Vietnam men's national football team results (2020–present)
| Vietnam national football team results |
|---|
|
|
This article provides details of international football games played by the Vietnam national football team from the 2020s.[1][2][3]
Results
| Key | |
|---|---|
| Win | |
| Draw | |
| Defeat | |
2020
| 23 March Friendly | Vietnam | Cancelled | Iraq | Bình Dương, Vietnam |
| --:-- UTC+7 | Stadium: Gò Đậu Stadium | |||
| Note: The match was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4] | ||||
| 26 March Friendly | Vietnam | Cancelled | Kyrgyzstan | Bình Dương, Vietnam |
| --:-- UTC+7 | Report | Stadium: Gò Đậu Stadium | ||
| Note: The match was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[5] | ||||
| TBD 2020 AFF–EAFF Champions Trophy | Vietnam | Cancelled | South Korea | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| --:-- UTC+7 | Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium | |||
| Note: The match was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[6][7] | ||||
2021
| 31 May Friendly | Jordan | 1–1 | Vietnam | Sharjah, United Arab Emirates |
| 20:45 UTC+4 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Khalid bin Mohammed Stadium Attendance: 0 Referee: Adel Ali Al Naqbi (United Arab Emirates) |
| 7 June 2022 World Cup qualifier R2 | Vietnam | 4–0 | Indonesia | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| 20:45 UTC+4 |
|
Report | Stadium: Al Maktoum Stadium Attendance: 225 Referee: Ahmed Al-Ali (Jordan) |
| 11 June 2022 World Cup qualifier R2 | Malaysia | 1–2 | Vietnam | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| 20:45 UTC+4 | Report |
|
Stadium: Al Maktoum Stadium Attendance: 335 Referee: Ryuji Sato (Japan) |
| 15 June 2022 World Cup qualifier R2 | United Arab Emirates | 3–2 | Vietnam | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| 20:45 UTC+4 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Zabeel Stadium Attendance: 1,355 Referee: Ali Sabah (Iraq) |
| 2 September 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Saudi Arabia | 3–1 | Vietnam | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| 21:00 UTC+3 |
|
Report | Stadium: Mrsool Park Attendance: 8,331 Referee: Ilgiz Tantashev (Uzbekistan) |
| 7 September 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Vietnam | 0–1 | Australia | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 0[8] Referee: Abdulrahman Al-Jassim (Qatar) |
| 7 October 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | China | 3–2 | Vietnam | Sharjah, United Arab Emirates |
| 21:00 UTC+4 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Sharjah Stadium Attendance: 0 Referee: Mohammed Abdulla Hassan Mohamed (United Arab Emirates) |
| 12 October 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Oman | 3–1 | Vietnam | Muscat, Oman |
| 20:00 UTC+4 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex Attendance: 9,123 Referee: Adham Makhadmeh (Jordan) |
| 11 November 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Vietnam | 0–1 | Japan | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 11,022 Referee: Mohammed Abdulla Hassan Mohamed (United Arab Emirates) |
| 16 November 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Vietnam | 0–1 | Saudi Arabia | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 9,669 Referee: Hanna Hattab (Syria) |
| 6 December 2020 AFF Championship GS | Laos | 0–2 | Vietnam | Bishan, Singapore |
| 20:30 UTC+8 | Report |
|
Stadium: Bishan Stadium Attendance: 812 Referee: Ahmad Yacoub Ibrahim (Jordan) |
| 12 December 2020 AFF Championship GS | Vietnam | 3–0 | Malaysia | Bishan, Singapore |
| 20:30 UTC+8 |
|
Report | Stadium: Bishan Stadium Attendance: 976 Referee: Ahmed Faisal Al-Ali (Jordan) |
| 15 December 2020 AFF Championship GS | Indonesia | 0–0 | Vietnam | Bishan, Singapore |
| 20:30 UTC+8 | Report | Stadium: Bishan Stadium Attendance: 928 Referee: Kim Dae-yong (South Korea) |
| 19 December 2020 AFF Championship GS | Vietnam | 4–0 | Cambodia | Bishan, Singapore |
| 20:30 UTC+8 |
|
Report | Stadium: Bishan Stadium Attendance: 909 Referee: Yaqoob Abdul Baki (Oman) |
| 23 December 2020 AFF Championship SF | Vietnam | 0–2 | Thailand | Kallang, Singapore |
| 20:30 | Report |
|
Stadium: National Stadium Attendance: 7,355 Referee: Saoud Ali Al-Adba (Qatar) |
| 26 December 2020 AFF Championship SF | Thailand | 0–0 (2–0 agg.) | Vietnam | Kallang, Singapore |
| 20:30 UTC+8 | Report | Stadium: National Stadium Attendance: 8,121 Referee: Ahmad Yacoub Ibrahim (Jordan) |
2022
| 27 January 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Australia | 4–0 | Vietnam | Melbourne, Australia |
| 20:10 UTC+11 | Report | Stadium: Melbourne Rectangular Stadium Attendance: 27,740 Referee: Ko Hyung-jin (South Korea) |
| 1 February 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Vietnam | 3–1 | China | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 6,099 Referee: Nawaf Shukralla (Bahrain) |
| 24 March 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Vietnam | 0–1 | Oman | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 6,923 Referee: Hanna Hattab (Syria) |
| 29 March 2022 World Cup qualifier R3 | Japan | 1–1 | Vietnam | Saitama, Japan |
| 19:35 UTC+9 |
|
Report | Stadium: Saitama Stadium 2002 Attendance: 44,600 Referee: Ilgiz Tantashev (Uzbekistan) |
| 1 June Friendly | Vietnam | 2–0 | Afghanistan | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Thống Nhất Stadium Attendance: 16,500 Referee: Ngô Duy Lân (Vietnam) |
| 21 September 2022 VFF Tri-Nations Series | Vietnam | 4–0 | Singapore | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 |
|
Stadium: Thống Nhất Stadium Referee: Clifford Daypuyat (Philippines) |
| 27 September 2022 VFF Tri-Nations Series | Vietnam | 3–0 | India | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 |
|
Stadium: Thống Nhất Stadium Referee: Clifford Daypuyat (Philippines) |
| 14 December Friendly | Vietnam | 1–0 | Philippines | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 18:00 UTC+7 | Nguyễn Văn Quyết 90+2' | Report | Stadium: Hàng Đẫy Stadium Referee: Wiwat Jumpaoon (Thailand) |
| 21 December 2022 AFF Championship GS | Laos | 0–6 | Vietnam | Vientiane, Laos |
| 19:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: New Laos National Stadium Attendance: 10,240 Referee: Hiroki Kasahara (Japan) |
| 27 December 2022 AFF Championship GS | Vietnam | 3–0 | Malaysia | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 17,545 Referee: Ryuji Sato (Japan) |
| 30 December 2022 AFF Championship GS | Singapore | 0–0 | Vietnam | Kallang, Singapore |
| 20:30 UTC+8 | Report | Stadium: Jalan Besar Stadium Attendance: 5,434 Referee: Hiroki Kasahara (Japan) |
2023
| 3 January 2022 AFF Championship GS | Vietnam | 3–0 | Myanmar | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 11,575 Referee: Choi Hyun-jai (South Korea) |
| 6 January 2022 AFF Championship SF | Indonesia | 0–0 | Vietnam | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| 16:30 UTC+7 | Report | Stadium: Gelora Bung Karno Stadium Attendance: 49,595 Referee: Omar Al-Yaqoubi (Oman) |
| 9 January 2022 AFF Championship SF | Vietnam | 2–0 (2–0 agg.) | Indonesia | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 23,989 Referee: Yusuke Araki (Japan) |
| 13 January 2022 AFF Championship F | Vietnam | 2–2 | Thailand | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 38,539 Referee: Ko Hyung-jin (South Korea) |
| 16 January 2022 AFF Championship F | Thailand | 1–0 (3–2 agg.) | Vietnam | Pathum Thani, Thailand |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Thammasat Stadium Attendance: 19,306 Referee: Jumpei Iida (Japan) |
| 15 June Friendly | Vietnam | 1–0 | Hong Kong | Haiphong, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Lạch Tray Stadium Referee: Suhaizi Shukri (Malaysia) |
| 20 June Friendly | Vietnam | 1–0 | Syria | Nam Định, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Stadium: Thiên Trường Stadium Referee: Mohd Yaasin Mohd Hanafiah (Malaysia) |
| 11 September Friendly | Vietnam | 2–0 | Palestine | Nam Định, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Thiên Trường Stadium Referee: Muhammad Taqi (Singapore) |
| 10 October Friendly | China | 2–0 | Vietnam | Dalian, China |
| 19:35 UTC+8 |
|
Stadium: Dalian Sports Center Stadium Referee: Woo Chun Sing (Hong Kong) |
| 13 October Friendly | Vietnam | 0–2 | Uzbekistan | Dalian, China |
| 19:35 UTC+8 | Stadium: Dalian Pro Academy Base Stadium Attendance: 0 Referee: Zhang Lei (China) |
| 17 October Friendly | South Korea | 6–0 | Vietnam | Suwon, South Korea |
| 20:00 UTC+9 |
|
Stadium: Suwon World Cup Stadium Attendance: 44,000 Referee: Amirul Izwan Yaacob (Malaysia) |
| 16 November 2026 World Cup qualifier R2 | Philippines | 0–2 | Vietnam | Manila, Philippines |
| 19:00 UTC+8 | Report (FIFA) Report (AFC) |
|
Stadium: Rizal Memorial Stadium Attendance: 10,378 Referee: Rustam Lutfullin (Uzbekistan) |
| 21 November 2026 World Cup qualifier R2 | Vietnam | 0–1 | Iraq | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 | Report (FIFA) Report (AFC) |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 20,568 Referee: Abdulla Al-Marri (Qatar) |
2024
| 9 January Friendly | Kyrgyzstan | 2–1 | Vietnam | Doha, Qatar |
| 16:00 UTC+3 | Report |
|
Stadium: Al Egla Training Facility Field Attendance: 0 |
| 14 January 2023 AFC Asian Cup GS | Japan | 4–2 | Vietnam | Doha, Qatar |
| 14:30 UTC+3 | Report |
|
Stadium: Al Thumama Stadium Attendance: 17,385 Referee: Kim Jong-hyeok (South Korea) |
| 19 January 2023 AFC Asian Cup GS | Vietnam | 0–1 | Indonesia | Doha, Qatar |
| 17:30 UTC+3 | Report | Stadium: Abdullah bin Khalifa Stadium Attendance: 7,253 Referee: Sadullo Gulmurodi (Tajikistan) |
| 24 January 2023 AFC Asian Cup GS | Iraq | 3–2 | Vietnam | Al Rayyan, Qatar |
| 14:30 UTC+3 | Report |
|
Stadium: Jassim bin Hamad Stadium Attendance: 8,932 Referee: Nazmi Nasaruddin (Malaysia) |
| 21 March 2026 World Cup qualifier R2 | Indonesia | 1–0 | Vietnam | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| 20:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Gelora Bung Karno Stadium Attendance: 57,696 Referee: Salman Falahi (Qatar) |
| 26 March 2026 World Cup qualifier R2 | Vietnam | 0–3 | Indonesia | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 27,832 Referee: Alireza Faghani (Australia) |
| 6 June 2026 World Cup qualifier R2 | Vietnam | 3–2 | Philippines | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 19:00 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 11,568 Referee: Hanna Hattab (Syria) |
| 11 June 2026 World Cup qualifier R2 | Iraq | 3–1 | Vietnam | Basra, Iraq |
| 21:00 UTC+3 | Report |
|
Stadium: Basra International Stadium Attendance: 42,791 Referee: Omar Al-Ali (United Arab Emirates) |
| 5 September 2024 LPBank Cup | Vietnam | 0–3 | Russia | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 20:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: 5,000 Referee: Yusri Mohamad (Malaysia) |
| 10 September 2024 LPBank Cup | Vietnam | 1–2 | Thailand | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| 20:00 UTC+7 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium Attendance: Suhaizi Shukri (Malaysia) |
| 9 October 2024 VFF Tri-Nations Series | Vietnam | Cancelled | India | Nam Định, Vietnam |
| 18:00 UTC+7 | Report | Stadium: Thiên Trường Stadium | ||
| Note: Tournament cancelled due to Lebanon pulling out following the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon[9] | ||||
| 12 October Friendly | Vietnam | 1–1 | India | Nam Định, Vietnam |
| 18:00 UTC+7 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Thiên Trường Stadium Referee: Choi Hyun-jai (South Korea) |
| 15 October 2024 VFF Tri-Nations Series | Vietnam | Cancelled | Lebanon | Nam Định, Vietnam |
| 18:00 UTC+7 | Report | Stadium: Thiên Trường Stadium | ||
| Note: Tournament cancelled due to Lebanon pulling out following the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon[9] | ||||
| 9 December 2024 ASEAN Championship GS | Laos | 1–4 | Vietnam | Vientiane, Laos |
| 20:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: New Laos National Stadium Attendance: 10,685 Referee: Ko Hyung-jin (South Korea) |
| 15 December 2024 ASEAN Championship GS | Vietnam | 1–0 | Indonesia | Phú Thọ, Vietnam |
| 20:00 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Việt Trì Stadium Attendance: 16,669 Referee: Abdullah Al Shehri (Saudi Arabia) |
| 18 December 2024 ASEAN Championship GS | Philippines | 1–1 | Vietnam | Manila, Philippines |
| 21:00 UTC+8 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Rizal Memorial Stadium Referee: Akobirxuja Shukurullaev (Uzbekistan) |
| 21 December 2024 ASEAN Championship GS | Vietnam | 5–0 | Myanmar | Phú Thọ, Vietnam |
| 20:00 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Việt Trì Stadium Referee: Koki Nagamine (Japan) |
| 26 December 2024 ASEAN Championship SF | Singapore | 0–2 | Vietnam | Kallang, Singapore |
|
Stadium: Jalan Besar Stadium Attendance: 3,400 Referee: Kim Woo-Sung (South Korea) |
| 29 December 2024 ASEAN Championship SF | Vietnam | 3–1 (5–1 agg.) | Singapore | Phú Thọ, Vietnam |
|
|
Stadium: Việt Trì Stadium Attendance: 15,884 Referee: Rustam Lutfullin (Uzbekistan) |
2025
| 2 January 2024 ASEAN Championship F | Vietnam | 2–1 | Thailand | Phú Thọ, Vietnam |
| 20:00 UTC+7 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Việt Trì Stadium Attendance: 15,604 Referee: Salman Ahmad Falahi (Qatar) |
| 5 January 2024 ASEAN Championship F | Thailand | 2–3 (3–5 agg.) | Vietnam | Bangkok, Thailand |
| 20:00 UTC+7 | Report |
|
Stadium: Rajamangala Stadium Attendance: 46,982 Referee: Ko Hyung-jin (South Korea) |
| 19 March Friendly | Vietnam | 2–1 | Cambodia | Bình Dương, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Gò Đậu Stadium Referee: Tam Ping Wun (Hong Kong) |
| 25 March 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualifier | Vietnam | 5–0 | Laos | Bình Dương, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report | Stadium: Gò Đậu Stadium Attendance: 11,068 Referee: Yahya Ali Almulla (United Arab Emirates) |
| 10 June 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualifier | Malaysia | 4–0 | Vietnam | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| 21:00 UTC+8 |
|
Report | Stadium: Bukit Jalil National Stadium Attendance: 61,512 Referee: Hussein Abu Yehia (Lebanon) |
| 9 October 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualifier | Vietnam | 3–1 | Nepal | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 |
|
Report Report (AFC) |
|
Stadium: Gò Đậu Stadium Attendance: 8,597 Referee: Choi Hyun-jai (South Korea) |
| 14 October 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualifier | Nepal | 0–1 | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| 19:30 UTC+7 | Report Report (AFC) |
Suman 5' (o.g.) | Stadium: Thống Nhất Stadium[note 1] Attendance: 6,870 Referee: Mohamed Khaled (Bahrain) |
| 19 November [note 2] 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualifier | Laos | 0–2 | Vietnam | Vientiane, Laos |
| 19:00 UTC+2 | Report Report (AFC) |
|
Stadium: New Laos National Stadium Attendance: 16,250 Referee: Ali Reda (Lebanon) |
2026
| 31 March 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualifier | Vietnam | v | Malaysia | Vietnam |
| --:-- UTC+7 |
Head-to-head records
As of 19 November 2025
| Vietnam national football team head-to-head records | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opponents | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Confederation |
| Afghanistan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | +2 | 3 | AFC |
| Australia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | -5 | 0 | AFC |
| Cambodia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 6 | AFC |
| China | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 6 | -1 | 3 | AFC |
| Hong Kong | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 3 | AFC |
| India | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | +3 | 4 | AFC |
| Indonesia | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 5 | +2 | 11 | AFC |
| Iraq | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7 | -4 | 0 | AFC |
| Japan | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | -3 | 1 | AFC |
| Jordan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | AFC |
| Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | -1 | 0 | AFC |
| Laos | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 1 | +18 | 15 | AFC |
| Malaysia | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 5 | +2 | 9 | AFC |
| Myanmar | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | +8 | 6 | AFC |
| Nepal | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | +3 | 6 | AFC |
| Oman | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | -3 | 0 | AFC |
| Palestine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | +2 | 3 | AFC |
| Philippines | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 3 | +4 | 10 | AFC |
| Russia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | -3 | 0 | UEFA |
| Saudi Arabia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | -3 | 0 | AFC |
| Singapore | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 1 | +8 | 10 | AFC |
| South Korea | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | -6 | 0 | AFC |
| Syria | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 3 | AFC |
| Thailand | 7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 10 | -2 | 8 | AFC |
| United Arab Emirates | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | -1 | 0 | AFC |
| Uzbekistan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | -2 | 0 | AFC |
Notes
References
- ^ "Vietnam - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". int.soccerway.com. Soccerway.
- ^ "Vietnam national team". worldfootball.net. World Football. 14 January 2024.
- ^ "World Football Elo Ratings: Vietnam". eloratings.net. World Football Elo Ratings.
- ^ "Chính thức hủy trận giao hữu Việt Nam - Iraq". Tuổi Trẻ. 18 February 2020.
- ^ "NÓNG: Việt Nam hủy trận giao hữu gặp Vietnam". Thể thao 247. 9 March 2020.
- ^ Khương Xuân (19 February 2019). "Hủy trận đấu giữa đội tuyển Việt Nam và Hàn Quốc trong năm 2019" [Cancel the match between Vietnam and Korea teams in 2019] (in Vietnamese). Tuổi Trẻ. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^ "Vietnam friendly against RoK may be delayed until 2020". Voice of Vietnam. Vietnam Net. 21 February 2019. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ Vietnam to play Australia in World Cup qualifiers without spectators
- ^ a b "Lịch thi đấu và phát sóng đội tuyển Việt Nam tháng 10". thanhnien.vn (in Vietnamese). 6 September 2024.
- ^ "Nepal mượn sân Thống Nhất đá vòng loại Asian Cup". Vnexpress. 10 September 2025.
- ^ "Bukit Jalil to host Malaysia's 'away' clash with Nepal". NST Online. 16 September 2025.
- ^ "Change the schedule of the match between Laos and Vietnam". vietnam.vn. Znews. 12 November 2025. Retrieved 18 November 2025.