γονά

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡo.nǎː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡoˈna/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɣoˈna/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ɣoˈna/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ɣoˈna/

Noun

γονᾱ́ • (gonā́) f (genitive γονᾶς); first declension

Doric form of γονή (gonḗ)
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.142–146:
  εἰδότι τοι ἐρέω· μία βοῦς Κρηθεῖ τε μάτηρ
  καὶ θρασυμήδεϊ Σαλμωνεῖ· τρίταισιν δ’ ἐν γοναῖς
  ἄμμες αὖ κείνων φυτευθέντες σθένος ἀελίου χρύσεον
  λεύσσομεν. Μοῖραι δ’ ἀφίσταντ’, εἴ τις ἔχθρα πέλει
  ὁμογόνοις, αἰδῶ καλύψαι.
  eidóti toi eréō; mía boûs Krētheî te mátēr / kaì thrasumḗdeï Salmōneî; trítaisin d’ en gonaîs / ámmes aû keínōn phuteuthéntes sthénos aelíou khrúseon / leússomen. Moîrai d’ aphístant’, eí tis ékhthra pélei / homogónois, aidô kalúpsai.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.82–86:
  […] βασιλῆα δὲ θεῶν πρέπει
  δάπεδον ἂν τόδε γαρυέμεν ἁμέρᾳ
  ὀπί· λέγοντι γὰρ Αἰακόν νιν ὑπὸ ματροδόκοις γοναῖς φυτεῦσαι,
  ἐμᾷ μὲν πολίαρχον εὐωνύμῳ πάτρᾳ,
  Ἡράκλεες, σέο δὲ προπράον’ ἔμεν ξεῖνον ἀδελφεόν τ’. […]
  […] basilêa dè theôn prépei / dápedon àn tóde garuémen hamérāi / opí; légonti gàr Aiakón nin hupò matrodókois gonaîs phuteûsai, / emāî mèn políarkhon euōnúmōi pátrāi, / Hēráklees, séo dè propráon’ émen xeînon adelpheón t’. […]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 7.5–7:
  […] ἢ χρυσῷ μεσονύκτιον νίφοντα δεξαμένα τὸν φέρτατον θεῶν,
  ὁπότ’ Ἀμφιτρύωνος ἐν θυρέτροις
  σταθεὶς ἄλοχον μετῆλθεν Ἡρακλείοις γοναῖς;
  […] ḕ khrusōî mesonúktion níphonta dexaména tòn phértaton theôn, / hopót’ Amphitrúōnos en thurétrois / statheìs álokhon metêlthen Hērakleíois gonaîs?
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

First declension of ᾱ̔ γονᾱ́; τᾶς γονᾶς (Doric)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̔ γονᾱ́ hā gonā́	τὼ γονᾱ́ tṑ gonā́	ταὶ γοναί taì gonaí
Genitive	τᾶς γονᾶς tâs gonâs	τοῖν γοναῖν toîn gonaîn	τᾶν γονᾶν tân gonân
Dative	τᾷ γονᾷ tāî gonāî	τοῖν γοναῖν toîn gonaîn	ταῖς γοναῖς taîs gonaîs
Accusative	τᾱ̀ν γονᾱ́ν tā̀n gonā́n	τὼ γονᾱ́ tṑ gonā́	τᾱ̀ς γονᾱ́ς tā̀s gonā́s
Vocative	γονᾱ́ gonā́	γονᾱ́ gonā́	γοναί gonaí
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First declension of ἡ γονᾱ́; τῆς γονᾶς (Lyric)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ γονᾱ́ hē gonā́	τὼ γονᾱ́ tṑ gonā́	αἱ γοναί hai gonaí
Genitive	τῆς γονᾶς tês gonâs	τοῖν γοναῖν toîn gonaîn	τῶν γονᾱ́ων / γονᾶν tôn gonā́ōn / gonân
Dative	τῇ γονᾷ tēî gonāî	τοῖν γοναῖν toîn gonaîn	ταῖς γοναίς / γοναῖσῐ / γοναῖσῐν taîs gonaís / gonaîsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν γονᾱ́ν tḕn gonā́n	τὼ γονᾱ́ tṑ gonā́	τᾱ̀ς γονᾱ̆́ς tā̀s gonā̆́s
Vocative	γονᾱ́ gonā́	γονᾱ́ gonā́	γοναί gonaí
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading