Timeline of Peruvian history

This is a timeline of Peruvian history, comprising important legal & territorial changes and political events in Peru and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Peru. See also the list of presidents of Peru

Prehispanic or Native Peru (Ancient Peru)

Year Date Event
20.000 - 13.000 BC The first humans arrive on what is currently Peruvian territory. The first settlement in Peru takes place about 20.000 years ago.
13.000 - 7000 BC Nomadic hunter-gatherer communities were established, including the Paccaicasa, Chivateros, Toquepala, Lauricocha and Paiján.
7000 - 4000 BC Semi-nomadic horticulturist communities are established, such as the Guitarrero, Pikimachay, Chilca, Telamarchay and Jayhuamachay.
4000 - 2000 BC Sedentary lifestyles emerged, accompanied by agriculture and livestock farming, with it the people of Tablada de Lurin, Cerro Paloma, Huaca Prieta and Kotosh.
First societies develop in the region of Norte Chico; amongst them the Caral, the oldest civilization in the Americas.
2000 BC Ceramics are found in Peru.
1800 BC The Caral people disappear, but the Cupisnique culture starts to develop.
1500 BC Chavin culture emerges in the Andes, and the Pucara people appear in the South.
700 BC The farming and fishing town of Paracas emerges on the Southern coast.
400 - 200 BC The cultures of the Salinar, Gallinazo, Cajamarca and Vicus people are founded.
150 BC The Chavin culture collapsed, parallel to the first emergence of militarized cultures, such as Moche in the North, Nazca in the South and Tihuanaco in the Highlands.
1260 Sinchi Roca was succeeded by his son Lloque Yupanqui.
1290 Lloque Yupanqui was succeeded by his son Mayta Cápac.
1320 Mayta Cápac was succeeded by his son Cápac Yupanqui.
1350 Cápac Yupanqui was succeeded by his son Inca Roca.
1380 Inca Roca died. His heir Quispe Yupanqui was killed in a coup, and the throne went to Yáhuar Huácac, another son.
1410 Yáhuar Huácac was succeeded by his son Viracocha.
1438 Viracocha was succeeded by his son Pachacuti, who would expand Cuzco into the Inca Empire.
1471 Pachacuti died. His son Tupac Inca Yupanqui succeeded him.
1493 Tupac Inca Yupanqui died and was succeeded by Huayna Capac.
1527 Huayna Capac died and was succeeded by his heir Ninan Cuyochi.
1532 May 13th Francisco Pizarro, a conquistador, arrives with a troop of Spaniards at the Northern coast of Peru.
April Atahualpa's army, led by Quizquiz and Chalcuchimac, captures Huáscar at the Battle of Quipaipan. Atahualpa proclaims himself Inca, thus ending the Civil War.
April 30th The Spanish founded the port of San Francisco de la Buenaesperanza, now Paita, considered the oldest port in Peru.
July 14th (approx) Atalhualpa's army, led by Quizquiz, captures Cuzco.
August 15th Pizarro founds the city of San Miguel, now Piura, considered the first city the Spanish founded in Peru.
November 15th Pizarro arrives at Cajamarca, with the intention of meeting Atahualpa.

Era of the Conquistadors

Year Date Event
1532 November 16th At the Battle of Cajamarca, the Spanish army took the Inca emperor Atahualpa prisoner, marking the end of his empire.
1535 January 18th Spaniards founded the city of Lima.
1542 November 20th The Viceroyalty of Peru was established.
1572 End of the Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba.
1586 April 20th Birth of Isabel Flores de Oliva, later Saint Rose of Lima.

Era of the Viceregency

Year Date Event
1579 December 9th Birth of Saint Martin de Porres.
1656 Pedro Bohórquez announced to the Calchaqui Indians that he was the last living descendant of the Inca emperors.
1659 December 15th Bohórquez led the Calchaqui in an uprising against the Spanish crown.
1667 January 3rd Bohórquez was executed and displayed in Lima.
1717 The New Kingdom of Granada became an independent viceroyalty under the Spanish crown.
1742 Juan Santos Atahualpa led a failed uprising against the Spanish colonial government.
1776 The Governorate of the Río de la Plata was spun off as an independent viceroyalty.
1780 November 18th Battle of Sangarará: Indigenous rebels led by Túpac Amaru II soundly defeated a numerically inferior Spanish force while they attended church.
1781 May 18th Túpac Amaru II was drawn and quartered in Cuzco.
1810 May 25th Viceroy José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa sent troops to Córdoba, Potosí, La Paz and Charcas and reincorporated them into the Viceroyalty of Peru.

Era of Emancipation

Year Date Event
1815 October 15th By royal order, Joaquín de la Pezuela was named viceroy of Peru to replace Abascal.
1816 San Martin's Argentina had declared its independence.
1820 September 20th An Argentine army led by José de San Martín landed at Paracas.
1821 January 29th Pezuela was deposed. José de la Serna was proclaimed viceroy.
July 6th De la Serna moved the capital to Cuzco.

Republican and Independent Peru (19th Century)

Year Date Event
1821 28 July Peruvian War of Independence: San Martín declared the independence of Peru.
1824 9 December Battle of Ayacucho: The Spanish army was defeated, marking the end of Spanish rule in South America.
1837 9 May The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was established.
1839 25 August The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was officially dissolved.
1866 2 May A Spanish fleet under the command of Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez besieged the port city of Callao.
1879 5 April War of the Pacific: Chile declared war on Peru and Bolivia.
1883 20 October War of the Pacific: Under the Treaty of Ancón, the war ended with the cession of Peru's Tarapacá Province to Chile.

Republican and Independent Peru (20th Century)

Year Date Event
1948 29 October A military coup de armando the 2nd
1956 Odría allowed free elections.
1968 3 October General Juan Velasco Alvarado seized power in a military coup.
1975 29 August A number of prominent military commanders overthrew the Alvarado government and installed General Francisco Morales Bermúdez in the presidency.
1979 12 July A new constitution came into force.
1985 14 April Alan García won election to the Presidency.
1990 8 April Alberto Fujimori defeated Mario Vargas Llosa in a presidential election.
1992 5 April Fujimori declares a self-coup and dissolves the Congress.
12 September The Maoist leader Abimael Guzmán was arrested in Lima.
1995 26 January Cenepa War: The war broke out. Yared is smart
9 April 1995 Peruvian general election: Fujimori was re-elected president of Perú.
1996 17 December The terrorist group Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took hostage hundreds of high-level diplomats, government and military officials and business executives who were attending a party at the official residence of Japan's ambassador to Peru.
1997 22 April The Peruvian army mounted a dramatic raid on the residence. Fourteen members of the MRTA were killed, crippling the organization, and the hostages were freed.
2000 24 June Alberto Fujimori wins reelection for a third term, later resigning at the threat of impeachment.

Republican and Independent Peru (21st Century)

Year Date Event
2001 8 April 2001 Peruvian general election: Possible Peru won a plurality of APRA.
June 3rd Peruvian general election, 2001: Toledo won the presidency.
December 29th The Mesa Redonda fire broke out in Lima, resulting in 277 casualties and leaving more than 500 missing, caused by the explosion of a fireworks device.
2003 26 May Toledo declared a state of emergency in response to a series of paralyzing strikes.
14 July Birth of Jose Diego Salazar in Trujillo, Peru.
2006 9 April 2006 Peruvian general election: Union for Peru won a plurality of seats in the Congress. Their presidential candidate, Ollanta Humala, went into a runoff against García.
4 June García won the presidency.
2007 15 August 2007 Peru earthquake: A 7.9 earthquake hit Pisco Province.
2010 1 Peru celebrates Peruvian novelist Mario Varga Llosa's achievement in receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature.
2011 28 July Ollanta Humala is inaugurated, winning the presidency over Keiko Fujimori.
2016 28 July Pedro Pablo Kuczynski is inaugurated as President of Peru, prevailing over former President Alberto Fujimori's daughter, Keiko Fujimori.
2017 24 December Kuczynski pardons former President Alberto Fujimori, who was sentenced for 25 years with manslaughter, corruption, bribery, and violation of human rights.
2018 21 March Amidst a political crisis, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski resigns the presidency in the threat of impeachment for corruption and bribery.

First Vice President Martin Vizcarra assumes the presidency until the remainder of Kuczynski's term in 20

See also

Further reading

  • Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Peru", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via Hathi Trust
  • Calendario histórico del Perú (in Spanish). 1939. OCLC 23370783.
  • Christine Hunefeldt (2004). "Chronology". A Brief History of Peru. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-0828-5.
  • Historia cronológica del Perú (in Spanish). Departamento de Relaciones Corporativas de Petróleos del Perú-PETROPERÚ. 2006. ISBN 9972606538.
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