γέγωνα

See also: γέγονα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally connected with γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to perceive, observe”); however, the lengthened -ω- (-ō-) is left unexplained. A newer theory by Hackstein and Vine, supported by De Vaan, derives the word from Proto-Hellenic *ge-gon-s-, a desiderative from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₃en- (“to call”), whence also Tocharian A ken- (“to call”) and perhaps Latin gemō (“to sigh, groan”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

γέγωνᾰ • (gégōnă) (Epic)

  1. to make one's voice heard
  2. to shout

Conjugation

   Perfect: γέγωνᾰ with present meaning (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γέγωνᾰ γέγωνᾰς γέγωνε(ν) γεγώνᾰτον γεγώνᾰτον γεγώνᾰμεν γεγώνᾰτε γεγώνᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive γεγώνω,
γεγώνωμῐ 		γεγώνῃς,
γεγώνῃσθᾰ 		γεγώνῃ,
γεγώνῃσῐ(ν) 		γεγώνητον γεγώνητον γεγώνωμεν γεγώνητε γεγώνωσῐ(ν)
optative γεγώνοιμῐ,
γεγωνοίην 		γεγώνοις,
γεγωνοίης 		γεγώνοι,
γεγωνοίη 		γεγώνοιτον γεγωνοίτην γεγώνοιμεν γεγώνοιτε γεγώνοιεν
imperative   γέγωνε γεγωνέτω γεγώνετον γεγωνέτων   γεγώνετε γεγωνόντων
active
infinitive γεγωνέναι,
γεγωνέμεν
participle m γεγωνώς
f γεγωνυῖᾰ
n γεγωνός
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: γεγωνέω (Epic, uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγωνέω γεγωνέεις γεγωνέει γεγωνέετον γεγωνέετον γεγωνέομεν γεγωνέετε γεγωνέουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive γεγωνέω,
γεγωνέωμῐ 		γεγωνέῃς,
γεγωνέῃσθᾰ 		γεγωνέῃ,
γεγωνέῃσῐ(ν) 		γεγωνέητον γεγωνέητον γεγωνέωμεν γεγωνέητε γεγωνέωσῐ(ν)
optative γεγωνέοιμῐ γεγωνέοις,
γεγωνέοισθᾰ 		γεγωνέοι γεγωνέοιτον γεγωνεοίτην γεγωνέοιμεν γεγωνέοιτε γεγωνέοιεν
imperative   γεγώνεε γεγωνεέτω γεγωνέετον γεγωνεέτων   γεγωνέετε γεγωνεόντων
active
infinitive γεγωνέειν,
γεγωνεέμεν(αι),
γεγωνέμεν(αι)
participle m γεγωνέων
f γεγωνέουσᾰ
n γεγωνέον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: γεγωνῶ (Epic, contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγωνῶ γεγωνεῖς γεγωνεῖ γεγωνεῖτον γεγωνεῖτον γεγωνοῦμεν γεγωνεῖτε γεγωνοῦσῐ(ν)
subjunctive γεγωνῶ,
γεγωνῶμῐ 		γεγωνῇς,
γεγωνῇσθᾰ 		γεγωνῇ,
γεγωνῇσῐ(ν) 		γεγωνῆτον γεγωνῆτον γεγωνῶμεν γεγωνῆτε γεγωνῶσῐ(ν)
optative γεγωνοῖμι γεγωνοῖς γεγωνοῖ γεγωνοῖτον γεγωνοίτην γεγωνοῖμεν γεγωνοῖτε γεγωνοῖεν
imperative   γεγώνει γεγωνείτω γεγωνεῖτον γεγωνείτων   γεγωνεῖτε γεγωνούντων
active
infinitive γεγωνεῖν,
γεγωνήμεναι,
γεγωνῆναι
participle m γεγωνῶν
f γεγωνοῦσᾰ
n γεγωνοῦν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐγεγώνεεν with imperfect meaning (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐγεγώνεεν,
ἐγεγώνεᾰ 		ἐγεγώνεες,
ἐγεγώνεᾰς 		ἐγεγώνει(ν),
ἐγεγώνε(ν) 		ἐγεγώνετον ἐγεγωνέτην ἐγεγώνεμεν ἐγεγώνετε ἐγεγώνεσᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: γεγώνεεν with imperfect meaning (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγώνεεν,
γεγώνεᾰ 		γεγώνεες,
γεγώνεᾰς 		γεγώνει(ν),
γεγώνε(ν) 		γεγώνετον γεγωνέτην γεγώνεμεν γεγώνετε γεγώνεσᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: γεγώνεον (Epic, uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγώνεον γεγώνεες γεγώνεε(ν) γεγωνέετον γεγωνεέτην γεγωνέομεν γεγωνέετε γεγώνεον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: γεγώνουν (Epic, contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγώνουν γεγώνεις γεγώνει γεγωνεῖτον γεγωνείτην γεγωνοῦμεν γεγωνεῖτε γεγώνουν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐγεγώνεον (Epic, uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐγεγώνεον ἐγεγώνεες ἐγεγώνεε(ν) ἐγεγωνέετον ἐγεγωνεέτην ἐγεγωνέομεν ἐγεγωνέετε ἐγεγώνεον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐγεγώνουν (Epic, contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐγεγώνουν ἐγεγώνεις ἐγεγώνει ἐγεγωνεῖτον ἐγεγωνείτην ἐγεγωνοῦμεν ἐγεγωνεῖτε ἐγεγώνουν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: γεγωνήσω (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγωνήσω γεγωνήσεις γεγωνήσει γεγωνήσετον γεγωνήσετον γεγωνήσομεν γεγωνήσετε γεγωνήσουσῐ(ν)
optative γεγωνήσοιμῐ γεγωνήσοις,
γεγωνήσοισθᾰ 		γεγωνήσοι γεγωνήσοιτον γεγωνησοίτην γεγωνήσοιμεν γεγωνήσοιτε γεγωνήσοιεν
active
infinitive γεγωνήσειν,
γεγωνησέμεν(αι),
γεγωνησμέναι
participle m γεγωνήσων
f γεγωνήσουσᾰ
n γεγωνῆσον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: γεγώνησᾰ (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγώνησᾰ γεγώνησᾰς γεγώνησε(ν) γεγωνήσᾰτον γεγωνησᾰ́την γεγωνήσᾰμεν γεγωνήσᾰτε γεγώνησᾰν
subjunctive γεγωνήσω,
γεγωνήσωμῐ 		γεγωνήσῃς,
γεγωνήσῃσθᾰ 		γεγωνήσῃ,
γεγωνήσῃσῐ(ν) 		γεγωνήσητον,
γεγωνήσετον 		γεγωνήσητον,
γεγωνήσετον 		γεγωνήσωμεν,
γεγωνήσομεν 		γεγωνήσητε,
γεγωνήσετε 		γεγωνήσωσῐ(ν)
optative γεγωνήσαιμῐ γεγωνήσαις,
γεγωνήσαισθᾰ,
γεγωνήσειᾰς 		γεγωνήσειε(ν),
γεγωνήσαι 		γεγωνησεῖτον γεγωνησείτην γεγωνησεῖμεν γεγωνησεῖτε γεγωνησεῖεν
imperative   γεγώνησον γεγωνησᾰ́τω γεγωνήσᾰτον γεγωνησᾰ́των   γεγωνήσᾰτε γεγωνησᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive γεγωνῆσαι,
γεγωνησᾰ́μεν,
γεγωνησᾰμέναι
participle m γεγωνήσᾱς
f γεγωνήσᾱσᾰ
n γεγωνῆσᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • γεγώνησις (gegṓnēsis)
  • γεγωνητέον (gegōnētéon)
  • γεγωνίσκω (gegōnískō)
  • γεγωνός (gegōnós)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γέγωνα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 263-4

Further reading

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