Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow Oblast

For other places with the same name, see Zheleznodorozhny, Russia.
Zheleznodorozhny
Железнодорожный
City[1]
(abolished)
Zheleznodorozhnaya railway station
Flag
Coat of arms
Interactive map of Zheleznodorozhny
Zheleznodorozhny
Location of Zheleznodorozhny
Zheleznodorozhny
Zheleznodorozhny (Moscow Oblast)
Coordinates: 55°45′N 38°01′E / 55.750°N 38.017°E / 55.750; 38.017
CountryRussia
Federal subjectMoscow Oblast[1]
Founded1861
City status since1952[2]
AbolishedJanuary 9, 2015[3]
Government
 • BodyCity Council[2]
 • Mayor[4]Yevgeny Zhirkov[4]
Elevation
145 m (476 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[5]
 • Total
131,257
 • Estimate 
(2015)
151,985 (+15.8%)
 • Rank126th in 2010
 • Subordinated toZheleznodorozhny City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
 • Capital ofZheleznodorozhny City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
 • Urban okrugZheleznodorozhny Urban Okrug[3]
 • Capital ofZheleznodorozhny Urban Okrug[6]
Postal code[7]
143980

Zheleznodorozhny (Russian: Железнодоро́жный) is an inhabited zone and city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 21 kilometers (13 mi) east of Moscow. It was technically abolished and merged into the city of Balashikha in January 2015.[3] Population: 131,257 (2010 census);[5] 103,931 (2002 census);[8] 97,426 (1989 Soviet census).[9] Its name means "Railway", and its flag and coat of arms both had lines resembling railway tracks.

History

Founded in 1861 to service the railway station of Obiralovka (Обира́ловка),[2] the settlement became famous as the location where the main character of Leo Tolstoy's 1878 novel Anna Karenina committed suicide. It was renamed Zheleznodorozhny (Russian adjective meaning "railway"; example of use: "zheleznodorozhnaya stantsiya" "railway station") in 1939 and granted town status in 1952.[10] In the 1960s the settlements of Kuchino (Ку́чино), Savvino (Са́ввино), Temnikovo (Те́мниково), and Sergeyevka (Серге́евка) became part of Zheleznodorozhny. Kuchino is historically associated with the name of Andrei Bely, the Russian poet who lived there between 1925 and 1931.

In January 2015 Zheleznodorozhny was abolished and its territory merged into the city of Balashikha.[3]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it was incorporated as Zheleznodorozhny City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Zheleznodorozhny City Under Oblast Jurisdiction was incorporated as Zheleznodorozhny Urban Okrug.[6][3]

Transportation

The railway connecting Moscow and Vladimir runs through Zheleznodorozhny, which is served by Kuchino and Zheleznodorozhnaya railway stations of the Gorkovsky suburban railway line.

Military unit 35533

In 2013 according to the Virginia-based Taia Global, military unit 35533,[a] which is a research institute owned by the FSB, uses the postal code for Zheleznodorozhny.[11] Taia Global asserted that Military unit 35533[b] is the "FSB Scientific Research Unit No. 1",[c] which is part of the Third Scientific and Technical Directorate of the FSB[d] and, in 2013, military unit 35533, which was headed by Major General Alexei Reznev,[e] specialized in research in the field of information technology, hardware and software development.[11] Since 2010 according to Taia Global, military unit 35533's interests have included digital signal processing systems, wireless network equipment research, and text encryption research and supports research into "anthropomorphic methods of speech analysis and processing,"[f] as well as "methods for automatic voice recognition"[g] and "methods for changing and imitating the voice of a given individual."[h].[11][12] Allegedly, these electronics can be used both to create eavesdropping technologies and to falsify communications for Russian intelligence services.[11][12][l]

Notable people

Notes

  1. ^ (Russian: военная часть 35533)
  2. ^ (Russian: в/ч 35533)
  3. ^ (Russian: «Научно-исследовательская часть ФСБ № 1»)
  4. ^ (Russian: Третье научно-техническое управление ФСБ)
  5. ^ (Russian: Генерал-майор Алексей Резнев)
  6. ^ (Russian: «антропоморфные методы анализа и обработки речи»)
  7. ^ (Russian: «методы автоматического распознавания голоса»)
  8. ^ (Russian: «методы изменения и имитации голоса заданного человека»)
  9. ^ Alexandr Fishenko's wife Viktoria was a co-owner of the Houston, Texas-based ARC Electronics Inc. (ARC).[15]
  10. ^ Alexander Fishenko (Russian: Александр Фишенко; born 1966 or 1967,[15] Soviet Kazakhstan) graduated from the Leningrad Electro-Technical Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia, and, in 1994, immigrated to the United States becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States in 2003.[19] Fishenko held both a United States and a Russian passport.[15] He was a co-owner[i] and President of the Houston, Texas-based ARC Electronics Inc. (ARC) and the part owner and Marketing Manager of the Moscow-based APEX SYSTEM, L.L.C. (APEX).[19]
  11. ^ According to the Center for Development of Security Excellence, Alexander Fishenko,[j] who allegedly was working illegally as a Russian government agent, was the co-owner and President of the Texas-based ARC Electronics (ARC), and, between 2002 and 2012, while using ARC as a front, shipped approximately $50,000,000 worth of microelectronics and other technologies from the United States to certified suppliers of military equipment to the Russian Ministry of Defense.[13][15][19]
  12. ^ In October 2012, the FBI raided Arc Electronics Inc., which is a Houston, Texas-based company owned by the USSR-born emigrant Alexander Fishenko, and, later, arrested Fishenko and seven others and implicated Fishenko's Moscow-based company, Apex Systems, in the case, as well.[12] The United States Department of Justice alleged that, in late 2011, several of the defendants destroyed documents and deleted emails that dealt with the Russian military.[13] Allegedly, Fishenko stole military microelectronic technology to support Russian espionage.[12] Fishenko claimed that his company shipped items such as traffic light parts to Russia.[13] The FBI indictment stated that, in addition to illegally exporting electronics, Fishenko and 10 accomplices in the United States and Russia engaged in money laundering and acted in the United States as an "unregistered agent" of the Russian government.[12][13][14] The United States investigation alleged that, since October 2008, Fishenko and his accomplices had "engaged in a surreptitious and systematic conspiracy" to export to Russia numerous highly regulated technologies from United States manufacturers.[15] During this investigation into the illegal sale of electronic components to Russia, the United States Department of Commerce imposed sanctions in December 2012 against 119 Russian individuals and entities and 46 of their foreign partners involved in the illegal electronics supply scheme.[12][16] In September 2015, Fishenko pled guilty as a Russian agent who led a scheme to illegally export controlled technology to the Russian military.[17][18][k]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e Law #11/2013-OZ, rev. prior to December 2014
  2. ^ a b c "The town's history". Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Archived from the original on December 6, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e Law #209/2014-OZ
  4. ^ a b Yegor Kargalinsky. "Евгений Жирков – мэр, который победил ЖКХ (The Mayor Who Overcame the Public Utility Mafia)". The Weekly Arguments // Аргументы недели. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
  5. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  6. ^ a b Law #179/2004-OZ
  7. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  9. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  10. ^ СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик на 1 января 1980 года / Составители В. А. Дударев, Н. А. Евсеева. — М.: Изд-во «Известия Советов народных депутатов СССР», 1980. — 702 с. — С. 172.
  11. ^ a b c d "Американцы: Россия покупала секретную электронику в интересах ФСБ: По мнению экспертов компании Taia Global, нелегально закупленная в США микроэлектроника может использоваться для создания технологий прослушки и для фальсификации переговоров в интересах российских спецслужб" [Americans: Russia purchased classified electronics for the FSB: According to experts from Taia Global, microelectronics illegally purchased in the United States could be used to create eavesdropping technologies and falsify communications for Russian intelligence agencies.]. CNews (www.cnews.ru) (in Russian). July 10, 2013. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Американцы: Россия покупала секретную электронику в интересах ФСБ" [Americans: Russia purchased classified electronics for the FSB]. «Время электроники» (russianelectronics.ru) (in Russian). July 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  13. ^ a b c d "Russian Agent Sent Advanced US Military Tech Home: Feds. Eleven indicted in "military procurement ring"". ABC News (abcnews.go.com). October 3, 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  14. ^ "Дело новых «русских шпионов» в США свелось к «обычному» незаконному вывозу микросхем гражданами США" [The case of the new "Russian spies" in the United States was reduced to the "ordinary" illegal export of chips by US citizens]. «Время электроники» (russianelectronics.ru) (in Russian). April 24, 2014. Archived from the original on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  15. ^ a b c d e "Texas company head charged with transmitting military secrets to Russia: Alexander Fishenko, a naturalised US citizen, due in court Thursday to face accusation of acting as a secret agent". Associated Press. October 3, 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025 – via The Guardian.
  16. ^ "Российские электронщики объявлены врагами США: 119 имен и компаний" [Russian electronics engineers declared enemies of the United States: 119 names and companies]. «Время электроники» (russianelectronics.ru) (in Russian). December 14, 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  17. ^ "Russian Agent Pleads Guilty in High-Tech Smuggling Scheme: Alexander Fishenko admitted to sneaking "cutting edge" microelectronics home". ABC News (abcnews.go.com). September 9, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  18. ^ "Russian Agent Pleads Guilty to Leading Scheme to Illegally Export Controlled Technology to Russian Military". United States Department of Justice (www.justice.gov). September 9, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  19. ^ a b c "CASE STUDY: Acting as an Agent of a Foreign Government. Alexander Fishenko" (PDF). Center for Development of Security Excellence (www.cdse.edu). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.

Sources

  • Московская областная Дума. Закон №11/2013-ОЗ от 31 января 2013 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области», в ред. Закона №249/2019-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2019 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования (13 января 2013 г.). Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №24, 12 февраля 2013 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #11/2013-OZ of January 31, 2013 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Law #249/2019-OZ of November 29, 2019 On amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication (January 13, 2013).).
  • Московская областная Дума. Закон №179/2004-ОЗ от 21 декабря 2004 г. «О статусе и границе городского округа Железнодорожный», в ред. Закона №8/2011-ОЗ от 28 января 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "О статусе и границах Ногинского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований" и Закон Московской области "О статусе и границе городского округа Железнодорожный"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №248, 30 декабря 2004 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #179/2004-OZ of December 21, 2004 On the Status and the Border of Zheleznodorozhny Urban Okrug, as amended by the Law #8/2011-OZ of January 28, 2011 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and Borders of Noginsky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations It Comprises" and the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and the Border of Zheleznodorozhny Urban Okrug". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Московская областная Дума. Закон №209/2014-ОЗ от 30 декабря 2014 г. «Об объединении городов областного подчинения Московской области Балашиха и Железнодорожный и внесении изменения в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: Официальный Интернет-портал Правительства Московской области (http://www.mosreg.ru), 12 января 2015 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #209/2014-OZ of December 30, 2014 On the Merger of the Balashikha and Zheleznodorozhny Cities Under Oblast Jurisdiction and on Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).

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