εὕδω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unknown. There are several unconvincing suggestions:^[1]

The first links the word to Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃 (sutis, “mild, tolerable”), and further to Latin sūdus (“bright, clear”).
The second one derives the word from a Proto-Indo-European *sew-d, which would hypothetically be related to *swep- (“to sleep”) (whence ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”) and Sanskrit स्वपिति (svápiti, “to sleep, slumber”)) via a schwebeablaut and a *-d- rather than a *-p- extension; this is phonetically audacious.
The third suggestion connects the word to Old English swodrian (“to sleep tight”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hěu̯.dɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)ew.do/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈeβ.ðo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈev.ðo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈev.ðo/

Verb

εὕδω • (heúdō)

to sleep
Synonyms: δαρθάνω (darthánō), καθεύδω (katheúdō), κνώσσω (knṓssō), κοιμάομαι (koimáomai)

Inflection

Present: εὕδω, εὕδομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	εὕδω	εὕδεις	εὕδει	εὕδετον	εὕδετον	εὕδομεν	εὕδετε	εὕδουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	εὕδω	εὕδῃς	εὕδῃ	εὕδητον	εὕδητον	εὕδωμεν	εὕδητε	εὕδωσῐ(ν)
	optative	εὕδοιμῐ	εὕδοις	εὕδοι	εὕδοιτον	εὑδοίτην	εὕδοιμεν	εὕδοιτε	εὕδοιεν
	imperative		εὗδε	εὑδέτω	εὕδετον	εὑδέτων		εὕδετε	εὑδόντων
middle/passive	indicative	εὕδομαι	εὕδῃ, εὕδει	εὕδεται	εὕδεσθον	εὕδεσθον	εὑδόμεθᾰ	εὕδεσθε	εὕδονται
	subjunctive	εὕδωμαι	εὕδῃ	εὕδηται	εὕδησθον	εὕδησθον	εὑδώμεθᾰ	εὕδησθε	εὕδωνται
	optative	εὑδοίμην	εὕδοιο	εὕδοιτο	εὕδοισθον	εὑδοίσθην	εὑδοίμεθᾰ	εὕδοισθε	εὕδοιντο
	imperative		εὕδου	εὑδέσθω	εὕδεσθον	εὑδέσθων		εὕδεσθε	εὑδέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		εὕδειν				εὕδεσθαι
participle	m	εὕδων				εὑδόμενος
	f	εὕδουσᾰ				εὑδομένη
	n	εὗδον				εὑδόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ηὗδον, ηὑδόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ηὗδον	ηὗδες	ηὗδε(ν)	ηὕδετον	ηὑδέτην	ηὕδομεν	ηὕδετε	ηὗδον
middle/passive	indicative	ηὑδόμην	ηὕδου	ηὕδετο	ηὕδεσθον	ηὑδέσθην	ηὑδόμεθᾰ	ηὕδεσθε	ηὕδοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: εὑδήσω, εὑδήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	εὑδήσω	εὑδήσεις	εὑδήσει	εὑδήσετον	εὑδήσετον	εὑδήσομεν	εὑδήσετε	εὑδήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	εὑδήσοιμῐ	εὑδήσοις	εὑδήσοι	εὑδήσοιτον	εὑδησοίτην	εὑδήσοιμεν	εὑδήσοιτε	εὑδήσοιεν
middle	indicative	εὑδήσομαι	εὑδήσῃ, εὑδήσει	εὑδήσεται	εὑδήσεσθον	εὑδήσεσθον	εὑδησόμεθᾰ	εὑδήσεσθε	εὑδήσονται
middle	optative	εὑδησοίμην	εὑδήσοιο	εὑδήσοιτο	εὑδήσοισθον	εὑδησοίσθην	εὑδησοίμεθᾰ	εὑδήσοισθε	εὑδήσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		εὑδήσειν			εὑδήσεσθαι
participle	m	εὑδήσων			εὑδησόμενος
	f	εὑδήσουσᾰ			εὑδησομένη
	n	εὑδῆσον			εὑδησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ηὕδησᾰ, ηὑδησᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ηὕδησᾰ	ηὕδησᾰς	ηὕδησε(ν)	ηὑδήσᾰτον	ηὑδησᾰ́την	ηὑδήσᾰμεν	ηὑδήσᾰτε	ηὕδησᾰν
	subjunctive	εὑδήσω	εὑδήσῃς	εὑδήσῃ	εὑδήσητον	εὑδήσητον	εὑδήσωμεν	εὑδήσητε	εὑδήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	εὑδήσαιμῐ	εὑδήσειᾰς, εὑδήσαις	εὑδήσειε(ν), εὑδήσαι	εὑδήσαιτον	εὑδησαίτην	εὑδήσαιμεν	εὑδήσαιτε	εὑδήσειᾰν, εὑδήσαιεν
	imperative		εὕδησον	εὑδησᾰ́τω	εὑδήσᾰτον	εὑδησᾰ́των		εὑδήσᾰτε	εὑδησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ηὑδησᾰ́μην	ηὑδήσω	ηὑδήσᾰτο	ηὑδήσᾰσθον	ηὑδησᾰ́σθην	ηὑδησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ηὑδήσᾰσθε	ηὑδήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	εὑδήσωμαι	εὑδήσῃ	εὑδήσηται	εὑδήσησθον	εὑδήσησθον	εὑδησώμεθᾰ	εὑδήσησθε	εὑδήσωνται
	optative	εὑδησαίμην	εὑδήσαιο	εὑδήσαιτο	εὑδήσαισθον	εὑδησαίσθην	εὑδησαίμεθᾰ	εὑδήσαισθε	εὑδήσαιντο
	imperative		εὕδησαι	εὑδησᾰ́σθω	εὑδήσᾰσθον	εὑδησᾰ́σθων		εὑδήσᾰσθε	εὑδησᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		εὑδῆσαι			εὑδήσᾰσθαι
participle	m	εὑδήσᾱς			εὑδησᾰ́μενος
	f	εὑδήσᾱσᾰ			εὑδησᾰμένη
	n	εὑδῆσᾰν			εὑδησᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: εὕδησᾰ, εὑδησᾰ́μην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	εὕδησᾰ	εὕδησᾰς	εὕδησε(ν)	εὑδήσᾰτον	εὑδησᾰ́την	εὑδήσᾰμεν	εὑδήσᾰτε	εὕδησᾰν
	subjunctive	εὑδήσω, εὑδήσωμῐ	εὑδήσῃς, εὑδήσῃσθᾰ	εὑδήσῃ, εὑδήσῃσῐ(ν)	εὑδήσητον, εὑδήσετον	εὑδήσητον, εὑδήσετον	εὑδήσωμεν, εὑδήσομεν	εὑδήσητε, εὑδήσετε	εὑδήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	εὑδήσαιμῐ	εὑδήσαις, εὑδήσαισθᾰ, εὑδήσειᾰς	εὑδήσειε(ν), εὑδήσαι	εὑδησεῖτον	εὑδησείτην	εὑδησεῖμεν	εὑδησεῖτε	εὑδησεῖεν
	imperative		εὕδησον	εὑδησᾰ́τω	εὑδήσᾰτον	εὑδησᾰ́των		εὑδήσᾰτε	εὑδησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	εὑδησᾰ́μην	εὑδήσᾰο	εὑδήσᾰτο	εὑδήσᾰσθον	εὑδησᾰ́σθην	εὑδησᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	εὑδήσᾰσθε	εὑδήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	εὑδήσωμαι, εὑδήσομαι	εὑδήσῃ, εὑδήσεαι	εὑδήσηται, εὑδήσεται	εὑδήσησθον	εὑδήσησθον	εὑδησώμε(σ)θᾰ, εὑδησόμε(σ)θᾰ	εὑδήσησθε	εὑδήσωνται
	optative	εὑδησαίμην	εὑδήσαιο	εὑδήσαιτο	εὑδήσαισθον	εὑδησαίσθην	εὑδησαίμε(σ)θᾰ	εὑδήσαισθε	εὑδησαίᾰτο
	imperative		εὕδησαι	εὑδησᾰ́σθω	εὑδήσᾰσθον	εὑδησᾰ́σθων		εὑδήσᾰσθε	εὑδησᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		εὑδῆσαι, εὑδησᾰ́μεν, εὑδησᾰμέναι			εὑδήσᾰσθαι
participle	m	εὑδήσᾱς			εὑδησᾰ́μενος
	f	εὑδήσᾱσᾰ			εὑδησᾰμένη
	n	εὑδῆσᾰν			εὑδησᾰ́μενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἐνεύδω (eneúdō)
καθεύδω (katheúdō)
συνεύδω (suneúdō)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “εὕδω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 478