Zanthoxylum dipetalum
| Zanthoxylum dipetalum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Genus: | Zanthoxylum |
| Species: | Z. dipetalum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Zanthoxylum dipetalum | |
Zanthoxylum dipetalum is a rare species of tree in the family Rutaceae and in the same genus as Sichuan pepper. It is known by the Hawaiian names kāwa'u and aʻe. It is endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago, where it grows in forests on four of the islands.[1][2]
There are two varieties.[1][2]
- Z. d. var. dipetalum is present on Kauaʻi, in the mountains of Oʻahu, on Hawaiʻi in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, and possibly on Molokaʻi.
- Z. d. var. tomentosum is known from fewer than 30 individuals on Hualālai volcano on Hawaiʻi.[3][4][5] This variety is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.[2]
The roots of Z. dipetalum have been found to contain several chemical compounds, including canthin-6-one, chelerythrine, nitidine, tembetarine, avicennol, xanthoxyletin, lupeol, hesperidin, sitosterol, and magnoflorine.[6]
References
- ^ a b c Portner, T.; Keir, M.; Gon, S.M.; Sporck-Koehler, M.; Chau, M.; Caraway, V.L.; Kwon, J. (2015). "Zanthoxylum dipetalum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T62986A78764685. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T62986A78764685.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Zanthoxylum dipetalum Kawa`u". NatureServe. 2025. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
- ^ Keir, M.; Portner, T.; Weisenberger, L.; Caraway, V.L.; Kwon, J. (2015). "Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T30781A78767557. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T30781A78767557.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ "Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum Kawa`u". NatureServe. 2025. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
- ^ Zanthoxylum dipetalum. Archived August 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Center for Plant Conservation.
- ^ Fish, Francis; Gray, Alexander I.; Waterman, Peter G. (1975). "Alkaloids, coumarins, triterpenes and a flavanone from the root of Zanthoxylum dipetalum". Phytochemistry. 14 (9): 2073–2076. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(75)83129-3.