Συράκουσαι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Συράκουσα (Surákousa), Συράκουσσα (Surákoussa)
Συράκοσαι (Surákosai), Συρακόσσα (Surakóssa), Συράκοσσαι (Surákossai) — Doric
Συρήκουσαι (Surḗkousai) — Ionic
Συρακώ (Surakṓ)

Etymology

Attested by 8th century BC, from a Pre-Greek word, possibly Phoenician 𐤔𐤄𐤓𐤀𐤇 (šhrʾḥ, “to feel ill”) in reference to the port's proximity to a swamp.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sy.rǎː.kuː.sai̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /syˈra.ku.sɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /syˈra.ku.sɛ/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /syˈra.ku.se/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /siˈra.ku.se/

Proper noun

Συρᾱ́κουσαι • (Surā́kousai) f pl (genitive Συρακουσῶν); first declension

Syracuse (a city and port in Sicily; an ancient Doric city-state in Magna Graecia)

Inflection

First declension of αἱ Σῠρᾱ́κουσαι; τῶν Σῠρᾱκουσῶν (Attic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	αἱ Σῠρᾱ́κουσαι hai Sŭrā́kousai
Genitive	τῶν Σῠρᾱκουσῶν tôn Sŭrākousôn
Dative	ταῖς Σῠρᾱκούσαις taîs Sŭrākoúsais
Accusative	τᾱ̀ς Σῠρᾱκούσᾱς tā̀s Sŭrākoúsās
Vocative	Σῠρᾱ́κουσαι Sŭrā́kousai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Συρακοσεύς (Surakoseús)
Συρακοσία (Surakosía)
Συρακόσιος (Surakósios)
Συρακόσσιος (Surakóssios)
Συρακοσσίς (Surakossís)

Descendants

Greek: Συρακούσες (Syrakoúses)
→ Arabic: سِرْقُوسة (sirqūsa), سِيرَاقُوسة (sīrāqūsa)
→ Latin: Syrācūsae
- Italian: Siracusa
  - → Armenian: Սիրակուզա (Sirakuza)
  - → Georgian: სირაკუზა (siraḳuza)
  - → Japanese: シラクサ (Shirakusa), シラクーザ (Shirakūza)
- Sicilian: Saragusa, Sarausa (pronunciation spelling), Siragusa, Sirausa (Italianization)
  - → Italian: Siragusa
    - → English: Siragusa
- → Catalan: Siracusa
- → Czech: Syrakusy
- → Finnish: Syrakusa
- → French: Syracuse
  - → English: Syracuse
    - → Italian: Syracuse
    - → Japanese: シラキュース (Shirakyūsu)
    - → Mandarin: 錫拉丘茲 / 锡拉丘兹 (Xīlāqiūzī, Xílāqiūzī)
    - → Portuguese: Syracuse
- → Occitan: Siracusa
- → Polish: Syrakuzy
- → Portuguese: Siracusa
- → Spanish: Siracusa
- → Ukrainian: Сираку́зи (Syrakúzy)
→ Old Armenian: Սիրակուսէ (Sirakusē)
- → Armenian: Սիրակուսե (Sirakuse)

References

“Συράκουσαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
G4946 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,026
Nestle, Eberhard; Aland, Kurt with et al. (2012), Novum Testamentum Graece‎^[2], 28th revised edition, 4th corrected printing edition, Stuttgart: Stuttgart Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, →ISBN