Stefan II Crnojević

Not to be confused with Stefan Crnojević.
Stefan II Crnojević
Lord of Zeta
Coat of arms
Reign1496–1499
PredecessorĐurađ Crnojević
Successorpost abolished
Born1469[1]
Died1499
Scutari, Sanjak of Scutari, Ottoman Empire (modern day Albania
Noble familyCrnojević
Spouseunknown noblewoman
IssueIvan (Giovanni) II Crnojević
FatherIvan Crnojević
MotherVoisava Arianiti

Stefan Crnojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Црнојевић, 1469–1499), or Stephen II[2] was a nominal ruler of the Principality of Zeta between 1496 and 1499.

Conspiring with Ottomans against Đurađ

Until 1496, the ruler of Zeta had been Stefan's older brother Đurađ Crnojević, who maintained frequent correspondence with other Christian feudal states with intention to establish an anti-Ottoman coalition. When his brother Stefan betrayed him to the Ottomans in 1496,[3] Đurađ proposed to accept Ottoman suzerainty under Feriz Beg, if they accepted to recognize him as governor in Zeta. Feriz Beg refused the proposal and invited Đurađ to either come to Scutari to clarify his anti-Ottoman activities, or to flee Zeta. When Feriz Beg attacked Zeta with strong forces in 1496, Đurađ decided to flee to the Republic of Venice.[4]

Lord of Zeta

Stefan remained in Zeta hoping that the Ottomans would accept his suzerainty, but they only used him in order to easier gain control over his domains.[5] Stefan was lord of Zeta only nominally, while Ottomans collected taxes from its population.[6] In 1497 Feriz Beg captured Grbalj and put it under his effective military control, although it was still part of Zeta governed by Stefan Crnojević.[7] In 1499 Feriz Beg formally annexed Zeta to the territory of his Sanjak of Scutari,[7][4] after he became suspicious toward Stefan because of his contacts with Venice. Feriz Beg then invited Stefan Crnojević to Scutari, where he had him imprisoned. Stefan probably died in prison since he was never mentioned again in historical sources.[8] According to some authors, after his brother had fled Zeta, Stefan was only an Ottoman spahi, who in 1499 went to Hilandar and became a monk, taking the monastic name Marko.[9]

Private life

Nothing is known of Stefan’s marraige; he presumably led a quiet life. Some sources indicate that he remained unmarried, while others suggest that he had a son, Ivan (Giovanni) II, who succeeded him after his death in 1498 and held a position of vassal, largely nominal authority until 1515. Based on these sources, his son was married to the Venetian noblewoman Caterina Orio and had a son, Đurađ V (Giorgio V), who succeeded him and continued this nominal rule from 1515 to 1516. Becoming a noble of Venice, he moved to Venice in 1516 at the urging of his wife, Catarina Doria, who wished to enjoy the luxurious pleasures of Venice and made her husband dislike the harsh life in Montenegro.[10]

Family tree

References

  1. ^ Lovrenović 2005, p. 94.
  2. ^ John Bagnell Bury (1923). The Cambridge medieval history. University Press. p. 587. Meanwhile, Montenegro was governed by Stephen II till 1499
  3. ^ društvo 1935, p. 194.
  4. ^ a b Jovanović 1947, p. 52.
  5. ^ Gavrilović 1981, p. 429.
  6. ^ Glasnik 1969, p. 31.
  7. ^ a b Pavle S. Radusinović 1978, p. 44.
  8. ^ Марковић 1969, p. 154.
  9. ^ Kalezić 2002, p. 2083.
  10. ^ https://archive.org/details/geschichtevonmo01gopgoog/mode/2up

Sources

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