Serra da Galga Formation

Serra da Galga Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
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Paleoartist's reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of the Serra da Galga Formation
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofBauru Group
OverliesUberaba Formation
Adamantina Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherMudstone, siltstone, limestone, paleosol
Location
Coordinates19°36′S 48°00′W / 19.6°S 48.0°W / -19.6; -48.0
Approximate paleocoordinates23°06′S 33°54′W / 23.1°S 33.9°W / -23.1; -33.9
RegionMinas Gerais
CountryBrazil
ExtentBauru Sub-basin, Paraná Basin
Type section
Named forSerra da Galga
Serra da Galga Formation (Brazil)

The Serra da Galga Formation is a geological formation in Minas Gerais state of southeastern Brazil. Its strata date back to the Maastrichtian, and are part of the Bauru Group.[1] It was originally considered a member of the Marília Formation.[2]

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[3]

Geology

The Serra da Galga formation is interpreted as having been deposited under a hot, dry climate.[4] The formation is considered to be of a Late Maastrichtian age.[4][5][6]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Crurotarsans

Crocodylomorphs of the Serra da Galga Formation
Genus Species Location Materials Notes Images
Itasuchus I. jesuinoi Area 2 A skull Basal notosuchian[7]
Labidiosuchus L. amicum Serra do Veadinho, Area 2 An incomplete lower jaw with the anterior part of the dentary complete, lacking most of the right mandibular ramus and the end of the left mandibular ramus A notosuchian with bizarre dentition[8]
Peirosaurus P. torminni Area 2 A fragmented skull and partial postcranial skeleton A peirosaurid[7]
Uberabasuchus U. terrificus Serra do Veadinho, Area 2 A peirosaurid[7]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Dinosaurs

Three distinct titanosaurids denoted as forms A, B, and C have been found in Area 4. Titanosaurine remains are known from Areas 1 and 2. Indeterminate theropod remains known from Area 1. Indeterminate maniraptor remains known from Area 1. Indeterminate abelisaurid remains are known from Areas 1 and 2.[7] Enantiornithines have also been recovered.[9] An indeterminate abelisauroid tibia, potentially referrable to noasauridae, is known as well.[10]


Sauropods

Sauropods of the Serra da Galga Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Aeolosaurus[7] Indeterminate A titanosaurian[7]
Baurutitan B. britoi Area 1 A titanosaurian[7]
Caieiria C. allocaudata Caieira Caudal vetebra A titanosaurian[11]
Titanosauria indet. BR-050 Km 153-153.5, Ponto 1 Isolate teeth.[12] Three morphotypes; one is one of the largest known titanosaurs and two are possible juveniles.[12]
Trigonosaurus T. pricei Area 1 A titanosaurian,[7] possibly synonymous with Baurutitan.[11]
Uberabatitan[4] U. ribeiroi Several postcranial elements A titanosaurian[7]

Theropods

Theropods of the Serra da Galga Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Abelisauridae indet.[13][14] Indeterminate Isolated teeth Several abelisaurid teeth of varying sizes and morphologies
Abelisauroidea indet. Indeterminate A tibia[10] An indeterminate abelisauroid specimen, possibly belonging to a new taxon
"Lopasaurus"[15] None given An incomplete right metatarsus A dromaeosaurid. The holotype went missing shortly after 1980, and it has not been recovered since[15]
Ypupiara[15] Y. lopai A right maxilla and dentary (which was associated with a fish jaw) A unenlagiinae paravian[15]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Serra da Galga Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Galgadraco[16] G. zephyrius Serra da Galga Geosite A fragment of the upper beak An azhdarchid pterosaur; the first pterosaur described from the Bauru Group

See also

References

  1. ^ "Marília Formation". Fossilworks.org.
  2. ^ Marcus Vinícius Theodoro Soares; Giorgio Basilici; Thiago da Silva Marinho; Agustín Guillermo Martinelli; André Marconato; Nigel Philip Mountney; Luca Colombera; Áquila Ferreira Mesquita; Julia Tucker Vasques; Francisco Romero Abrantes Junior; Luiz Carlos Borges Ribeiro (2021). "Sedimentology of a distributive fluvial system: The Serra da Galga Formation, a new lithostratigraphic unit (Upper Cretaceous, Bauru Basin, Brazil)". Geological Journal. 56 (2): 951–975. Bibcode:2021GeolJ..56..951S. doi:10.1002/gj.3987.
  3. ^ Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka, eds. (2004). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 600–604. doi:10.1525/california/9780520242098.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-520-24209-8. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1pn61w. OCLC 801843269.
  4. ^ a b c Salgado, Leonardo; De Souza Carvalho, Ismar (July 2008). "Uberabatitan ribeiroi, a new Titanosaur from the Marília Formation (bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil". Palaeontology. 51 (4): 881–901. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..881S. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00781.x.
  5. ^ Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Navarro, Bruno A.; Marinho, Thiago S.; Pêgas, R. Vargas (September 2025). "The first pterosaur from the Bauru Group: an azhdarchid from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil". Papers in Palaeontology. 11 (5) e70039. doi:10.1002/spp2.70039.
  6. ^ Oliveira, Fábio Antônio de; Santucci, Rodrigo Miloni (November 2020). "Palynological analysis of coprolites from the Marília Formation, Bauru Group (Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 115 104545. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11504545O. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104545.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Candeiro, Carlos Roberto A. (June 2009). "Vertebrates of the Marilia Formation (Late Maastrichtian) from the Peiropolis paleontological site: toward a better understanding". Earth Sciences Research Journal. 13 (1): 6–15. OCLC 7181137894. Gale A328852304 ProQuest 1677639914.
  8. ^ Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Figueiredo, Rodrigo G.; Azevedo, Sergio A. K.; Campos, Diogenes A. (December 2011). "A new cretaceous notosuchian (Mesoeucrocodylia) with bizarre dentition from Brazil". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163: S109 – S115. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00711.x. OCLC 5151581475.
  9. ^ Candeiro, Carlos Roberto A.; Agnolin, Federico; Martinelli, Agustín G.; Buckup, Paulo Andreas (September 2012). "First bird remains from the Upper Cretaceous of the Peirópolis site, Minas Gerais state, Brazil". Geodiversitas. 34 (3): 617–624. Bibcode:2012Geodv..34..617C. doi:10.5252/g2012n3a8.
  10. ^ a b Machado, Elaine B.; Campos, Diogenes de A.; Calvo, Jorge O.; Kellner, Alexander W. A. (2013). "A new Abelisauroid from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil". Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas. 30 (2): 446–452.
  11. ^ a b Silva Junior JC, Martinelli AG, Marinho TS, da Silva JI, Langer MC (2022). "New specimens of Baurutitan britoi and a taxonomic reassessment of the titanosaur dinosaur fauna (Sauropoda) from the Serra da Galga Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Brazil". PeerJ. 10 e14333. doi:10.7717/peerj.14333. PMC 9673870. PMID 36405026.
  12. ^ a b Silva Junior, Julian C.G.; Marinho, Thiago S.; Martinelli, Agustín G.; Ribeiro, Luiz C.B.; Langer, Max C. (November 2023). "The largest known titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) tooth and other isolated dental elements from the Serra da Galga Formation (Upper Cretaceous of Southeast Brazil)". Cretaceous Research. 151 105656. Bibcode:2023CrRes.15105656S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105656.
  13. ^ Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio; Rodrigues, Sabrina Coelho; Buck, Pedro Victor (January 2024). "A new geographical record of Abelisauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) for the Bauru Group (Upper Cretaceous)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 133 104722. Bibcode:2024JSAES.13304722G. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104722.
  14. ^ Carlos Roberto A., Candeiro; Currie, Philip J.; Bergqvist, Lílian P. (June 2012). "Theropod teeth from the Marília Formation (late Maastrichtian) at the paleontological site of Peirópolis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Geociências. 42 (2): 323–330. doi:10.5327/Z0375-75362012000200008 (inactive 28 October 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
  15. ^ a b c d Brum, Arthur S.; Pêgas, Rodrigo V.; Bandeira, Kamila L. N.; Souza, Lucy G.; Campos, Diogenes A.; Kellner, Alexander W. A. (November 2021). "A new unenlagiine (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (4): 2075–2099. Bibcode:2021PPal....7.2075B. doi:10.1002/spp2.1375.
  16. ^ Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Navarro, Bruno A.; Marinho, Thiago S.; Pêgas, R. Vargas (September 2025). "The first pterosaur from the Bauru Group: an azhdarchid from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil". Papers in Palaeontology. 11 (5) e70039. doi:10.1002/spp2.70039.
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