αἶθος

See also: αἰθός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

By surface analysis, αἴθω (aíthō) +‎ -ος (-os). The term could be considered a descendant of Proto-Hellenic *áitʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-. The same Proto-Indo-European s-stem is reflected in Sanskrit एधस् n (édhas). However, the Greek term is attested relatively late, and the semantics of the Greek word (which means "heat") and the Sanskrit word (which means "firewood") are incongruent. Therefore, the term is often considered a deverbative of αἴθω (aíthō).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /âi̯.tʰos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.tʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.θos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.θos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.θos/

Noun

αἶθος • (aîthos) m (genitive αἴθου); second declension
αἶθος • (aîthos) n (genitive αἴθεος or αἴθους); third declension

heat, fire

Inflection

Masculine declension:

Second declension of ὁ αἶθος; τοῦ αἴθου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ αἶθος ho aîthos	τὼ αἴθω tṑ aíthō	οἱ αἶθοι hoi aîthoi
Genitive	τοῦ αἴθου toû aíthou	τοῖν αἴθοιν toîn aíthoin	τῶν αἴθων tôn aíthōn
Dative	τῷ αἴθῳ tōî aíthōi	τοῖν αἴθοιν toîn aíthoin	τοῖς αἴθοις toîs aíthois
Accusative	τὸν αἶθον tòn aîthon	τὼ αἴθω tṑ aíthō	τοὺς αἴθους toùs aíthous
Vocative	αἶθε aîthe	αἴθω aíthō	αἶθοι aîthoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Neuter declension:

Third declension of τὸ αἶθος; τοῦ αἴθους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ αἶθος tò aîthos	τὼ αἴθει tṑ aíthei	τᾰ̀ αἴθη tằ aíthē
Genitive	τοῦ αἴθους toû aíthous	τοῖν αἰθοῖν toîn aithoîn	τῶν αἰθῶν tôn aithôn
Dative	τῷ αἴθει tōî aíthei	τοῖν αἰθοῖν toîn aithoîn	τοῖς αἴθεσῐ / αἴθεσῐν toîs aíthesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ αἶθος tò aîthos	τὼ αἴθει tṑ aíthei	τᾰ̀ αἴθη tằ aíthē
Vocative	αἶθος aîthos	αἴθει aíthei	αἴθη aíthē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of αἶθος; αἴθεος / αἴθευς (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	αἶθος aîthos	αἴθεε / αἴθει aíthee / aíthei	αἴθεᾰ aítheă
Genitive	αἴθεος / αἴθευς aítheos / aítheus	αἰθέοιῐ̈ν aithéoiĭ̈n	αἰθέων aithéōn
Dative	αἴθεῐ̈ / αἴθει aítheĭ̈ / aíthei	αἰθέοιῐ̈ν aithéoiĭ̈n	αἴθεσῐ / αἴθεσῐν / αἴθεσσῐ / αἴθεσσῐν / αἰθέεσσῐ / αἰθέεσσῐν aíthesĭ(n) / aíthessĭ(n) / aithéessĭ(n)
Accusative	αἶθος aîthos	αἴθεε / αἴθει aíthee / aíthei	αἴθεᾰ aítheă
Vocative	αἶθος aîthos	αἴθεε / αἴθει aíthee / aíthei	αἴθεᾰ aítheă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

αἴθινος (aíthinos)
αἶθοψ (aîthops)