Tropical cyclones in 1991
| Tropical cyclones in 1991 | |
|---|---|
| Year boundaries | |
| First system | Alison |
| Formed | January 8, 1991 |
| Last system | Bryna |
| Dissipated | January 10, 1992 |
| Strongest system | |
| Name | Yuri |
| Lowest pressure | 895 mbar (hPa); 26.43 inHg |
| Longest lasting system | |
| Name | Nat |
| Duration | 19 days |
| Year statistics | |
| Total systems | 90 |
| Named systems | 68 |
| Total fatalities | 144,609 total |
| Total damage | $13.71 billion (1991 USD) |
During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 90 systems formed with 68 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Yuri, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone BOB 01, which caused 138,866 fatalities in Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar, Yunnan, while the costliest was Typhoon Mireille, which caused an estimated $10 billion USD in damage after striking Japan. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1991.
Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).
Summary
Systems
All storm information in this article is based on the tropical cyclone season articles on Wikipedia.
January
January was the least active in terms of tropical cyclogenesis and named storms, with only three cyclones forming, two being named. Tropical Cyclone Bella caused flooding in Rodrigues.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alison | 8–18 Janruary | 110 (70) | 966 | None | None | None | |
| Bella | 18 Janruary–4 February | 155 (100) | 936 | Rodrigues | None | None |
February
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chris | 15–21 February | 110 (70) | 976 | Western Australia | None | None | |
| Cynthia | 16–19 February | 125 (75) | 970 | Madagascar | Unknown | 36 | [1] |
| Daphne | 21–28 February | 110 (70) | 976 | Northern Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [2] |
| Kelvin | 21 February–5 March | 110 (70) | 980 | None | None | None | |
| Debra | 22 February–4 March | 115 (70) | 966 | Mozambique | None | None | |
| Elma | 26 February–5 March | 105 (65) | 965 | None | None | None |
March
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15P | 3–7 March | 55 (35) | 1000 | Solomon Islands | None | None | |
| Sharon (Auring) | 5–16 March | 95 (60) | 985 | Caroline Islands, Philippines | None | None | |
| 16P | 15–21 March | 55 (35) | 1000 | None | None | None | |
| Tim | 20–27 March | 120 (75) | 970 | Philippines, Japan | None | None | |
| Fatima | 21 March–1 April | 135 (85) | 954 | None | None | None | |
| Errol | 23–31 April | 175 (110) | 950 | None | None | 21 | [3] |
| G1 | 30 March–3 April | 55 (35) | 998 | Madagascar | Unknown | 16 | [4] |
April
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marian | 9–19 April | 185 (115) | 930 | None | None | None | |
| Unnamed | 10–14 April | 65 (40) | Unknown | None | None | None | |
| Fifi | 14–21 April | 110 (70) | 975 | Western Australia | Unknown | 29 | [5] |
| BOB 01 | 22–30 April | 240 (150) | 920 | India, Bangladesh | $1.5 billion | 138,866[a] | [6] |
| Vanessa (Bebeng) | 23–28 April | 85 (50) | 994 | Philippines, Vietnam, China | None | None |
May
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walt (Karing) | 5–16 May | 185 (115) | 915 | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
| Lisa | 7–11 May | 110 (70) | 975 | Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu | None | None | [7] |
| Andres | 16–20 May | 100 (65) | 994 | None | None | None | |
| TD | 20 May | Unknown | 1010 | None | None | None | |
| BOB 02 | 30 May–5 June | 85 (55) | 990 | India, Bangladesh | None | None |
June
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yunya | 12–17 June | 150 (90) | 950 | Philippines, Taiwan | Unknown | 326 | |
| Blanca | 14–22 June | 100 (65) | 994 | None | None | None | |
| Carlos | 16–27 June | 195 (120) | 955 | None | None | None | |
| Delores | 22–28 June | 140 (85) | 979 | None | None | None | |
| Five-E | 28–30 June | 55 (35) | 1006 | Mexico | None | None |
July
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ana | 2–5 July | 85 (50) | 1000 | Florida, Bahamas, South Carolina | Minimal | None | |
| Two | 5–7 July | 55 (35) | 1007 | Mexico | Minimal | None | |
| Zeke | 9–15 July | 120 (75) | 970 | Philippines, Hong Kong, southern China | $960 million | 33 | |
| Amy | 14–20 July | 230 (145) | 930 | Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China | $4.87 billion | 136 | |
| Enrique | 15 July–1 August | 120 (75) | 987 | None | None | None | |
| Brendan | 19–25 July | 140 (85) | 980 | Philippines, Taiwan, Macau, Hong Kong, China | $253 million | 34 | |
| Caitlin | 21–30 July | 175 (110) | 940 | Philippines, Japan, South Korea | $81.3 million | 26 | |
| BOB 03 | 27–31 July | 55 (35) | 984 | India | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Fefa | 29 July–8 August | 195 (120) | 959 | Hawaiian Islands | Minimal | None |
August
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guillermo | 4–10 August | 130 (80) | 983 | None | None | None | |
| Doug | 7–10 August | 65 (40) | 1000 | None | None | None | |
| Hilda | 8–14 August | 65 (40) | 992 | None | None | None | |
| Ellie | 10–19 August | 130 (80) | 960 | Taiwan, China | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Fred | 11–18 August | 140 (85) | 960 | Philippines, China, Vietnam, Laos | Unknown | 5 | |
| 13W | 11–13 August | 45 (30) | 1002 | None | None | None | |
| Gladys | 15–24 August | 120 (75) | 965 | Japan, South Korea | $253 million | 113 | |
| Bob | 16–20 August | 185 (115) | 950 | North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Atlantic Canada, Iberian Peninsula | $1.47 billion | 17 | |
| BOB 04 | 21–26 August | 45 (30) | 992 | India | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Four | 24–26 August | 55 (35) | 1007 | None | None | None | |
| 15W | 26–30 August | 65 (40) | 992 | Japan, South Korea | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Five | 28–31 August | 55 (35) | 1007 | None | None | None | |
| Harry | 28–31 August | 75 (45) | 992 | Japan | Unknown | Unknown |
September
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ivy | 2–10 September | 175 (110) | 935 | Japan | Unknown | 1 | |
| Joel | 3–8 September | 85 (50) | 985 | China | Unknown | 5 | |
| Claudette | 4–12 September | 215 (130) | 944 | None | None | None | |
| Danny | 7–11 September | 85 (50) | 998 | None | None | None | |
| Erika | 8–12 September | 95 (60) | 997 | None | None | None | |
| 01S | 10–13 September | 85 (50) | Unknown | None | None | None | |
| Ten-E | 12–14 September | 55 (35) | 1005 | Mexico | Minimal | None | |
| Mireille | 13 September–4 October | 240 (150) | 910 | Saipan, South Korea, Japan, Alaska | $10 billion | 68 | |
| Luke | 14-19 September | 100 (65) | 980 | Japan | $179 million | 12 | |
| Nat | 14 September–3 October | 150 (90) | 950 | Philippines, Taiwan, China | $16.7 million | 2 | |
| Ignacio | 16–19 September | 100 (65) | 994 | Mexico | Minimal | 2 | |
| Jimena | 20 September–2 October | 215 (130) | 945 | None | None | None | |
| BOB 05 | 21–22 September | 45 (30) | 1000 | India | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Kevin | 25 September–12 October | 230 (145) | 935 | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown |
October
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orchid | October 3–14 | 175 (110) | 930 | Guam, Japan | $15.8 million | 3 | |
| Pat | October 4–13 | 150 (90) | 925 | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Marty | October 7–18 | 130 (80) | 979 | Southwestern Mexico, Revillagigedo Islands, Baja California Peninsula | None | None | |
| BOB 06 | October 12–14 | 45 (30) | 998 | Bangladesh, India | Unknown | Unknown | |
| A2 | October 14–22 | 50 (30) | 997 | Madagascar | None | None | |
| Fabian | October 15–16 | 75 (45) | 1002 | Cuba, Florida | Minimal | None | |
| Ruth | October 19–31 | 215 (130) | 895 | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Philippines | $151 million | 82 | |
| Ten | October 24–25 | 45 (30) | 1009 | None | None | None | |
| Grace | October 25–29 | 165 (105) | 980 | Bermuda | None | None | |
| BOB 07 | October 28–30 | 45 (30) | 998 | India | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Unammed | October 31–November 2 | 120 (75) | 980 | East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | $200 million | 13 |
November
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seth | 1–15 November | 185 (115) | 925 | Philippines | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Thelma | 1–8 November | 75 (45) | 991 | Philippines, Vietnam | $27.7 million | 5,081 | |
| Verne | 5–12 November | 100 (65) | 980 | None | None | None | |
| Nora | 7–12 November | 165 (105) | 970 | None | None | None | |
| BOB 08 | 9–16 November | 85 (50) | 998 | India | Unknown | 40+ | |
| Tia | 13–21 November | 140 (85) | 960 | Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu | Unknown | None | |
| Wilda | 14–20 November | 85 (50) | 992 | Philippines | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Yuri | 17 November–3 December | 280 (175) | 885 | Pohnpei, Guam | $36 million | None | |
| A4 | 21–29 November | 70 (45) | 991 | None | None | None | |
| Zelda | 27 November–7 December | 150 (90) | 975 | Marshall Islands, Alaska, Canada | Unknown | None |
December
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graham | 2–12 December | 205 (125) | 915 | Cocos Island | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Wasa-Arthur | 3–18 December | 195 (120) | 938 | French Polynesia | $60 million | 2 | |
| Val | 4–17 December | 230 (145) | 916 | Tuvalu, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands, Cook Islands, Tonga | $381 million | 17 | |
| Alexandra | 18–29 December | 105 (65) | 972 | Mauritius | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Bryna | 25 December–10 January | 70 (45) | 988 | Madagascar | Unknown | Unknown |
Global effects
See also
Notes
- ^ Fourth deadliest tropical cyclone on record.
- ^ a b c d The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
- ^ a b c Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.
- ^ The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.
References
- ^ Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (August 1993). "Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1900-present" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
- ^ "1991 Tropical Cyclone Daphne (1991046S18150)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ^ "Indian Ocean, off WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ Patrick Donguy (November 1992). Cyclonic Phenomena in Indian Ocean Watched by Meteosat (Season 1990-1991) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. p. 80.
- ^ "South-Western WA: Cyclone". www.ema.gov.au. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). United States Navy, United States Airforce. 1992. p. 155. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ Pandaram, Sudha (3 July 1992). Tropical Cyclone Lisa, 7 - 13 May, 1991 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report 91/1). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
External links
| Tropical cyclone year articles (1990–1999) |
|---|
| 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 |
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
- US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
- Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific
- India Meteorological Department – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
- Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
- Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
- Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
- Papua New Guinea National Weather Service – South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Weather Service.