θύω

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

Etymology 1

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewH- (“to shake, move violently”), though Beekes expresses semantic doubts. Cognate to Sanskrit धूनोति (dhūnóti, “to shake, move to and fro quickly”)[1] and Old Norse dýja (“to shake”).

Alternative forms

  • θυίω (thuíō)
  • θύνω (thúnō)
  • θυνέω (thunéō)

Verb

θύω • (thúō)

  1. to rush in, storm, rage, seethe (in general of violent movements)
Inflection
   Present: θῡ́ω, θῡ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative θῡ́ω θῡ́εις θῡ́ει θῡ́ετον θῡ́ετον θῡ́ομεν θῡ́ετε θῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive θῡ́ω θῡ́ῃς θῡ́ῃ θῡ́ητον θῡ́ητον θῡ́ωμεν θῡ́ητε θῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative θῡ́οιμῐ θῡ́οις θῡ́οι θῡ́οιτον θῡοίτην θῡ́οιμεν θῡ́οιτε θῡ́οιεν
imperative   θῦε θῡέτω θῡ́ετον θῡέτων   θῡ́ετε θῡόντων
middle/passive indicative θῡ́ομαι θῡ́ῃ,
θῡ́ει 		θῡ́εται θῡ́εσθον θῡ́εσθον θῡόμεθᾰ θῡ́εσθε θῡ́ονται
subjunctive θῡ́ωμαι θῡ́ῃ θῡ́ηται θῡ́ησθον θῡ́ησθον θῡώμεθᾰ θῡ́ησθε θῡ́ωνται
optative θῡοίμην θῡ́οιο θῡ́οιτο θῡ́οισθον θῡοίσθην θῡοίμεθᾰ θῡ́οισθε θῡ́οιντο
imperative   θῡ́ου θῡέσθω θῡ́εσθον θῡέσθων   θῡ́εσθε θῡέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive θῡ́ειν θῡ́εσθαι
participle m θῡ́ων θῡόμενος
f θῡ́ουσᾰ θῡομένη
n θῦον θῡόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔθῡον, ἐθῡόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔθῡον ἔθῡες ἔθῡε(ν) ἐθῡ́ετον ἐθῡέτην ἐθῡ́ομεν ἐθῡ́ετε ἔθῡον
middle/passive indicative ἐθῡόμην ἐθῡ́ου ἐθῡ́ετο ἐθῡ́εσθον ἐθῡέσθην ἐθῡόμεθᾰ ἐθῡ́εσθε ἐθῡ́οντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: θῦον, θῡόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative θῦον θῦες θῦε(ν) θῡ́ετον θῡέτην θῡ́ομεν θῡ́ετε θῦον
middle/passive indicative θῡόμην θῡ́εο,
θῡ́ευ 		θῡ́ετο θῡ́εσθον θῡέσθην θῡόμε(σ)θᾰ θῡ́εσθε θῡ́οντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: θῡ́σω, θῡ́σομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative θῡ́σω θῡ́σεις θῡ́σει θῡ́σετον θῡ́σετον θῡ́σομεν θῡ́σετε θῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative θῡ́σοιμῐ θῡ́σοις θῡ́σοι θῡ́σοιτον θῡσοίτην θῡ́σοιμεν θῡ́σοιτε θῡ́σοιεν
middle indicative θῡ́σομαι θῡ́σῃ,
θῡ́σει 		θῡ́σεται θῡ́σεσθον θῡ́σεσθον θῡσόμεθᾰ θῡ́σεσθε θῡ́σονται
optative θῡσοίμην θῡ́σοιο θῡ́σοιτο θῡ́σοισθον θῡσοίσθην θῡσοίμεθᾰ θῡ́σοισθε θῡ́σοιντο
active middle
infinitive θῡ́σειν θῡ́σεσθαι
participle m θῡ́σων θῡσόμενος
f θῡ́σουσᾰ θῡσομένη
n θῦσον θῡσόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔθῡσᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔθῡσᾰ ἔθῡσᾰς ἔθῡσε(ν) ἐθῡ́σᾰτον ἐθῡσᾰ́την ἐθῡ́σᾰμεν ἐθῡ́σᾰτε ἔθῡσᾰν
subjunctive θῡ́σω θῡ́σῃς θῡ́σῃ θῡ́σητον θῡ́σητον θῡ́σωμεν θῡ́σητε θῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative θῡ́σαιμῐ θῡ́σειᾰς,
θῡ́σαις 		θῡ́σειε(ν),
θῡ́σαι 		θῡ́σαιτον θῡσαίτην θῡ́σαιμεν θῡ́σαιτε θῡ́σειᾰν,
θῡ́σαιεν
imperative   θῦσον θῡσᾰ́τω θῡ́σᾰτον θῡσᾰ́των   θῡ́σᾰτε θῡσᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive θῦσαι
participle m θῡ́σᾱς
f θῡ́σᾱσᾰ
n θῦσᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “θῡ́ω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567

Further reading

Etymology 2

Unclear, but may be related to θῡμός (thūmós), Latin suffiō, Hittite [script needed] (tuhhae, “pant, sigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to fume; smoke, vapor, breath”). The wide variety of semantic shifts presumed in descendants of Indo-European roots with the shape *dʰewH- makes analysis difficult, as Beekes notes.[1] Alternatively, from *dʰews- (“to breathe; breath, spirit, living being”).

Verb

θῡ́ω • (thū́ō)

  1. to offer in sacrifice, slay, burn, immolate
  2. to kill, slaughter (in a general sense)
  3. (middle voice) to cause to be sacrificed
  4. to consult (of oracles, prophets, etc)
  5. to celebrate
Inflection
   Present: θῡ́ω, θῡ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative θῡ́ω θῡ́εις θῡ́ει θῡ́ετον θῡ́ετον θῡ́ομεν θῡ́ετε θῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive θῡ́ω θῡ́ῃς θῡ́ῃ θῡ́ητον θῡ́ητον θῡ́ωμεν θῡ́ητε θῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative θῡ́οιμῐ θῡ́οις θῡ́οι θῡ́οιτον θῡοίτην θῡ́οιμεν θῡ́οιτε θῡ́οιεν
imperative   θῦε θῡέτω θῡ́ετον θῡέτων   θῡ́ετε θῡόντων
middle/passive indicative θῡ́ομαι θῡ́ῃ,
θῡ́ει 		θῡ́εται θῡ́εσθον θῡ́εσθον θῡόμεθᾰ θῡ́εσθε θῡ́ονται
subjunctive θῡ́ωμαι θῡ́ῃ θῡ́ηται θῡ́ησθον θῡ́ησθον θῡώμεθᾰ θῡ́ησθε θῡ́ωνται
optative θῡοίμην θῡ́οιο θῡ́οιτο θῡ́οισθον θῡοίσθην θῡοίμεθᾰ θῡ́οισθε θῡ́οιντο
imperative   θῡ́ου θῡέσθω θῡ́εσθον θῡέσθων   θῡ́εσθε θῡέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive θῡ́ειν θῡ́εσθαι
participle m θῡ́ων θῡόμενος
f θῡ́ουσᾰ θῡομένη
n θῦον θῡόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔθῡον, ἐθῡόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔθῡον ἔθῡες ἔθῡε(ν) ἐθῡ́ετον ἐθῡέτην ἐθῡ́ομεν ἐθῡ́ετε ἔθῡον
middle/passive indicative ἐθῡόμην ἐθῡ́ου ἐθῡ́ετο ἐθῡ́εσθον ἐθῡέσθην ἐθῡόμεθᾰ ἐθῡ́εσθε ἐθῡ́οντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: θῡ́σω, θῡ́σομαι, τῠθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative θῡ́σω θῡ́σεις θῡ́σει θῡ́σετον θῡ́σετον θῡ́σομεν θῡ́σετε θῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative θῡ́σοιμῐ θῡ́σοις θῡ́σοι θῡ́σοιτον θῡσοίτην θῡ́σοιμεν θῡ́σοιτε θῡ́σοιεν
middle indicative θῡ́σομαι θῡ́σῃ,
θῡ́σει 		θῡ́σεται θῡ́σεσθον θῡ́σεσθον θῡσόμεθᾰ θῡ́σεσθε θῡ́σονται
optative θῡσοίμην θῡ́σοιο θῡ́σοιτο θῡ́σοισθον θῡσοίσθην θῡσοίμεθᾰ θῡ́σοισθε θῡ́σοιντο
passive indicative τῠθήσομαι τῠθήσῃ,
τῠθήσει 		τῠθήσεται τῠθήσεσθον τῠθήσεσθον τῠθησόμεθᾰ τῠθήσεσθε τῠθήσονται
optative τῠθησοίμην τῠθήσοιο τῠθήσοιτο τῠθήσοισθον τῠθησοίσθην τῠθησοίμεθᾰ τῠθήσοισθε τῠθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive θῡ́σειν θῡ́σεσθαι τῠθήσεσθαι
participle m θῡ́σων θῡσόμενος τῠθησόμενος
f θῡ́σουσᾰ θῡσομένη τῠθησομένη
n θῦσον θῡσόμενον τῠθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔθῡσᾰ, ἐθῡσᾰ́μην, ἐτῡ́θην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔθῡσᾰ ἔθῡσᾰς ἔθῡσε(ν) ἐθῡ́σᾰτον ἐθῡσᾰ́την ἐθῡ́σᾰμεν ἐθῡ́σᾰτε ἔθῡσᾰν
subjunctive θῡ́σω θῡ́σῃς θῡ́σῃ θῡ́σητον θῡ́σητον θῡ́σωμεν θῡ́σητε θῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative θῡ́σαιμῐ θῡ́σειᾰς,
θῡ́σαις 		θῡ́σειε(ν),
θῡ́σαι 		θῡ́σαιτον θῡσαίτην θῡ́σαιμεν θῡ́σαιτε θῡ́σειᾰν,
θῡ́σαιεν
imperative   θῦσον θῡσᾰ́τω θῡ́σᾰτον θῡσᾰ́των   θῡ́σᾰτε θῡσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐθῡσᾰ́μην ἐθῡ́σω ἐθῡ́σᾰτο ἐθῡ́σᾰσθον ἐθῡσᾰ́σθην ἐθῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐθῡ́σᾰσθε ἐθῡ́σᾰντο
subjunctive θῡ́σωμαι θῡ́σῃ θῡ́σηται θῡ́σησθον θῡ́σησθον θῡσώμεθᾰ θῡ́σησθε θῡ́σωνται
optative θῡσαίμην θῡ́σαιο θῡ́σαιτο θῡ́σαισθον θῡσαίσθην θῡσαίμεθᾰ θῡ́σαισθε θῡ́σαιντο
imperative   θῦσαι θῡσᾰ́σθω θῡ́σᾰσθον θῡσᾰ́σθων   θῡ́σᾰσθε θῡσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐτῡ́θην ἐτῡ́θης ἐτῡ́θη ἐτῡ́θητον ἐτῡθήτην ἐτῡ́θημεν ἐτῡ́θητε ἐτῡ́θησᾰν
subjunctive τῡθῶ τῡθῇς τῡθῇ τῡθῆτον τῡθῆτον τῡθῶμεν τῡθῆτε τῡθῶσῐ(ν)
optative τῡθείην τῡθείης τῡθείη τῡθεῖτον,
τῡθείητον 		τῡθείτην,
τῡθειήτην 		τῡθεῖμεν,
τῡθείημεν 		τῡθεῖτε,
τῡθείητε 		τῡθεῖεν,
τῡθείησᾰν
imperative   τῡ́θητῐ τῡθήτω τῡ́θητον τῡθήτων   τῡ́θητε τῡθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive θῦσαι θῡ́σᾰσθαι τῡθῆναι
participle m θῡ́σᾱς θῡσᾰ́μενος τῡθείς
f θῡ́σᾱσᾰ θῡσᾰμένη τῡθεῖσᾰ
n θῦσᾰν θῡσᾰ́μενον τῡθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: τέθῠκᾰ, τέθῠμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τέθῠκᾰ τέθῠκᾰς τέθῠκε(ν) τεθῠ́κᾰτον τεθῠ́κᾰτον τεθῠ́κᾰμεν τεθῠ́κᾰτε τεθῠ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive τεθῠ́κω τεθῠ́κῃς τεθῠ́κῃ τεθῠ́κητον τεθῠ́κητον τεθῠ́κωμεν τεθῠ́κητε τεθῠ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative τεθῠ́κοιμῐ,
τεθῠκοίην 		τεθῠ́κοις,
τεθῠκοίης 		τεθῠ́κοι,
τεθῠκοίη 		τεθῠ́κοιτον τεθῠκοίτην τεθῠ́κοιμεν τεθῠ́κοιτε τεθῠ́κοιεν
imperative   τέθῠκε τεθῠκέτω τεθῠ́κετον τεθῠκέτων   τεθῠ́κετε τεθῠκόντων
middle/passive indicative τέθῠμαι τέθῠσαι τέθῠται τέθῠσθον τέθῠσθον τεθῠ́μεθᾰ τέθῠσθε τέθῠνται
subjunctive τεθῠμένος ὦ τεθῠμένος ᾖς τεθῠμένος ᾖ τεθῠμένω ἦτον τεθῠμένω ἦτον τεθῠμένοι ὦμεν τεθῠμένοι ἦτε τεθῠμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative τεθῠμένος εἴην τεθῠμένος εἴης τεθῠμένος εἴη τεθῠμένω εἴητον,
εἶτον 		τεθῠμένω εἰήτην,
εἴτην 		τεθῠμένοι εἴημεν,
εἶμεν 		τεθῠμένοι εἴητε,
εἶτε 		τεθῠμένοι εἴησᾰν,
εἶεν
imperative   τέθῠσο τεθῠ́σθω τέθῠσθον τεθῠ́σθων   τέθῠσθε τεθῠ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive τεθῠκέναι τεθῠ́σθαι
participle m τεθῠκώς τεθῠμένος
f τεθῠκυῖᾰ τεθῠμένη
n τεθῠκός τεθῠμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐτεθῠ́κειν, ἐτεθῠ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐτεθῠ́κειν,
ἐτεθῠ́κη 		ἐτεθῠ́κεις,
ἐτεθῠ́κης 		ἐτεθῠ́κει(ν) ἐτεθῠ́κετον ἐτεθῠκέτην ἐτεθῠ́κεμεν ἐτεθῠ́κετε ἐτεθῠ́κεσᾰν
middle/passive indicative ἐτεθῠ́μην ἐτέθῠσο ἐτέθῠτο ἐτέθῠσθον ἐτεθῠ́σθην ἐτεθῠ́μεθᾰ ἐτέθῠσθε ἐτέθῠντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “θῡ́ω 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567

Further reading

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