Nuphar advena
| Nuphar advena | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Nymphaeales |
| Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
| Genus: | Nuphar |
| Section: | Nuphar sect. Astylus |
| Species: | N. advena
|
| Binomial name | |
| Nuphar advena | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
List
| |
Nuphar advena (spatterdock or cow lily or yellow pond-lily) is a species of Nuphar native throughout the eastern United States and in some parts of Canada, as well as Mexico and Cuba. It is locally naturalized in Britain.
Description
Nuphar advena is a perennial, aquatic herb[3] with spongy rhizomes[4] that are 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) wide.[5] The leaves are mostly emergent,[6][7][8] but can also be floating, or submersed.[7] The submerged leaves are 12–40 cm (4+1⁄2–15+1⁄2 in) long and 7–30 cm (3–12 in) wide.[9]
The flowers are protogynous, fragrant, nectariferous,[10] solitary,[7][4] yellow-green,[7] and up to 4 cm wide.[5] They float on the water surface or extend beyond it.[7] The flowers have six sepals[8][5] while the gynoecium consists of 9–23 carpels.[5] The fruit is fleshy,[9] ovoid to broadly obovate,[8] ribbed, green, and 2–5 cm long and wide.[5] It contains 186–353 seeds,[10] which are 3–6 mm long.[5]
Cytology
The chromosome count is 2n = 34.[11] The chloroplast genome is 160866 bp long.[12]
Taxonomy
It was first published as Nymphaea advena Aiton by William Aiton in 1789.[13][2][14] It was placed into the genus Nuphar Sm. as Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton published by William Townsend Aiton in 1811.[15][16] It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Astylus.[17]
Natural hybridisation
In the United Kingdom, it has hybridised with Nuphar lutea, resulting in the hybrid Nuphar × porphyranthera.[8][18]
Etymology
The specific epithet advena means immigrant,[19][9] outsider, foreigner, or stranger.[20]
Distribution and habitat
It is native to Canada (such as Nova Scotia),[5][21] the United States, Mexico, and Cuba.[3][2] It has been introduced to the United Kingdom.[3]
It occurs in ponds, lakes, streams, rivers,[6] marshes, and swamps.[7]
Ecology
The flowers are pollinated by sweat bees, syrphid flies, and leaf beetles.[10]
The seeds are eaten by turtles and waterfowl.[7]
The rootstocks are sometimes collected by muskrats.[22]
Conservation
The NatureServe conservation status is T5 Secure.[1]
Uses
The plant is used as food.[23][24][9] The dried seeds can be eaten or ground to flour.[23][24][22] Native Americans cooked the rootstocks and removed the rind to prepare the sweetish, glutinous contents in various ways.[22]
It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant.[25]
References
- ^ a b NatureServe. "Nuphar lutea subsp. advena". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- ^ a b c Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30043701-2
- ^ a b c Spatter-dock Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). PlantAtlas. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://plantatlas2020.org/atlas/2cd4p9h.gms
- ^ a b Wisconsin State Herbarium, UW-Madison. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4337
- ^ a b c d e f g "Nuphar advena in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
- ^ a b University of Michigan Herbarium. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena (Aiton) W. T. Aiton. Michigan Flora. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://michiganflora.net/record/1725
- ^ a b c d e f g Alabama Herbarium Consortium (AHC) & University of West Alabama. (n.d.). Nuphar advena. APA: Alabama Plant Atlas. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=2702
- ^ a b c d Lansdown, R., & Ruhsam, M. (2022). Yellow water lilies (Nuphar, Nymphaeaceae) in Great Britain: a new hybrid, a reappraisal of records, and a revised status of N. advena. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 79, 1-15.
- ^ a b c d Native Plant Trust. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena — immigrant pond-lily. Go Botany. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/nuphar/advena/
- ^ a b c Lippok, B., Gardine, A. A., Williamson, P. S., & Renner, S. S. (2000). Pollination by flies, bees, and beetles of Nuphar ozarkana and N. advena (Nymphaeaceae). American Journal of Botany, 87(6), 898-902.
- ^ Pellicer, J.; Kelly, L.J.; Magdalena, C.; Leitch, I.J. (August 2013). Bainard, Jillian (ed.). "Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies)". Genome. 56 (8): 437–449. doi:10.1139/gen-2013-0039. ISSN 0831-2796. PMID 24168627.
- ^ Gruenstaeudl, Michael; Nauheimer, Lars; Borsch, Thomas (November 2017). "Plastid genome structure and phylogenomics of Nymphaeales: conserved gene order and new insights into relationships". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 303 (9): 1251–1270. doi:10.1007/s00606-017-1436-5. ISSN 0378-2697.
- ^ Aiton, William, Bauer, Franz Andreas, Sowerby, James, Ehret, Georg Dionysius, & Nicol, George. (1789). Hortus Kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 2, Issue 13, p. 226). Printed for George Nicol, Bookseller to his Majesty. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4864646
- ^ Nymphaea advena Aiton. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/281429-2
- ^ Aiton, William, Aiton, William Townsend, & King’s College London. (1810). Hortus kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 3, p. 295). Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47853133
- ^ Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.-b). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/30043701-2
- ^ Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton. (n.d.). Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/6712
- ^ Nuphar × porphyranthera Lansdown & Ruhsam. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77317649-1
- ^ A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.-b). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from http://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=Advena
- ^ Hibbertia advena T.Hammer & Toelken. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77321192-1
- ^ "Nuphar advena". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ^ a b c Harrington, Harold David (1972). Western Edible Wild Plants. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 14–17. ISBN 978-0-8263-0218-2.
- ^ a b Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Spatterdock. (n.d.). Missouriplants. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.missouriplants.com/Nuphar_advena_page.html
- ^ a b Spatterdock | Nuphar advena. (n.d.). Mississippi State University. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/spatterdock-nuphar-advena
- ^ Nuphar advena (NUPLM). (n.d.). EPPO Global Database. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/NUPLM