Sphingobacterium spiritivorum
| Sphingobacterium spiritivorum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Pseudomonadati |
| Phylum: | Bacteroidota |
| Class: | Sphingobacteriia |
| Order: | Sphingobacteriales |
| Family: | Sphingobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Sphingobacterium |
| Species: | S. spiritivorum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Sphingobacterium spiritivorum (Holmes et al. 1982) Yabuuchi et al. 1983
| |
Spingobacterium spiritivorum is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, and is a member of the phylum Bacteroidota.[1] It is aerobic, non-motile, and non-spore-producing.[2] It is positive for catalase, oxidase, and urease, and produces yellow colonies on blood agar plates.[1] S. spiritivorum is commonly isolated from soil and water.[3] S. spiritivorum was initially identified as a Flavobacterium,[1] but the genus name Sphingobacterium was later proposed due to its high numbers of sphingophospholipids in the cell wall, differentiating it from Flavobacterium.[2]
Associations with infection
S. spiritivorum associated infections are rare, there are only a limited number of cases of Sphingobacterium spiritivorum bacteremia and S. spiritivorum associated infections.[4] S. spiritivorum and S. multivorum are the only Sphingobacterium which have been isolated from human clinical specimens.[5] S. spiritivorum is commonly identified through blood and urine.
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum infections, while rare, are most commonly associated with cellulitis and septicemia. Though is has also been associated with scrub typhus, post-keratoplasty keratitis, and extrinsic allergic alveolitis[6] among other complications, procedures, and infections.[7][8]
Bioremediation
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum has also been used in the bioremediation of benzo(a)pyrene and phenanthrene contaminated soils though there is limited research surrounding the biodegradation of soil contaminants.[9][10]
References
- ^ a b c Holmes, B.; Owen, R. J.; Hollis, D. G. (1982). "Flavobacterium spiritivorum, a New Species Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 32 (2): 157–165. doi:10.1099/00207713-32-2-157. ISSN 1466-5034.
- ^ a b Yabuuchi, Eiko; Kaneko, Takichi; Yano, Ikuya; Moss, C. Wayne; Miyoshi, Noriko (1983). "Sphingobacterium gen. nov., Sphingobacterium spiritivorum comb. nov., Sphingobacterium multivorum comb. nov., Sphingobacterium mizutae sp. nov., and Flavobacterium indologenes sp. nov.: Glucose-Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Rods in CDC Groups IIK-2 and IIb". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 33 (3): 580–598. doi:10.1099/00207713-33-3-580. ISSN 1466-5034.
- ^ Hibi, Arata; Kumano, Yuka (2017-09-30). "Sphingobacterium spiritivorum bacteremia due to cellulitis in an elderly man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 11 (1): 277. doi:10.1186/s13256-017-1445-6. ISSN 1752-1947. PMC 5622497. PMID 28962584.
- ^ Koh, Young Rae; Kim, Shine Young; Chang, Chulhun L.; Shin, Ho-Jin; Kim, Kye-Hyung; Yi, Jongyoun (2013-07-01). "The First Korean Case of Sphingobacterium spiritivorum Bacteremia in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Annals of Laboratory Medicine. 33 (4): 283–287. doi:10.3343/alm.2013.33.4.283. PMC 3698308. PMID 23826566.
- ^ Gupta, Amit; Logan, Julie; Elhag, Nada; Almond, Mike (2016-04-18). "Sphingobacterium spiritivorum infection in a patient with end stage renal disease on haemodialysis". Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 15 (1): 25. doi:10.1186/s12941-016-0141-5. ISSN 1476-0711. PMC 4835858. PMID 27090094.
- ^ Kämpfer, Peter; Engelhart, S.; Rolke, M.; Sennekamp, J. (September 2005). "Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis) Caused by Sphingobacterium spiritivorum from the Water Reservoir of a Steam Iron". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 43 (9): 4908–4910. doi:10.1128/jcm.43.9.4908-4910.2005. PMC 1234114. PMID 16145174.
- ^ Anthony, Jonathan M.; Verma, Rajanshu (2016-05-09). "Sphingobacterium spiritivorum septicaemia associated with cellulitis in a patient with Parkinson's disease". Case Reports. 2016: bcr2016215319. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-215319. ISSN 1757-790X. PMC 4885334. PMID 27161206.
- ^ Echefu, Gift; Mahat, Rameela; Katragadda, Silpita; Reddy, Karthik; Echefu, Gift; Mahat, Rameela; Katragadda, Silpita; Reddy, Karthik (2022-06-17). "Sphingobacterium Spritivorum Associated With Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in a Cirrhotic Patient With Gram-Positive Bacteremia". Cureus. 14 (6) e26053. doi:10.7759/cureus.26053. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 9289197. PMID 35865420.
- ^ Alias, Salina; Omar, Megawati; Hussain, Noor Hana; Mohd-Kamil, Nor Amani Filzah; Abdul-Talib, Suhaimi (2022-10-01). "Kinetics of Benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation and bacterial growth in sandy soil by Sphingobacterium spiritovorum". Heliyon. 8 (10) e10799. Bibcode:2022Heliy...810799A. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10799. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 9547208. PMID 36217485.
- ^ Mohd-Kamil, Nor-Amani-Filzah; Hussain, Noor-Hana; Mizad, Meizareena Binti; Abdul-Talib, Suhaimi (2014). "Enhancing Performance of Sphingobacterium spiritivorum in Bioremediation Phenanthrene Contaminated Sand". Remediation Journal. 24 (3): 119–128. Bibcode:2014RemJ...24c.119M. doi:10.1002/rem.21398. ISSN 1520-6831.