èstre
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan esser, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Pronunciation
- (Niçard) IPA(key): [ˈɛs.tʀe]
- (Auvergne) IPA(key): [ˈɛ.tʁə]
- (Auvergne) IPA(key): [ˈɛst]
Audio (Languedoc): (file)
Verb
èstre
Conjugation
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | èstre
[ˈɛs.tʀe] |
èstre estat
[(e)s.ˈta(te)] | |||||
| gerund | estènt
[(e)s.ˈtɛ̃ŋ] |
use gerund of èstre + past participle | |||||
| past participle | estat
[(e)s.ˈta(te)] |
— | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | eu, ela | nautres | vautres | elu, eli | |
| present | siáu
[ˈsjeu̯] |
siás
[ˈsjɛs] |
es
[ˈes] |
sièm, siam2
[ˈsjɛ̃ŋ], [ˈsjãŋ] |
siètz, siatz2
[ˈsjɛs], [ˈsjas] |
son
[ˈsũŋ] | |
| imperfect | èri
[ˈɛ.ʀi] |
ères
[ˈɛ.ʀes] |
èra
[ˈɛ.ʀa] |
eravam
[e.ʀa.ˈvãŋ] |
eravatz
[e.ʀa.ˈvas] |
èron
[ˈɛ.ʀu(ŋ)] | |
| preterite1 | siguèri, foguèri1
[si.ˈɡɛ.ʀi], [fu.ˈɡɛ.ʀi] |
siguères, foguères1
[si.ˈɡɛ.ʀes], [fu.ˈɡɛ.ʀes] |
siguèt, foguèt1
[si.ˈɡɛ], [fu.ˈɡɛ] |
sigueriam, fogueriam1
[si.ɡe.ˈʀjãŋ], [fu.ɡe.ˈʀjãŋ] |
sigueriatz, fogueriatz1
[si.ɡe.ˈʀjas], [fu.ɡe.ˈʀjas] |
siguèron, foguèron1
[si.ˈɡɛ.ʀu(ŋ)], [fu.ˈɡɛ.ʀu(ŋ)] | |
| future | serai
[se.ˈʀai̯] |
seràs
[se.ˈʀas] |
serà
[se.ˈʀa] |
serèm
[se.ˈʀɛ̃ŋ] |
serètz
[se.ˈʀɛs] |
seràn
[se.ˈʀãŋ] | |
| conditional | serii
[se.ˈʀi.ji] |
series
[se.ˈʀi.jes] |
seria
[se.ˈʀi.ja] |
seriavam
[se.ʀja.ˈvãŋ] |
seriavatz
[se.ʀja.ˈvas] |
serion
[se.ˈʀi.ju(ŋ)] | |
| conditional 2nd form2 | |||||||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of èstre + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que eu, ela | que nautres | que vautres | que elu, eli | |
| present | sigui
[ˈsi.ɡi] |
sigues
[ˈsi.ɡes] |
sigue
[ˈsi.ɡe] |
siguem
[si.ˈɡẽŋ] |
siguetz
[si.ˈɡes] |
sigon
[ˈsi.ɡu(ŋ)] | |
| imperfect | siguessi, foguessi1
[si.ˈɡe.si], [fu.ˈɡe.si] |
siguesses, foguesses1
[si.ˈɡe.ses], [fu.ˈɡe.ses] |
siguesse, foguesse1
[si.ˈɡe.se], [fu.ˈɡe.se] |
siguessiam2, foguessiam1, 2, siguessèm, foguessèm1
[si.ɡe.ˈsjãŋ], [fu.ɡe.ˈsjãŋ], [si.ɡe.ˈsɛ̃ŋ], [fu.ɡe.ˈsɛ̃ŋ] |
siguessiatz2, foguessiatz1, 2, siguessètz, foguessètz1
[si.ɡe.ˈsjas], [fu.ɡe.ˈsjas], [si.ɡe.ˈsɛs], [fu.ɡe.ˈsɛs] |
siguesson, foguesson1
[si.ˈɡe.su(ŋ)], [fu.ˈɡe.su(ŋ)] | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of èstre + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nautres | vautres | — | |
| sigue
[ˈsi.ɡe] |
siguem
[si.ˈɡẽŋ] |
siguetz
[si.ˈɡes] |
1Mostly obsolete
2Attested extremely rarely in Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée (06) | ||||
| 1 : archaic
2 : formal | |||||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | èstre, èsser
[ˈɛʃ.tʀe], [ˈɛ.se] |
èstre estagut
[(e)ʃ.ta.ˈɡy] | |||||
| gerund | estènt
[(e)ʃˈ.tɛ̃ŋ] |
use gerund of èstre + past participle | |||||
| past participle | estagut
[(e)ʃ.ta.ˈɡy] |
— | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | sú
[ˈsy] |
siás
[ˈsjɛs] |
es
[ˈes] |
sèm
[ˈsɛ̃ŋ] |
sètz
[ˈsɛs] |
son
[ˈsũŋ] | |
| imperfect | èra
[ˈɛ.ɹa], [ˈɛ.a]2 |
èras
[ˈɛ.ɹas], [ˈɛ.as]2 |
èra
[ˈɛ.ɹa], [ˈɛ.a]2 |
eravam, eravavam
[e.ɹa.ˈvãŋ], [e.a.ˈvãŋ]2, [e.ɹa.va.ˈvãŋ], [e.a.va.ˈvãŋ]2 |
eravatz, eravavatz
[e.ɹa.ˈvas], [e.a.ˈvas]2, [e.ɹa.va.ˈvas], [e.a.va.ˈvas]2 |
èran
[ˈɛ.ɹãŋ], [ˈɛ.ãŋ]2 | |
| preterite | siguèri1
[si.ˈɡɛ.ɹi], [si.ˈɡɛ.i]2 |
siguères1
[si.ˈɡɛ.ɹes], [si.ˈɡɛ.es]2 |
siguèt1
[si.ˈɡɛ] |
sigueriam1
[si.ɡe.ˈɹjãŋ], [si.ɡˈjãŋ]2 |
sigueriatz1
[si.ɡe.ˈɹjas], [si.ɡe.ˈjas]2 |
siguèron1
[si.ˈɡɛ.ɹũŋ], [si.ˈɡɛ.ũŋ]2 | |
| future | serai
[se.ˈɹai̯], [se.ˈai̯]2 |
seràs
[se.ˈɹas], [se.ˈas]2 |
serà
[se.ˈɹa], [se.ˈa]2 |
serèm
[se.ˈɹɛ̃ŋ], [se.ˈɛ̃ŋ]2 |
serètz
[se.ˈɹɛs], [se.ˈɛs]2 |
seràn
[se.ˈɹãŋ], [se.ˈãŋ2 | |
| conditional | seria
[se.ˈɹi.ja], [se.ˈi.a]2 |
serias
[se.ˈɹi.jas], [se.ˈi.as]2 |
seria
[se.ˈɹi.ja], [se.ˈi.a]2 |
seriavam
[seɹ.ja.ˈvãŋ], [se.ja.ˈvãŋ]2 |
seriavatz
[seɹ.ja.ˈvas], [se.ja.ˈvas]2 |
serian
[se.ˈɹi.jãŋ], [se.ˈi.ãŋ]2, 4 | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | |||||||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of èstre + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | sigue
[ˈsi.ɡe] |
sigues
[ˈsi.ɡes] |
sigue
[ˈsi.ɡe] |
siguem
[si.ˈɡẽŋ] |
siguetz
[si.ˈɡes] |
sigon
[ˈsi.ɡũŋ] | |
| imperfect | siguèssa
[si.ˈɡɛ.sa] |
siguèssas
[si.ˈɡɛ.sas] |
siguèssa
[si.ˈɡɛ.sa] |
siguessavam
[si.ɡe.sa.ˈvãŋ] |
siguessavatz
[si.ɡe.sa.ˈvas] |
siguèssan
[si.ˈɡɛ.sãŋ] | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of èstre + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of èstre + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| sigue
[ˈsi.ɡe] |
siguem
[si.ˈɡẽŋ] |
siguetz
[si.ˈɡes] |
1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| 1 : archaic
2 : Peille, Gorbio | |||||||
Noun
èstre m (plural èstres)
- alternative form of èsser