Timeline of national independence

This list includes currently extant sovereign states (list) and states with limited recognition that have declared independence from a predecessor state or an occupying power. Various states have never declared independence throughout their formations and are therefore not included in the main list on this page. This includes states formed through the unification of multiple independent entities (such as the United Kingdom and Tanzania) as well as those that once declared independence but whose most recent establishment occurred through other means (such as Haiti, which declared independence from France in 1804, split into two states in 1806, and reunified in 1820). These countries are given on a separate list below. The list does not include duplicated entries for states that have declared independence multiple times, only using the most recent one. Subnational entities are usually not included in the list. Some of these dates of independence might be disputed, as many of them aren't the official independence days nationally recognized as such.

List

Before 19th century

Date Previous entity Newly independent entity Event
September 3, 301 Roman Empire San Marino Traditionally given date.
August 10, 843 Carolingian Empire France Treaty of Verdun, splitting the Frankish Empire into three states, one of which became France.
June 6, 1523 Kalmar Union Sweden Election of King Gustav Vasa as King of Sweden, marking a definite secession from the Kalmar Union. Initial establishment in 970.
December 1, 1640 Spain Portugal Start of the Portuguese Restoration War that reestablished Portugal as a sovereign state, thus ending the Iberian Union with Spain. Initial establishment in 868.
February 8, 1649 Holy Roman Empire Switzerland Separated from Imperial sovereignty by the Peace of Westphalia. Initial establishment in 1291.
September 3, 1783 Great Britain United States Treaty of Paris is signed. Initial independence in 1776.

19th century to World War I

Date Previous entity Newly independent entity Event
May 14, 1811 Spain  Paraguay Independence not formally declared until 1842.
November 4, 1813 Confederation of the Rhine  Liechtenstein Confederation of the Rhine dissolved. Initial establishment in 1719 within the Holy Roman Empire.
November 20, 1813  France Netherlands Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Spain in 1579 during the Eighty Years' War.
May 30, 1814  Andorra Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Urgell in 1278.
 Monaco Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Genoa in 1297, interrupted by multiple Genoese occupations.
July 9, 1816 Spain Argentina Originally named United Provinces of the Río de la Plata until the signing of the Federal Pact in 1831. Initial independence in 1810.
February 12, 1818  Chile Independence restored after Spanish reconquest, initial independence in 1810.
September 28, 1821  Mexico Unrecognized by Spain until 1836 with the signing of the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty.
January 4, 1822  Ottoman Empire  Greece International recognition achieved in 1830.
September 7, 1822  Portugal  Brazil Unrecognized by Portugal until 1825.
October 4, 1828  Brazil  Uruguay Independence established by treaty as a buffer between  Brazil and  Argentina, which both previously claimed the region.
 Netherlands  Belgium Unrecognized by Netherlands until 1839.
November 19, 1832  Gran Colombia Colombia Dissolution of Gran Colombia. Originally named Republic of New Granada until the signing of the Constitution of Rionegro in 1863.
 Ecuador Dissolution of Gran Colombia.
 Venezuela Dissolution of Gran Colombia. Restoration of Independence, initial establishment in 1811.
November 15, 1838  Central America  Costa Rica Originally the Free State of Costa Rica, it would become the Republic of Costa Rica in 1847.
June 19, 1839  Belgium  Luxembourg Grand Duchy re-established by the Treaty of London in personal union with the  Netherlands (until 1890).
August 25, 1839 Peru-Bolivia Confederation  Bolivia Restoration of Independence, initial establishment in 1825.
 Peru Restoration of Independence, initial establishment in 1821.
July 26, 1847 United States  Liberia Unrecognized by United States until 1862.
May 1, 1865 Spain  Dominican Republic Independence restored after period of Spanish rule. Initial independence declared from Spain in 1821, and later from Haiti in 1844.
July 1, 1867  United Kingdom  Canada Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
March 17, 1878  Ottoman Empire  Bulgaria Under Ottoman vassalage until 1908. Restoration of independence after Ottoman rule, initial establishment in 681.
November 29, 1898  Central America  Nicaragua Independence restored after the dissolution of the Greater Republic of Central America, initial independence in 1838.
January 1, 1901  United Kingdom  Australia Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
May 20, 1902 United States  Cuba United States retained Isla de Pinos until 1925. Guantanamo Bay was leased to the United States in 1903 and has remained under American control into the present.
November 4, 1903  Colombia  Panama Unrecognized by Colombia until 1922.
June 7, 1905  Sweden  Norway Independence restored after Danish and Swedish rule. Initial establishment in 872.
September 26, 1907  United Kingdom  New Zealand Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
May 31, 1910  South Africa Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1961.
December 6, 1917  Russia Finland Sovereignty secured in 1918 with the defeat of communist insurgents.
October 17, 1918 Austria-Hungary  Hungary Independence restored with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. Initial establishment in 895. Stayed in personal union with Austria until November 16.

Interwar period to World War II

Date Previous entity Newly independent entity Event
December 1, 1918  Denmark  Iceland In personal union with Denmark until 1944. Initial establishment in 930.
August 19, 1919  United Kingdom Afghanistan Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 signed between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War, ending 40 years of British protectorate in the country. Initial establishment in 1747.
February 15, 1921  Republic of China Mongolia Independence restored after Chinese occupation. Initial establishment of first Mongolian state in 1203.
January 14, 1922 Central America  El Salvador Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1841.
 Guatemala Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1839.
 Honduras Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1838.
March 15, 1922  United Kingdom Egypt Independence restored after a period of British rule. Initial establishment around 3150 BC. Egypt would remain under strong British influence until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished and replaced by a republic.
December 6, 1922 Ireland Independence restored after direct British rule. In personal union with Britain until 1937. Initial establishment of first state called Ireland in 1177.
June 7, 1929  Italy  Vatican City[1] Established by the Lateran Treaty. Initial establishment in 756.
October 3, 1932  United Kingdom  Iraq Formerly a League of Nations mandate.
May 5, 1941  Italy  Ethiopia Independence restored after Italian occupation. Initial establishment in 1270.
December 22, 1943  France  Lebanon Formerly a League of Nations mandate.
 Syria Formerly a League of Nations mandate. Unrecognized by France until 1946.
July 22, 1944  Germany  Poland Independence restored after German occupation. Initial establishment in 960.
October 22, 1944  Albania Independence restored after German occupation. Initial establishment in 1190.
April 27, 1945  Austria Independence restored after German occupation. Initial establishment in 970 within the Holy Roman Empire.
August 15, 1945  Japan  North Korea Independence restored after Japanese occupation as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea/Chosŏn. The country was partitioned along the 38th parallel by the Allied powers. Created in 1948 from the Soviet occupation zone in the north of the peninsula. Initial establishment in 2333 BC.
 South Korea Independence restored after Japanese occupation as the Republic of Korea/Hanguk. The country was partitioned along the 38th parallel by the Allied powers. Created in 1948 from the American occupation zone in the south of the peninsula. Initial establishment in 2333 BC.
August 17, 1945  Netherlands  Indonesia Unrecognized by Netherlands until 1949. In personal union with the Netherlands until 1956.

Cold War

Date Previous entity Newly independent entity Event
March 2, 1946  United Kingdom and  Soviet Union  Iran Withdrawal of British troops from Iran following invasion and occupation in 1941, although Soviet troops wouldn’t withdraw until May 1946. Initial establishment in 678 BC. The monarchy would be overthrown in 1979 and replaced by the Islamic Republic of Iran.
June 17, 1946  United Kingdom  Jordan Previously a League of Nations Mandate.
July 4, 1946 United States  Philippines Restoration of Independence after American rule. Initial independence in 1897.
August 14, 1947  United Kingdom  Pakistan In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1956.
August 15, 1947  India In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1950.
January 4, 1948  Myanmar Independence restored after British rule. Originally named Burma until 1989. Initial establishment in 849.
February 4, 1948  Sri Lanka Originally named Ceylon until 1972. In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1972.
May 14, 1948  Israel Previously a League of Nations mandate. Partially unrecognized. Initial establishment in 930 BC.
October 1, 1948  Palestine[1] Previously a League of Nations mandate although it existed as a client state of Egypt from 1948 to 1959. Partially unrecognized. Modern Palestinian state was proclaimed in 1988 and claims limited control over the territory that is under Israeli occupation since 1967 under the Oslo Accords. Initial establishment in 1550 BC.
October 1, 1949  Republic of China China Independence declared from the Republic of China, whose government was relocated and territory reduced to Taiwan and surrounding islands. Tibet would be annexed in 1951. Initial establishment in 2070 BC.
December 24, 1951  United Kingdom and  France  Libya Created by merging French and British-occupied areas in Libya with the independent Emirate of Cyrenaica. Initial establishment in 1551.
October 22, 1953  France  Laos In 1975, the Pathet Lao, a left-wing revolutionary force in the Kingdom of Laos, takeover the country and abolish the monarchy, becoming a communist state, the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Initial establishment in 1353.
November 9, 1953  France  Cambodia Independence restored after French protectorate status. Initial establishment in 802.
January 1, 1956  United Kingdom and Egypt  Sudan Independence granted during the First Sudanese Civil War. Initial establishment in 1885.
March 20, 1956  France  Tunisia Independence restored after period as a French protectorate. Initial establishment in 1705.
March 6, 1957  United Kingdom  Ghana In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1960.
August 14, 1957  France  Morocco Independence restored after French protectorate. Initial establishment in 788.
October 2, 1958  France  Guinea Joined the UN on December 12.
January 1, 1960  Cameroon Joined the UN on September 20.
April 27, 1960  Togo Joined the UN on September 20.
June 20, 1960  Mali Senegal declares independence on August 20.
June 26, 1960  Madagascar Independence restored after French rule, initial establishment as Kingdom of Madagascar in 1817, a successor to the earlier Merina Kingdom.
June 30, 1960  Belgium  Congo-Leopoldville Named Zaire from 1971-1997. Now known as Democratic Republic of the Congo or Congo-Kinshasa.
July 1, 1960  Italy  Somalia Somaliland secedes in 1991. Puntland secedes in 2024.
July 31, 1960  France Benin Originally named Dahomey until 1975.
August 5, 1960 Burkina Faso Originally named Upper Volta until 1984.
August 7, 1960  Côte d'Ivoire Originally named Ivory Coast until 1986.
August 8, 1960  Niger Joined the UN on September 20.
August 11, 1960  Chad Joined the UN on September 20.
August 13, 1960  Central African Republic Central African Empire from 1976-1979.
August 15, 1960  Congo-Brazzaville Also known as the Republic of the Congo or the Congo Republic.
August 16, 1960  United Kingdom  Cyprus Initial establishment in 1192.
August 17, 1960  France  Gabon Joined the UN on September 20.
October 1, 1960  United Kingdom  Nigeria In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1963.
November 28, 1960  France  Mauritania Joined the UN in 1961.
April 27, 1961  United Kingdom  Sierra Leone In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1971.
June 19, 1961  United Kingdom  Kuwait Independence restored after period of British protectorate. Initial independence in 1752.
January 1, 1962  New Zealand  Samoa Independence restored after German and New Zealand rule. Initial establishment in 1300.
July 1, 1962  Belgium  Burundi Independence restored after German and Belgian protectorate. Initial establishment in 1680.
 Rwanda Independence restored after German and Belgian protectorate. Initial establishment in the 12th century.
July 5, 1962  France  Algeria Independence restored after French colonial rule. Initial establishment in 1516.
August 6, 1962  United Kingdom  Jamaica In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
August 31, 1962  Trinidad and Tobago In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1976.
October 9, 1962  Uganda In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1963.
November 12, 1963  Kenya In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1964.
July 6, 1964  Malawi In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1966.
September 21, 1964  Malta Independence restored after French and British rule. Initial independence in 1520. In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1974.
October 24, 1964  Zambia Joined the UN on December 1.
July 26, 1965  Maldives Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial establishment before 1117.
August 4, 1965  New Zealand  Cook Islands[2] Partially unrecognized. In personal union with the UK and many other countries. In free association with New Zealand.
August 9, 1965  Malaysia  Singapore Forcibly expelled from Malaysia. Initial establishment in 1299.
May 26, 1966  United Kingdom  Guyana In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1970.
September 30, 1966  Botswana Joined the UN on October 17.
October 4, 1966  Lesotho Independence restored after period of British protectorate. Initial establishment in 1822.
November 30, 1966  Barbados In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 2021.
January 31, 1968  Australia  Nauru Joined the UN in 1999.
March 12, 1968  United Kingdom  Mauritius In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1992.
September 6, 1968  Eswatini Restoration of independence after British protectorate, initial establishment in 1745. Originally named Swaziland until 2018.
October 12, 1968  Spain  Equatorial Guinea Joined the UN on November 12.
June 4, 1970  United Kingdom  Tonga Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial independence declared from Tui Manu'a in 950.
August 9, 1970  Oman Independence restored after informal British protectorate. Initial independence declared from Abbasid Caliphate in 749.
October 10, 1970  Fiji Restoration of independence after British colonial rule. Initial establishment in 1871. In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1987.
August 15, 1971  Bahrain Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial independence in 1783.
September 3, 1971  Qatar Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial independence in 1868.
December 2, 1971  United Arab Emirates Ras Al Khaimah originally not part of the union, joined in 1972.
December 16, 1971  Pakistan  Bangladesh Unrecognized by Pakistan until 1974.
July 10, 1973  United Kingdom  Bahamas In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
September 24, 1973  Portugal  Guinea-Bissau Joined the UN in 1974.
February 7, 1974  United Kingdom  Grenada In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
October 19, 1974  New Zealand  Niue[2] Independence restored after British and New Zealand rule. Initial establishment before 1887. Partially unrecognized. In personal union with the UK and many other countries. In free association with New Zealand.
June 25, 1975  Portugal  Mozambique Joined the UN on September 16.
July 5, 1975  Cape Verde Joined the UN on September 16.
July 6, 1975  France  Comoros Joined the UN on November 12.
July 12, 1975  Portugal  São Tomé and Príncipe Joined the UN on September 16.
September 16, 1975  Australia  Papua New Guinea In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
November 11, 1975  Portugal  Angola Joined the UN in 1976.
November 25, 1975  Netherlands  Suriname Joined the UN on December 4.
February 27, 1976  Spain  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[3] Partially unrecognized.
June 29, 1976  United Kingdom  Seychelles Joined the UN on September 21.
June 27, 1977  France  Djibouti Joined the UN on September 20.
July 7, 1978  United Kingdom  Solomon Islands In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
October 1, 1978  Tuvalu In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
November 3, 1978  Dominica Joined the UN on December 18.
February 22, 1979  Saint Lucia In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
July 12, 1979  Kiribati Joined the UN in 1999.
October 27, 1979  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
April 18, 1980  Zimbabwe Restoration of independence after a brief return to British rule after the Rhodesian Bush War, which abolished the predecessor state of Rhodesia that was established in 1965. Initial establishment in the 13th century.
July 7, 1980  United Kingdom and  France  Vanuatu Joined the UN in 1981.
September 21, 1981  United Kingdom  Belize In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
November 1, 1981  Antigua and Barbuda In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
September 19, 1983  Saint Kitts and Nevis In personal union with the UK and many other countries.
November 15, 1983  Cyprus  Northern Cyprus[3] Largely unrecognized.
January 1, 1984  United Kingdom  Brunei Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial establishment in 1368.
September 30, 1989 Senegambia  Gambia Initial independence in 1965 from British rule, but would remain in personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1970.
 Senegal Initial independence in 1960 from  Mali.
March 11, 1990  Soviet Union  Lithuania Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1236. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
March 21, 1990  South Africa  Namibia Joined the UN on April 23.
May 4, 1990  Soviet Union  Latvia Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
May 8, 1990  Estonia Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
December 22, 1990  United States  Marshall Islands In free association with the United States.
 Micronesia In free association with the United States.
April 9, 1991  Soviet Union Georgia Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 302 BC. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
May 18, 1991  Somalia  Somaliland[3] Largely unrecognized. Independence restored after unification with Somalia. Initial independence from the United Kingdom in 1960.
May 29, 1991  Ethiopia  Eritrea Unrecognized by Ethiopia until 1993.
June 25, 1991  Yugoslavia  Croatia Independence restored after Hungarian, Habsburg, and Yugoslav rule. Initial establishment in the 7th century.
 Slovenia Independence secured on July 7 after victory in Ten-Day War.
August 24, 1991  Soviet Union Ukraine Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1649. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
August 25, 1991 Belarus Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
August 27, 1991  Moldova Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1346. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
August 31, 1991  Kyrgyzstan Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
September 1, 1991  Uzbekistan Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
September 9, 1991  Tajikistan Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
September 17, 1991  Yugoslavia North Macedonia Originally named Macedonia until 2019.
September 21, 1991  Soviet Union  Armenia Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 331 BC. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
October 18, 1991  Azerbaijan Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
October 27, 1991  Turkmenistan Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
November 5, 1991 Transnistria[3] Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. Largely unrecognized.
December 16, 1991  Kazakhstan Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1465. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
December 21, 1991 Georgia  South Ossetia[3] Restoration of independence after Georgian, Russian, and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in the late 9th century. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. Largely unrecognized.

Post–Cold War

Date Previous entity Newly independent entity Event
March 6, 1992  Yugoslavia Bosnia and Herzegovina Restoration of independence after Ottoman, Habsburg, Yugoslav, and Croatian rule. Initial establishment in 1154.
May 19, 1992  Iraq  Kurdistan[4] Largely unrecognized.
July 23, 1992 Georgia  Abkhazia[3] Restoration of independence after Georgian, Russian, and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 778. Largely unrecognized.
January 1, 1993  Czechoslovakia  Czechia Dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Initial establishment in 870.
 Slovakia Dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Initial establishment in 1939.
October 1, 1994  United States  Palau In free association with the United States.
May 20, 2002  Indonesia  Timor-Leste Independence restored after Indonesian occupation. Initial independence in 1975.
June 3, 2006  Serbia and Montenegro  Montenegro Independence restored after Yugoslav union. Initial establishment in 1516.
 Serbia Independence restored after Yugoslav union. Initial establishment in 780.
June 14, 2007  Israel and  Palestine  Gaza[4] Effectively operating as a separate state since Hamas takeover of government. Largely unrecognized. Initial establishment in 15th century BC.
February 17, 2008  Serbia  Kosovo[3] Previously existed from 1991-2000 as a proto-state,  Kosova. Partially unrecognized.
August 20, 2010  Myanmar Wa State[4] Largely unrecognized.
July 9, 2011  Sudan  South Sudan Most recently recognized sovereign nation and 193rd UN member.
September 21, 2014  Yemen Houthi Yemen[4] Effectively operating as a separate state since Houthis takeover of government. Largely unrecognized.
March 17, 2016  Syria  Rojava[3] Largely unrecognized.
October 1, 2017  Cameroon  Ambazonia[3] Largely unrecognized.
December 6, 2023  Myanmar  Chinland[4] Largely unrecognized.
April 1, 2024  Somalia  Puntland[4] Largely unrecognized.

Timeline of states established by means other than declaring independence

Date Previous entity Newly established entity Event
December 5, 539 Yamatai, Kununokuni, Nakoku, and other small Japanese states  Japan Origins of the Japanese state are largely unknown. Traditional foundation date by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. Emperor Kinmei is largely considered to be the earliest historically attested non-legendary emperor of Japan, began his reign c. 539 AD.
January 19, 1479 Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon Spain Exactly when Spain was united is debated, the date given here is when Ferdinand II of Aragon, husband to Isabella I of Castile, ascended to the Aragonese throne and the Catholic Monarchs began to govern Spain as a de facto single realm. Legally, Castile and Aragon maintained separate institutions until the Nueva Planta Decrees issued between 1707 and 1716, and Navarre maintained separate institutions until 1841.
September 29, 1768 Gorkha Kingdom and 29 small Nepalese kingdoms    Nepal Prithvi Narayan Shah declares the establishment of the Kingdom of Nepal. Unification campaign continues to 1795 with the annexation of the Kingdom of Mustan. Subject to a de facto British protectorate from 1816 to 1923.
March 15, 1776 Kingdoms of Thonburi, Phimai, Phitsanulok, Sawangkhaburi, and Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand Completion of the reunification of Siam by Taksin the Great. Initial establishment in 1238.
January 1, 1801 Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland United Kingdom Acts of Union 1800 come into effect. Southern Ireland secedes in 1922.
January 14, 1814 Denmark–Norway  Denmark Treaty of Kiel which ceded Norway to Sweden after Denmark lost the War of the Sixth Coalition. Iceland would gain independence in 1918. Initial establishment in 936.
October 26, 1820 North Haiti and South Haiti Haiti Haiti reunified after division following the death of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Initial independence from France declared in 1804.
January 24, 1859 Moldavia and Wallachia Romania Ottoman vassal until 1877. Transylvania and Bukovina would be annexed in 1918.
March 17, 1861 Kingdom of Sardinia, United Provinces of Central Italy and Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Kingdom of Italy Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy by Law No. 4761 of 1861. Venetia would be annexed in 1866, and Rome would be captured in 1870.
December 17, 1907 Provinces of Trongsa, Paro, Punakha, Wangdue Phodrang, Daga, Bumthang, Thimphu, Kurtoed, and Kurmaed Bhutan Reunification of Bhutan under King Ugyen Wangchuck following centuries of civil wars resulting from power struggles created by the traditional diarchy. Subject to a de facto British protectorate from 1910 to 1947, and a de facto Indian protectorate from 1947 to 1971. Initial independence declared from Tibet in 1616.
October 29, 1923 Ottoman Empire Turkey Declaration of the Republic of Turkey, superseding the previous Ottoman state. Hatay would be annexed in 1939.
December 22, 1932 Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and Idrisid Emirate of Asir Saudi Arabia Abolition of the dual monarchy of Nejd and Hejaz, which is superseded by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
October 25, 1945  Republic of China  Taiwan[3] Handover of Formosa on Retrocession Day by the Japanese Empire to the Republic of China, which has ruled the island ever since, having been exiled from the mainland after losing the Chinese Civil War. Largely unrecognized.
September 16, 1963 Malaya, Sarawak, Sabah and Singapore  Malaysia Merger of three former British colonies into a single federation by the Malaysia Agreement.  Singapore would leave the union in 1965.
April 26, 1964 Tanganyika (1961–1964) and Zanzibar Tanzania Creation of Tanzania, whose name is a portmanteau of "Tan" from Tanganyika and "Zan" from Zanzibar, which was mutually accepted by both the Nyerere government and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar.
July 2, 1976  North Vietnam and  South Vietnam  Vietnam Reunified following the Vietnam War. The communist-led Democratic Republic of Vietnam declared independence in 1945. The anti-communist State of Vietnam was granted nominal independence in 1949. Initial establishment in 2879 BC.
May 22, 1990  North Yemen and  South Yemen  Yemen Yemeni unification following colonial-era division between  Kingdom of Yemen and Aden Protectorate. Initial establishment in 110 BC.
October 3, 1990  East Germany and  West Germany  Germany Germany reunified after Cold War-era division. Initial unification in 1871.
December 25, 1991  Soviet Union Russia Supersedes the Soviet Union under international law, although the Russian SFSR declared indepndence on December 12. Initial establishment in 1547.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b UN observer state.
  2. ^ a b Eligible for UN membership.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Not a UN member state, but partially recognized anyway.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Not a UN member state, with no formal recognition.
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