δύη

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

δύα (dúa) — Doric

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-éh₂,^[1] from *deh₂w- (“to burn”). Beekes suggests a possible semantic development from "burning pain" to "anguish." Nevertheless, Beekes considers this etymology uncertain.^[2] If this proposal is accepted, then the term may be compared to Sanskrit दू (dū, “pain, distress”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dý.ɛː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdy.e̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈðy.i/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈðy.i/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈði.i/

Noun

δῠ́η • (dŭ́ē) f (genitive δῠ́ης); first declension

(poetic) misery, pain, anguish

Inflection

First declension of ἡ δῠ́η; τῆς δῠ́ης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ δῠ́η hē dŭ́ē	τὼ δῠ́ᾱ tṑ dŭ́ā	αἱ δῠ́αι hai dŭ́ai
Genitive	τῆς δῠ́ης tês dŭ́ēs	τοῖν δῠ́αιν toîn dŭ́ain	τῶν δῠῶν tôn dŭôn
Dative	τῇ δῠ́ῃ tēî dŭ́ēi	τοῖν δῠ́αιν toîn dŭ́ain	ταῖς δῠ́αις taîs dŭ́ais
Accusative	τὴν δῠ́ην tḕn dŭ́ēn	τὼ δῠ́ᾱ tṑ dŭ́ā	τᾱ̀ς δῠ́ᾱς tā̀s dŭ́ās
Vocative	δῠ́η dŭ́ē	δῠ́ᾱ dŭ́ā	δῠ́αι dŭ́ai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*tuskjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 528
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δύη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 358

“δύη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“δύη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“δύη”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
δύη in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
δύη in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
δύη in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- anguish idem, page 29.
- distress idem, page 242.
- dolefulness idem, page 246.
- grief idem, page 373.
- heaviness idem, page 393.
- lamentation idem, page 474.
- melancholy idem, page 524.
- misery idem, page 534.
- pain idem, page 588.
- sadness idem, page 730.
- sorrow idem, page 795.
- torment idem, page 881.
- trouble idem, page 897.
- unhappiness idem, page 920.

[EDPG-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*tuskjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 528

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δύη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 358

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[2]