YZG-331

YZG-331
Clinical data
Other namesN6-[(S)-1-(Phenyl)propyl]adenosine
Drug classAdenosine receptor agonist; Sedative; Hypnotic
ATC code
  • None
Identifiers
  • (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[6-[[(1S)-1-phenylpropyl]amino]purin-9-yl]oxolane-3,4-diol
PubChem CID
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H23N5O4
Molar mass385.424 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)NC2=C3C(=NC=N2)N(C=N3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O
  • InChI=1S/C19H23N5O4/c1-2-12(11-6-4-3-5-7-11)23-17-14-18(21-9-20-17)24(10-22-14)19-16(27)15(26)13(8-25)28-19/h3-7,9-10,12-13,15-16,19,25-27H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,20,21,23)/t12-,13+,15+,16+,19+/m0/s1
  • Key:RRRLUFHDFDNPMZ-BPAMBQHCSA-N

YZG-331, also known as N6-[(S)-1-(phenyl)propyl]adenosine, is an adenosine receptor agonist which is or was under investigation for the potential treatment of insomnia.[1][2][3]

Pharmacology

The drug appears to act through the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors.[3] It produces sedative and hypnotic effects and hypolocomotion in animals.[3] The drug is orally active and crosses the blood–brain barrier, although its intestinal absorption and central permeability may be reduced by its P-glycoprotein substrate activity.[4][5] It is a synthetic derivative of adenosine and of N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)adenine riboside (NHBA).[5][3] The latter compound is found in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata.[5][3]

Development

YZG-331 was first described in the scientific literature by at least 2014.[6] As of 2025, it has reached the preclinical research stage of development.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Delving into the Latest Updates on YZG-331 with Synapse". Synapse. 8 May 2025. Retrieved 6 October 2025.
  2. ^ Atkin T, Comai S, Gobbi G (April 2018). "Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery". Pharmacological Reviews. 70 (2): 197–245. doi:10.1124/pr.117.014381. PMID 29487083. 1. Adenosine Receptor Agonist. YZG-331 is a promising sedative hypnotic and adenosine analog that exerts its effects by binding to the adenosine receptor. (See the Other Receptors section for a review of the pharmacology of A1A and A2A.)
  3. ^ a b c d e Tang B, Yu Y, Yu F, Fang J, Wang G, Jiang J, et al. (June 2022). "The mechanism study of YZG-331 on sedative and hypnotic effects". Behavioural Brain Research. 428 113885. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113885. PMID 35398229.
  4. ^ Chaturvedi S, Rashid M, Malik MY, Agarwal A, Singh SK, Gayen JR, et al. (May 2019). "Neuropharmacokinetics: a bridging tool between CNS drug development and therapeutic outcome". Drug Discovery Today. 24 (5): 1166–1175. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.007. PMID 30898661.
  5. ^ a b c Liu Z, Mi J, Yang S, Zhao M, Li Y, Sheng L (November 2016). "Effects of P-glycoprotein on the intestine and blood-brain barrier transport of YZG-331, a promising sedative-hypnotic compound". European Journal of Pharmacology. 791: 339–347. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.039. PMID 27612629.
  6. ^ Liu Z, Sheng L, Li Y (January 2014). "Determination of YZG-331 in mouse plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 944: 6–10. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.041. PMID 24291606.
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