γόνυ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *gónu (“knee”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“knee”).[1] Cognates include Sanskrit जानु॑ (jā́nu), Latin genu, Old Armenian ծունգք (cungkʻ), Gothic 𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌿 (kniu), and Old English cnēow (English knee).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡó.ny/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡo.ny/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɣo.ny/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈɣo.ny/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈɣo.ni/
Noun
γόνῠ • (gónŭ) n (genitive γόνᾰτος); third declension
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ γόνῠ tò gónŭ |
τὼ γόνᾰτε tṑ gónăte |
τᾰ̀ γόνᾰτᾰ tằ gónătă | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ γόνᾰτος toû gónătos |
τοῖν γονᾰ́τοιν toîn gonắtoin |
τῶν γονᾰ́των tôn gonắtōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ γόνᾰτῐ tōî gónătĭ |
τοῖν γονᾰ́τοιν toîn gonắtoin |
τοῖς γόνᾰσῐ / γόνᾰσῐν toîs gónăsĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ γόνῠ tò gónŭ |
τὼ γόνᾰτε tṑ gónăte |
τᾰ̀ γόνᾰτᾰ tằ gónătă | ||||||||||
| Vocative | γόνῠ gónŭ |
γόνᾰτε gónăte |
γόνᾰτᾰ gónătă | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | γόνῠ gónŭ |
γοῦνε / γούνᾰτε goûne / goúnăte |
γοῦνᾰ / γούνᾰτᾰ goûnă / goúnătă | ||||||||||
| Genitive | γουνός / γούνᾰτος gounós / goúnătos |
γουνοῖῐ̈ν / γουνᾰ́τοιῐ̈ν gounoîĭ̈n / gounắtoiĭ̈n |
γούνων / γουνᾰ́των goúnōn / gounắtōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | γουνῐ́ / γούνᾰτῐ gounĭ́ / goúnătĭ |
γουνοῖῐ̈ν / γουνᾰ́τοιῐ̈ν gounoîĭ̈n / gounắtoiĭ̈n |
γούνᾰσῐ / γούνᾰσῐν / γούνεσσῐ / γούνεσσῐν / γουνᾰ́τεσσῐ / γουνᾰ́τεσσῐν goúnăsĭ(n) / goúnessĭ(n) / gounắtessĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | γόνῠ gónŭ |
γοῦνε / γούνᾰτε goûne / goúnăte |
γοῦνᾰ / γούνᾰτᾰ goûnă / goúnătă | ||||||||||
| Vocative | γόνῠ gónŭ |
γοῦνε / γούνᾰτε goûne / goúnăte |
γοῦνᾰ / γούνᾰτᾰ goûnă / goúnătă | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ γόνῠ tò gónŭ |
τὼ γούνᾰτε tṑ goúnăte |
τᾰ̀ γούνᾰτᾰ tằ goúnătă | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ γούνᾰτος toû goúnătos |
τοῖν γουνᾰ́τοιν toîn gounắtoin |
τῶν γουνᾰ́των tôn gounắtōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ γούνᾰτῐ tōî goúnătĭ |
τοῖν γουνᾰ́τοιν toîn gounắtoin |
τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν γούνᾰσῐ / γούνᾰσῐν / γούνᾰσσῐ / γούνᾰσσῐν toîsĭ(n) goúnăsĭ(n) / goúnăssĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ γόνῠ tò gónŭ |
τὼ γούνᾰτε tṑ goúnăte |
τᾰ̀ γούνᾰτᾰ tằ goúnătă | ||||||||||
| Vocative | γόνῠ gónŭ |
γούνᾰτε goúnăte |
γούνᾰτᾰ goúnătă | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
- Aeolic: plural (nom, acc, voc): γόνα (góna), plural genitive: γόνων (gónōn)
Derived terms
- γονῠαλγής (gonŭalgḗs)
- γονῠκαμψεπίκυρτος (gonŭkampsepíkurtos)
- γονῠκαυσαγρύπνα (gonŭkausagrúpna)
- γονῠκλινέω (gonŭklinéō)
- γονῠκλινής (gonŭklinḗs)
- γονῠκλιτέω (gonŭklitéō)
- γονύκροτος (gonúkrotos)
- γονῠπετέω (gonŭpetéō)
- γονῠπετής (gonŭpetḗs)
- γονῠπλήξ (gonŭplḗx)
- ἐπῐγονᾰτῐ́ς (epĭgonătĭ́s)
Related terms
- γνῠ́ξ (gnŭ́x)
Descendants
- Greek: γόνατο (gónato)
- Translingual: → Gonatus, ⇒ Gonystylus
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γόνυ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 283
Further reading
- “γόνυ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γόνυ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “γόνυ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γόνυ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- γόνυ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- γόνυ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- “γόνυ”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1119 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- γόνυ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- knee idem, page 470.
- γόνυ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Alternative forms
- γόνατο (gónato) (standard form)
Etymology
From Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣoni/
- Hyphenation: γό‧νυ
Noun
γόνυ • (góny) n (plural γόνατα)
- (archaic, expression) knee. Used in the set phrase (in indication of respect):
- κλίνω το γόνυ ― klíno to góny ― I show respect (literally, “I bend the knee”)