Sanri Sanfukugen

Sanri Sanfukugen
三理三腹元
TypeTenrikyo-derived Japanese new religion
ScriptureOfudesaki, Mikagura-uta
LanguageJapanese
HeadquartersKagawa Prefecture, Japan
FounderIshiishikawa Komakichi (石々川駒吉)
Origin1936
Fuse, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
Branched fromTenri Sanrinkō

Sanri Sanfukugen (Japanese: 三理三腹元) was a Tenrikyo-based shinshūkyō (Japanese new religion) founded by Ishiishikawa Komakichi (石々川駒吉) in 1936. It was formed as a splinter religious organization from Tenri Sanrinkō.[1]

History

Foundation

Sanri Sanfukugen, then called Tenri Sanfukugen (天理三腹元) at that time, was formed by the former follower of Tenri Sanrinkō, Ishiishikawa Komakichi, in Fuse (today's western part of Higashiōsaka) in March 1936 with his supporters who followed him.[2] Ishiishikawa being the founder of his own independent religious organization had a different doctrinal interpretation from the one in Tenri Sanrinkō. Tenri Sanfukugen moved its headquarters to Kagawa Prefecture on 23 November 1936[3][4] as well as managed the formation and growth of it by his followers who served as the organization's executives. One of the prominent executives was Yamamoto Eizaburō (山本栄三郎).[1] Afterwards Ishiishikawa's terms of address within his own religious organization became Oyasama (親様) and Shinbashira (真柱) on 25 February 1937 after a consultative meeting.[n 1][5] His spiritual title based on the lineage of Honmichi and Tenri Sanrinkō was also Kanrodai (甘露台).[6] Later near the end of 1937, the name of Ishiishikawa's religious organization, Tenri Sanfukugen, was changed to Sanri Sanfukugen.[7]

Demise

Ishiishikawa Komakichi died on 9 August 1939[8] with the duration of leadership lasting three years. His successor was Yamamoto Eizaburō. Sanri Sanfukugen under Yamamoto Eizaburō was persecuted by the state under the Peace Preservation Law for lèse-majesté on doctrinal ground.[n 2][10][11] Even a similar religious organization such as Tenri Kami no Kuchiake Basho was also persecuted as well.[12] Sanri Sanfukugen was closed afterwards.

After its collapse, Yamamoto was imprisoned in Fuchū Prison until the end of the Pacific War.[13]

Doctrine

Sanri Sanfukugen utilized the doctrine of Three Staged Circumstance (三段事情, Sandan Jijō) that considered Ōnishi Aijirō to be the Tsukihi (月日), Katsu Hisano (the founder of Tenri Sanrinkō) to be the primordial form of Kanrodai, and Ishiishikawa Komakichi to be the true Kanrodai.[14]

Notes

  1. ^ Oyasama is the common name of Nakayama Miki, the founder of Tenrikyo]], by followers of Tenrikyo. On the other hand, Shinbashira is originally the term for the spiritual and administrative leader of Tenrikyo.
  2. ^ The Aichi Gakuin University School of Law covered the research on the persecution of Sanri Sanfukugen.[9]

Further reading

  • 社会運動の状況１１（昭和１４年） [The Situation of Social Movements 11 (Year 1939)] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Home Ministry Police Affairs Bureau (内務省警保局). 1972.

References

  1. ^ a b Inoue, Nobutaka, ed. (1996). 新宗教教団・人物亊典 [Dictionary of Organizations and Figures In New Religions] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Koubundou Publishers Inc. (弘文堂). p. xxix. ISBN 978-4335160288. ほんみち－天理三輪講教団系教団：　１９３３　勝ひさの　———　天理三輪講　／　１９３６　山本栄三郎・石々川駒吉　———　三理三腹元　（天理三腹元） [Relationship Chart of Honmichi-Tenri Sanrinkō-based Religious Organizations: 1933 Katsu Hisano ——— Tenri Sanrinkō / 1936 Yamamoto Eizaburō & Ishiishikawa Komakichi ——— Sanri Sanfukugen (Tenri Sanfukugen)]
  2. ^ Home Ministry Police Affairs Bureau "…昭和十一年三月大阪府布施市…で、尾山勘司、山本榮三郎等幹部數名と相談して…此の相談に基いた宗團組立の準備を進める傍ら…" [… in March 1936 in the city of Fuse (today's western part of Higashiōsaka), Osaka Prefecture, based on the consultation with executives such as Oyama Kanji, Yamamoto Eizaburō, etc., … the preparation of the establishment of the religious organization based on the [aforementioned] consulation …]
  3. ^ Home Ministry Police Affairs Bureau "…最後に昭和十一年十一月二十三日香川縣…に遷し、…" [… finally moved to Kagawa Prefecture on 23 November 1936, …]
  4. ^ 大本七十年史 [The Seventy Year History of Oomoto [Later Volumn]] (in Japanese). Kyoto Prefecture: Publishing Committee of The Seventy Year History of Oomoto (大本七十年史編纂会). 1964. p. 571. Sanri Sanfukugen (Kagawa Prefecture) [三理三腹元（香川県）]
  5. ^ Home Ministry Police Affairs Bureau "…昭和十二年二月二十五日郎ち舊正月十五日…幹部等と相談の上、自身を「親様」として眞柱とり、…" [… on 25 February 1937, i.e. koshōgatsu, … after a consultation with his executives, he (Ishiishikawa Komakichi) was granted with the titles, 'Oyasama' (親様) and Shinbashira (真柱) …]
  6. ^ Umehara (梅原), Masaki (正紀) [in Japanese]; Mizuno (水野), Yoshiyuki (義之) (1980). 秘儀と霊能の世界: 新宗教の底流をさぐる [The World of Secret Ceremonies & Psychic Capacities: Revealing the Underbelly of New Religions] (in Japanese). 紀尾井書房. p. 82. なお、天理三輪講からは米谷の創唱した神一条教のほかに「三理三腹元」を昭和十二年に輩出しているが、開祖となった石々川駒吉も甘露台と称しも甘露台と称していた。 [Also, other than Kami Ichijōkyō founded by Yonetani Kuni, Sanri Sanfukugen (三理三腹元) was organized as a separate sect from Tenri Sanrinkō in 1937, and its founder, Ishiishikawa Komakichi (石々川駒吉), bore the title, Kanrodai.]
  7. ^ Home Ministry Police Affairs Bureau "…（昭和十二年）…更に同年十一月頃之を「三理三腹元」と名前を變へ、…" [… (in 1937)… in addition changing the name [of the organization] to 'Sanri Sanfukugen' shortly after November of the same year, …]
  8. ^ Yumiyama, Tatsuya [in Japanese] (2000-09-27). 新宗教における分派分立の研究 : 天理教系教団をめぐって [Research on Sectarian Divisions of New Religions: Surrounding Tenrikyo-based Sects] (Thesis). Taisho University. 三理三腹元の石々川駒吉は昭和十四年(一九三九)五月二十七日に高松地方裁判所検事局に送られたが、同年八月九日に死去。 [Ishiishikawa Komakichi of Sanri Sanfukugen was sent to the Prosecutors' Office of the Regional Court in Takamatsu on 27 May 1939, but died in the same year on 9 August.]
  9. ^ "愛知学院大学法学部 > 宗教法制研究所 > 宗教法制研究所紀要 > 14号／天皇制と宗教（下）1972年（昭和47年）3月10日" [Aichi Gakuin University School of Law > Religious Legislation Institute > Religious Legislation Institute Bulletin > No.14 The Imperial System & Religions (Latter Part) / 10 March 1972]. Aichi Gakuin University (in Japanese). Nagoya.
  10. ^ Inoue, Nobutaka (2017). Japanese New Religions in the Age of Mass Media (PDF). Tokyo: Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics. pp. 70–71. The Criminal Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Justice began issuing a "Monthly intellectual gazette" (Shisō geppō) in July 1934. This publication included numerous articles on investigations of religious groups, and also reported on the procedures and findings of preliminary hearings in cases dealing with lèse-majesté and violations of the Peace Preservation Law. Beginning with a report on the investigation of the Shinkō Bukkyō Seinen Dōmei in 1936 (issue 28), the gazette would go on to detail investigations on Ōmoto, Tenrikyō, Honmichi, Shindō Tenkōkyo, Hitonomichi, Tōdaisha, and Amatsukyō. Reports of trials can be found beginning in issue 40 (1937) with details of the lèse-majesté case against Amatsukyō; they continued with reports on trials involving Sanri Sanfukugen …
  11. ^ Home Ministry Police Affairs Bureau "…先づ其の國の観念を抱き亂し、萬世一系の天皇は宇宙の創造神である月日雨神の意思に據られず、神國日本を儘にせられて居るから神様が怒って居る、…結社「天理三腹講」の組立を完成してから、…" [… first of all, [people] confused by ideas of this country (Japan), the Emperor of Japan in unbroken line defied the intention of the creator deity of the universe, Tsukihi-Ame-no-Kami, and God was angry due to Japan, the country of kami, being left to its own devices, … the formation of the society called 'Tenri Sanfukugen' became complete, …]
  12. ^ Inoue, Nobutaka. 新宗教の解読 [The Decipherment of New Religions] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō. p. 105. ISBN 978-4480051813. 裁判報告は、四〇号(一九三七年)の天津教の不敬事件関係に始まって、三理三腹元、天理神之口明場所、灯台社、御先神教、忠孝陽之教、大日教、御国教、大自然天地之神、本門仏立講勝川本部、創価教育学会、一心弘法堂、誠忠の家、天照日今上皇大神教団関係の事件が取り上げられている。 [According to the court report in the #40 (of Shisō Geppō in 1937), starting from lèse majesté incident by [Kōso Kōtai Jingū] Amatsukyō, other targeted religious groups that were discussed [in Shisō Geppō #40] were Sanri Sanfukugen, Tenri Kami no Kuchiake Basho, Tōdaisha, Usachigamikyō (御先神教), Chūkōyōnokyō (忠孝陽之教), Dainichikyō (大日教), Mikunikyō (御国教), Daishizen Tenchi no Ōkami (大自然天地之神), the Katsukawa headquarters of Honmon Butsurikkō (本門仏立講勝川本部), Sōka Kyōiku Gakkai, Isshin Kōbōdō (一心弘法堂), Seichō no Ie (誠忠の家, different from Seicho-No-Ie), and Amaterasu-hi Kinjō Kotaishin Kyōdan (天照日今上皇大神教団).]
  13. ^ Takemae, Eiji [in Japanese] (1992-08-20). 占領戦後史 [Post-War History of Occupation] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. p. 98. ISBN 978-4002601199. このころ、獄中、獄外での釈放運動もかなり活発化していた。八月一五日、府中刑務所内の予防拘禁所内には、徳田球一、志賀義雄、金天海、黒木重徳、西沢隆二、山辺健太郎、今村英雄、須藤末雄、松本一三、広瀬梅次、石川篤の共産党員一一名、三田村四郎、朝鮮独立運動家・李康勲、天理本道の団野徳一、桑原幸作、三理三腹元の山本栄三郎などがいた。 [At the same time, the pressure for releasing immates both inside and outside of the prison was also gaining momentum. Eleven Japanese Communist Party members—Tokuda Kyūichi, Shiga Yoshio, Kim Chon-hae, Kurogi Tetsunori, Nishizawa Takaji, Yamabe Kentarō, Imamura Hideo, Sudō Sueo, Matsumoto Kazumi, Hirose Umetsugu, and Ishikawa Atsushi—along with Mitamura Shirō [from the second period of the JCP], Korean independence activist Lee Kang-hun, Danno Tokuichi and Kuwabara Kosaku of Tenri Hondō, and Yamamoto Eizaburō of Sanri Sanfukugen were imprisoned in Fuchū Prison as of 15 August 1945.]
  14. ^ Home Ministry Police Affairs Bureau […所謂「三段事情」とて…大西愛治郎は宇宙の創造神である月日、勝久野は人甘露臺の雛型、之に續く自分は此の天の思惑の實行者である眞の甘露臺だと唱へ、…] "… so-called 'the circumstance of three platforms' … Ōnishi Aijirō was the creator deity of the universe as Tsukihi, Katsu Hisano was the early form (雛型) of the Human Kanrodai, and then afterwards, he (Ishiishikawa Komakichi) was the true Kanrodai that received the mandate from heaven, …"
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