Tiny tyrant-manakin

Tiny tyrant-manakin
at Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Pipridae
Genus: Tyranneutes
Species:
T. virescens
Binomial name
Tyranneutes virescens
(Pelzeln, 1868)

The tiny tyrant-manakin or tiny tyranneutes[1] (Tyranneutes virescens) is a species of bird in the family Pipridae, the manakins.[2] It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.[3]

Taxonomy and systematics

The tiny tyrant-manakin was originally described by Pelzeln in 1868 as Pipra virescens.[4] It was later transferred to genus Tyranneutes that Sclater and Salvin erected in 1881. They named T. brachyurus as the type specimen and it was later realized that T. brachyurus was the same species as Pelzeln's P. virescens so the earlier specific epithet took precedence.[5]

The tiny tyrant-manakin is monotypic.[2] It shares genus Tyranneutes with the dwarf tyrant-manakin (T. stolzmanni) and the two form a superspecies.[6]

Description

The tiny tyrant-manakin is about 7 to 8 cm (2.8 to 3.1 in) long and weighs 6 to 8.5 g (0.21 to 0.30 oz). The sexes have almost the same plumage. Adult males have a mostly hidden yellow patch on the crown. The rest of their olive head and their upperparts, wings, and tail are dull olive. Their throat and breast are paler grayish olive and their belly pale yellow. They have a dark iris, a dark maxilla, a paler mandible, and grayish legs and feet. Females have less yellow on their crown than males but are otherwise alike.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The tiny tyrant-manakin is a bird of the northern Amazon Basin. It is found from northeastern and southeastern Bolívar in Venezuela east through the Guianas and Brazil north of the Amazon River from the Branco and Negro rivers to the Atlantic in Pará. It primarily inhabits the interior of humid terra firme forest. It seldom is found at the forest edge or in clearings.[7] It is a bird of the lowlands, reaching only about 500 m (1,600 ft) in elevation.[7][8]

Behavior

Movement

The tiny tyrant-manakin is believed to be a year-round resident.[7]

Feeding

The tiny tyrant-manakin feeds mostly on small fruits and also includes some small invertebrates in its diet. It usually forages up to the forest's mid-story. It has been observed gleaning food with a short sally from a perch, sometimes while briefly hovering.[7]

Breeding

Males make a display flight by flying straight up with quick wingbeats from a high perch and plunging back down to the same perch. They also display while perched and with slow floating flights between perches.[7][9]

Vocalization

The tiny tyrant-manakin's vocalization is a "high, short, nasal shiver wee-de-weet or quick better delete".[10]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the tiny tyrant-manakin as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It is considered "uncommon and perhaps local" in Venezuela and uncommon to frequent" in Brazil.[8][10]

References

  1. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2024). "Tiny Tyrant-manakin Tyranneutes virescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22701200A263789935. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22701200A263789935.en. Retrieved 19 October 2025.
  2. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (March 2025). "Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards". IOC World Bird List. v 15.1. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
  3. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, D. F. Lane, L, N. Naka, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 29 September 2025. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. South American Classification Committee associated with the International Ornithological Union. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved September 29, 2025
  4. ^ von Pelzeln, August (1871). Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens: Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 (in German). A. Pichler’s Witwe & Sohn. pp. 187–188. Retrieved October 19, 2025.The book was published in 1871 but the section containing the species description is dated 1868.
  5. ^ Sclater, Philip Lutley; Salvin, Osbert (1881). "XXII.—Descriptions of some new Species of South-American Birds of the families Tyrannidæ and Formicariidæ". Ibis (in Latin and English). 5: 268–269. Retrieved October 19, 2025.
  6. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, D. F. Lane, L, N. Naka, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 29 September 2025. A classification of the bird species of South America. South American Classification Committee associated with the International Ornithological Union. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved September 29, 2025
  7. ^ a b c d e f Snow, D. (2020). Tiny Tyrant-Manakin (Tyranneutes virescens), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.titman1.01 retrieved October 19, 2025
  8. ^ a b Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela (second ed.). Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 672.
  9. ^ Snow, D. W. (1961). "The displays of the manakins Pipra pipra and Tyranneutes virescens". Ibis. 103A (1): 110–113.
  10. ^ a b van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 282–283. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
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