκέσθω | κρέκεσθον | κρεκέσθων | κρέκεσθε | κρεκέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/ | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κρέκειν | κρέκεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κρέκων | κρεκόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κρέκουσᾰ | κρεκομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κρέκον | κρεκόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔκρεκον, ἐκρεκόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔκρεκον | ἔκρεκες | ἔκρεκε(ν) | ἐκρέκετον | ἐκρεκέτην | ἐκρέκομεν | ἐκρέκετε | ἔκρεκον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐκρεκόμην | ἐκρέκου | ἐκρέκετο | ἐκρέκεσθον | ἐκρεκέσθην | ἐκρεκόμεθᾰ | ἐκρέκεσθε | ἐκρέκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: κρέξω, κρέξομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κρέξω | κρέξεις | κρέξει | κρέξετον | κρέξετον | κρέξομεν | κρέξετε | κρέξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | κρέξοιμῐ | κρέξοις | κρέξοι | κρέξοιτον | κρεξοίτην | κρέξοιμεν | κρέξοιτε | κρέξοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | κρέξομαι | κρέξῃ, κρέξει |
κρέξεται | κρέξεσθον | κρέξεσθον | κρεξόμεθᾰ | κρέξεσθε | κρέξονται | ||||
| optative | κρεξοίμην | κρέξοιο | κρέξοιτο | κρέξοισθον | κρεξοίσθην | κρεξοίμεθᾰ | κρέξοισθε | κρέξοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κρέξειν | κρέξεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κρέξων | κρεξόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κρέξουσᾰ | κρεξομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κρέξον | κρεξόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔκρεξᾰ, ἐκρεξᾰ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔκρεξᾰ | ἔκρεξᾰς | ἔκρεξε(ν) | ἐκρέξᾰτον | ἐκρεξᾰ́την | ἐκρέξᾰμεν | ἐκρέξᾰτε | ἔκρεξᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | κρέξω | κρέξῃς | κρέξῃ | κρέξητον | κρέξητον | κρέξωμεν | κρέξητε | κρέξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κρέξαιμῐ | κρέξειᾰς, κρέξαις |
κρέξειε(ν), κρέξαι |
κρέξαιτον | κρεξαίτην | κρέξαιμεν | κρέξαιτε | κρέξειᾰν, κρέξαιεν | |||||
| imperative | κρέξον | κρεξᾰ́τω | κρέξᾰτον | κρεξᾰ́των | κρέξᾰτε | κρεξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐκρεξᾰ́μην | ἐκρέξω | ἐκρέξᾰτο | ἐκρέξᾰσθον | ἐκρεξᾰ́σθην | ἐκρεξᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκρέξᾰσθε | ἐκρέξᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | κρέξωμαι | κρέξῃ | κρέξηται | κρέξησθον | κρέξησθον | κρεξώμεθᾰ | κρέξησθε | κρέξωνται | |||||
| optative | κρεξαίμην | κρέξαιο | κρέξαιτο | κρέξαισθον | κρεξαίσθην | κρεξαίμεθᾰ | κρέξαισθε | κρέξαιντο | |||||
| imperative | κρέξαι | κρεξᾰ́σθω | κρέξᾰσθον | κρεξᾰ́σθων | κρέξᾰσθε | κρεξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κρέξαι | κρέξᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κρέξᾱς | κρεξᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | κρέξᾱσᾰ | κρεξᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κρέξᾰν | κρεξᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Usage notes
The Aeolic infinitive form κρέκην (krékēn) is attested.
Derived terms
- κρεκτός (krektós)
- κρόκη (krókē)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κρέκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 774
Further reading
- “κρέκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κρέκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κρέκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κρέκω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kreḱ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 368