Sanjak of Vidin

Sanjak of Vidin
Видински санджак
Видински санџак
Sancağı Vidin
Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire
1396–1878
Coat of arms
CapitalVidin
History 
1396
• Disestablished
1878
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Tsardom of Vidin
Serbian Despotate
Principality of Bulgaria
Principality of Serbia
Today part ofBulgaria, Serbia

The Sanjak of Vidin or the Vidin Sanjak (Bulgarian: Видински санджак, Serbian: Видински санџак, Turkish: Vidin Sancağı) was a sanjak in the Ottoman Empire, with Vidin as its administrative centre. It was established after the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 out of the territories of the Tsardom of Vidin and in the mid-15th century annexed some territories that belonged to the Serbian Despotate before the Ottomans captured it.

History

After the major breakthrough into the Balkans at the end of the 14th century, the Ottomans were well aware of the strategic importance of Danube and decided to capture all important fortresses on its banks. The Tsardom of Vidin, which was under control of Ivan Sratsimir, became an Ottoman vassal state in 1393, and a strong Ottoman garrison was stationed in Vidin.[2] It was established after the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 out of the territories of the Tsardom of Vidin[3] Baba Vida fortress was expanded by the Ottomans who built long walls around it.[4]

Some people from neighbouring Oltenia began migrating to the Sanjak of Vidin, especially after the Long War (1591–1606) and the hunger crisis which struck after the war.[5]

In 1807, during the First Serbian Uprising, Serbian rebels attacked parts of the sanjak, which at the time was still under the control of Ottoman renegade Osman Pazvantoglu. The rebels' aim was to establish communication with the Russian troops in Wallachia under General Ignatiev.[6] After the collapse of the Serbian uprising, part of the territory around Sokobanja and Svrljig recaptured from the rebels was annexed by the Sanjak of Vidin.[7]

Administration and demographics

In 1455, Ottomans registered all populated places in the sanjak for the first time.[8] According to the Ottoman tax registers from 1454–55 the territory of the Sanjak included the following nahiyahs: Banya (Sokobanja), Belgrad (present-day Belogradchik), Veleshnitsa, Vidin, Gelvie (Glavje), Zagorie, Isvrlig (Svrljig), Kladobo (Kladovo), Krivina, Timok, Tcherna reka/Crna reka and the following fortresses: Vidin, Banya (Sokobanja), Belgrad (present-day Belogradchik), Isvrlig (Svrljig) and Florentin.[9] Negotinska Krajina, Ključ and partly Crna Reka, that belonged to the Serbian Despotate prior to Ottoman conquest, were included in the Sanjak of Vidin after 1455, and at that time were part of a special military frontier (krajište).[10]

Four defters were made in the Sanjak of Vidin in the period between 1483 and 1586.[11]

After 1541, the sanjak became part of the Budin Eyalet. From 1846 to 1864, the sanjak belonged to the Widdin Eyalet,[12] while from 1864 to 1878, it was part of the Danube Vilayet.[13]

Governors

  • Ali Bey Mihaloğlu (1460–1462)[14]
  • Osman Pazvantoglu (1794–1807)
  • Mulla Pasha (1807–1811)
  • Hafize Ali Pasha (fl. 1812)
  • Hüseyin Pasha Aga (1833–1844, first tenure)[15]
  • Hüseyin Pasha Aga (1846–1849, second tenure)[15]
  • El-Seyyid Ali Rıza Paşa (fl. 1850)
  • Hüseyin Pasha (fl. 1852)
  • Abdurrahman Pasha "Samil" (1852–1855)

Economy

The Sanjak of Vidin was one of six Ottoman sanjaks with the most developed shipbuilding (alongside the sanjaks of Smederevo, Nicopolis, Požega, Zvornik and Mohacs).[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ Tolan, John Victor; Veinstein, Gilles; Laurens, Henry (2013). Europe and the Islamic World: A History. Princeton University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-691-14705-5.
  2. ^ Kenneth M. Setton; Harry W. Hazard; Norman P. Zacour (1 June 1990). A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-299-10744-4. Retrieved 6 September 2013. Farther to the west at Vidin, the Bulgarian tsar Sracimir (Sratsimir) was a loyal vassal of the sultan, and an Ottoman garrison...
  3. ^ Gliša Elezović (1974). Turski spomenice. Vol. 2. p. 174. Retrieved 5 September 2013. Vidinski Sandžak (Livâ-i Vidin...) obrazovao se u granicama nekadašnjeg Vidinskog Carstva i vidinske mitropolije.
  4. ^ Bulgaria. Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. 2008. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-74104-474-4. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  5. ^ Collected papers. Vol. 6–8. Institut. 1973. p. 25. Retrieved 6 September 2013. Неколико година после тога настаће усел>авање становништва са румунске стране у видински санџак, особито после аустријско-турског рата 1593 – 1606. и глади која је после тога завладала
  6. ^ Viktor Novak (2003). Revue historique. Vol. 58. p. 171. Retrieved 6 September 2013. Борбе на овом ратишту вођене су великом жестином 1807, јер је устаничка војска покушавала да nуспостави и учврсти комуникацију са руском војском генерала Игњатијева у Влашкој. То им је пошло за руком, а турски утврђени гарнизони Фетислам (Кладово) и Неготин, остали су изолована острва, која су дуго одолевала српско – руским нападима. Подручје Кључа и Крајине коначно је ослобођено тек 1810, у садејству српске са руском војском
  7. ^ Dragoljub Mirčetić (1994). Vojna istorija Niša. Vol. 2. Prosveta. p. 89. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  8. ^ Hristo Gandev (1987). The Bulgarian People During the 15th Century: A Demographic and Ethnographic Study. Sofia-Press. p. 123. Retrieved 5 September 2013. ...a complete registration of settlements in the Vidin sanjak, points out that at the time the register was made – 1455,
  9. ^ Андрей Пантев, Иван Божилов, Илия Илиев, Невен Илиев, Захарин Захариев, Тодор Диков (2008), Град Видин: Кратък исторически очерк, p. 98{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Tomislav Pajić (1973). Bor i okolina: prošlost i tradicionalna kultura. Skupština opštine. p. 54. Retrieved 6 September 2013. Године 1455. видински санџак није обухватао данашњу Неготинску крајину, Кључ и један део Црне Реке; ово подручје сачињавало је у то доба посебно војно крајиште, у коме, разумљиво, није постојао тимарски систем.
  11. ^ Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju: Revue de philologie orientale. 1977. p. 53. Retrieved 5 September 2013. 4 deftera za Vidin od 1483. do 1586. godine
  12. ^ The three eras of Ottoman history, a political essay on the late reforms of ..., p. 75, at Google Books By James Henry Skene
  13. ^ Stanford Jay Shaw; Ezel Kural. Shaw (1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-521-29166-8. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  14. ^ Gradeva 2004, p. 26.
  15. ^ a b Südosteuropäische Arbeiten des Deutschen Auslandswissenschaftlichen Instituts (Berlin), des Südostinstituts (München) und der Südostgemeinschaft Wiener Hochschulen. 1976. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-3-486-49241-5.
  16. ^ Godis̆njak grada Beograda. Beogradske novine. 1979. p. 35. Retrieved 7 September 2013. Ипак градња бродова се посебно везивала за шест санџака: никопољски, видински, смедеревски, зворнички, пожешки и мохачки.

Further reading

  • Bojanić-Lukač, Dušanka (1973). Fragmenti jednog zbirnog i jednog opširnog popisa Vidinskog sandžaka iz druge polovine petnaestog veka (in Serbian). Istorijski institut. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  • Боянич-Лукач, Душанка. Видин и Видинският санджак през 15-16 век: Документи от архивите на Цариград и Анкара. Наука и изкуство, 1975.
  • Gradeva, Rositsa (2004). Rumeli under the Ottomans, 15th–18th centuries: institutions and communities. Isis Press. ISBN 978-975-428-271-9. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  • Gradeva, Rossitsa. "На границата на османското пространство: Видин, ХV–първата половина на ХVІІІ в." Исторически преглед 3-4 (2015): 36-82.
  • Gradeva, Rossitsa. "War and Peace along the Danube: Vidin at the End of the Seventeenth Century." Oriente moderno 20.1 (2001): 149-175.
  • Gökpınar, Bekir. "Vidin Kalesi’nin Tamirinde Tuna Donanmasının Rolü (1719-1723)." Anadolu ve Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi 7.14 (2024): 127-142.
  • Ayşe, Kayapinar. "Le Sancak ottoman de Vidin du XVe à la fin du XVIe siècle." (2011).
  • Мутафчиева, В. "Видин и Видинско през XV-XVI в." В: Боянич-Лукач, Д. Видин и Видинския санджак. С (1975): 15-32.
  • "Historical circumstances and administrative division of the Sanjak of Vidin in 15th and 16th century". Зборник Матице српске за ликовне уметности (in Serbian). Матица. 1993. Retrieved 6 September 2013.

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