Same-sex marriage in the State of Mexico
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Same-sex marriage has been legal in the State of Mexico since 2 November 2022. On 11 October 2022, the Congress of the State of Mexico voted 50–16 with 6 abstentions to pass a bill legalizing same-sex marriage.[1][2] It was signed by Governor Alfredo del Mazo Maza, published in the official state gazette on 1 November, and took effect the next day.[3] The State of Mexico was the 29th Mexican state to open marriage to same-sex couples.
Legal history
Background
The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ruled on 12 June 2015 that state bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional nationwide. The court's ruling is considered a "jurisprudential thesis" and did not invalidate state laws, meaning that same-sex couples denied the right to marry would still have to seek individual amparos in court. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriages and made the approval mandatory. Specifically, the court ruled that bans on same-sex marriage violate Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. Article 1 of the Constitution states:
Any form of discrimination, based on ethnic or national origin, gender, age, disabilities, social status, medical conditions, religion, opinions, sexual orientation, marital status, or any other form, which violates the human dignity or seeks to annul or diminish the rights and freedoms of the people, is prohibited.[a]
On 15 February 2013, four same-sex couples applied to marry at the civil registry office in Toluca. Officials refused to issue them marriage licenses, and the couples consequently filed an amparo in court.[6] On 24 June 2013, a federal judge granted the amparo, ruling that the articles of the Civil Code that prohibited same-sex couples from marrying were discriminatory. The state appealed the decision. An appellate court declared itself unable to resolve the dispute in January 2014, and the case was heard by the Supreme Court in November 2014.[7] On 25 February 2015, the Supreme Court granted the amparo, and declared the Civil Code unconstitutional and discriminatory.[8] A lesbian couple, one of the four plaintiff couples, became the first same-sex couple to marry in the state on 18 April 2015.[9] Two more amparos were granted in Toluca in late October 2017.[10] One of the two couples married in December 2017, making them the first male couple to marry in the state.[11] By December 2017, six same-sex couples had been granted amparos.[11]
Early bills
A popular initiative for the legalization of civil unions was introduced to the Congress of the State of Mexico in 2008, but stalled and was never voted on. In 2010, an initiative to legalize same-sex marriage was introduced to Congress, but also stalled. After three years of legislative inaction, Deputy Octavio Martínez Vargas from the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) introduced a same-sex marriage bill to Congress in 2013.[12] In January 2014, Martínez Vargas said that the PRD would continue to press for the legalization of same-sex marriage.[13] In January 2015, Israfil Filós Real, the president of the Vulnerable Groups Civil Association (Grupos Vulnerables Asociación Civil), called on lawmakers to pass the same-sex marriage bill.[14][15] Subsequently, Governor Eruviel Ávila Villegas submitted a new marriage bill, while the PRD submitted a proposal to legalize adoption by same-sex couples on 5 March 2015.[16] A Congress session to discuss Governor Ávila Villegas' bill was scheduled for 31 May 2016.[17] However, two political parties, the National Action Party (PAN) and the New Alliance Party (PANAL), requested more time to study the proposal.[18] José Manzur Quiroga, the Secretary General of Government (Secretaría de Gobierno), said the bill would be voted on during Congress' following extraordinary legislative session, though eventually no vote took place. The July 2018 elections resulted in the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), which supports the legalization of same-sex marriage, winning the majority of legislative seats in Congress. Nevertheless, progress on the legalization of same-sex marriage continued to stall for the following four years.
Passage of legislation in 2022
Another same-sex marriage bill was introduced to Congress in 2022 by Deputy Daniel Sibaja González from the National Regeneration Movement. A vote in a Congress committee was scheduled for the second week of September 2022.[19] The vote was delayed until 23 September, and a plenary vote was scheduled for October.[20] On 23 September, the committee vote was postponed to the following week.[21] The committee approved the bill on 27 September.[22] A final, plenary vote was scheduled for Tuesday, 11 October 2022. The bill passed Congress on 11 October by 50 votes to 16. It was published in the official state journal on 1 November, following Governor Alfredo del Mazo Maza's signature, and took effect the next day.[23] The first same-sex marriage performed under the new law occurred on 2 November in Coacalco de Berriozábal between Leticia Chávez Rivera and María Pérez Vilchis.[24] Article 4bis of the Civil Code was amended to read: Marriage is an institution of a public nature and social interest, through which two people, freely and voluntarily, decide to share a state of life in pursuit of their personal and conjugal fulfillment, under the formalities and solemnities established by this Code.[b]
| Party | Voted for | Voted against | Abstained | Absent (Did not vote) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Regeneration Movement | 29
|
– | – | – |
| Institutional Revolutionary Party | 5
|
16
|
1
|
1
|
| National Action Party | 4
|
– | 5
|
2
|
| Labor Party | 3
|
– | – | – |
| Party of the Democratic Revolution | 3
|
– | – | – |
| Citizens' Movement | 2
|
– | – | – |
| Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | 2
|
– | – | – |
| New Alliance Party | 2
|
– | – | – |
| Total | 50 | 16 | 6 | 3 |
| 66.7% | 21.3% | 8.0% | 4.0% |
Marriage statistics
The following table shows the number of same-sex marriages performed in the State of Mexico since 2022 as reported by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography.[26]
| Year | Same-sex | Opposite-sex | Total | % same-sex | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Total | ||||
| 2022 | 111 | 70 | 171 | 61,545 | 61,726 | 0.28% |
| 2023 | 653 | 416 | 1,069 | 63,716 | 64,785 | 1.65% |
| 2024 | 633 | 393 | 1,026 | 62,084 | 63,110 | 1.63% |
Public opinion
According to a 2018 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 38% of the State of Mexico public opposed same-sex marriage.[27]
See also
Notes
- ^ In some official and indigenous languages of the State of Mexico:
- Spanish: Queda prohibida toda discriminación motivada por origen étnico o nacional, el género, la edad, las discapacidades, la condición social, las condiciones de salud, la religión, las opiniones, las preferencias sexuales, el estado civil o cualquier otra que atente contra la dignidad humana y tenga por objeto anular o menoscabar los derechos y libertades de las personas.
- Nahuatl: Majmauilo nochi tlaixpinaualistli ika maseualtsitsi katli euani tomexkotlali, siuatl uan tlakatl, ininxiui, uan katli amo ueli motekipanolia, maseualmej, melauatlajkayotl, teotlanejnewili, tlatsintokilistli, kualtiloni pakilistli, sanimanyotl nemili o akinijki kichiuas tlaixpanoli ika maseual tlaixpinauali uan kipia tamantli tlaixkotonali o tlaijtlakoli tlen tlamelaualistli uan tlamakixtiistli ika maseualmej.[4]
- Otomi: Hingi tsa da t’utsa ya jä’i num’u ngu ra mengu ka ya hnini hñätho, ne ha ra ñ’oho ua ra m’ehñä, ra jeya gä mets’i, ha nxotho ra jä’i, hä ua hin’ä bojä, ha hingi dathi, ne te ma nijä pa, xa nthäti ua hin’ä ne ha ua ma n’a ngu embi t’uni ra m’ui gä mu’i di thegi di mu’i ra n’yo ya jä’i.[5]
- Mazahua: Dya ra soo ra zob’ꞹji yo tee k’o b’ꞹb’ꞹmejñiñi o meb’ondo, kjo ngeje b’ejña o b’ezo, jango nzi kjɇɇpɇs’iji, yo tee k’o dya soo ra pɇpjiji, jange b’ꞹb’ꞹji , ko sødye o iyo, ko paa kja nitsjimi o iyo, soo ra ngichiji nuk’ua neji, ko neb’ezo o nerixu, k’o chꞹntꞹo iyo ñe texe k’o dya ra jyeziji ra tsjaa yo tee, dya ra soo ra dɇmbi kjats’e k’o nee ja ra mimiji kuatꞹk’a Taxiskuama.
- Matlatzinca: Xarepari ne kjajɇ naga por ki kanuta meyop’ojti, ki matepɇti ki kan wemja o wexuwi, rokjɇch’e, t’ani matepɇti, mukjakja ronchjori, mukjakja rontebajya, robejeta, t’ani ro’ini, t’ani ronawi, ki rontetenye ‘o xako ‘o munitjɇ ki romatucho’ochikjowi ixta murawi ki natuxchi botutebajya tesokjowi.
- Ocuiltec: Ñulnwe ñulpruhibiru ndyetso ñediscriminacio por okua milndañjɇ, por wendu ya wechu, por ñekjɇnye temindutefbiñjɇ, por mube’i, por okua mukjolo, por okua mukjot’enzo, por t’utata wandukulia, por temindumø, por temindubafti wendu jo wechu, por yanutejiamti ya t’akua ya mula npieru tutso ndyetso ñebet’a jo tutefby nproposito patudespreciatu ñelderechu jo nliberta pa ñebet’a.
- ^ Spanish: El matrimonio es una institución de carácter público e interés social, por medio de la cual dos personas de manera libre y voluntaria deciden compartir un estado de vida para la búsqueda de su realización personal y conyugal, bajo las formalidades y solemnidades que establezca el presente Código.
References
- ^ Eulalio, Victoria (11 October 2022). "Edomex le da el 'sí' al matrimonio igualitario". El Financiero. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "Estado de México aprueba el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo". Político MX (in Spanish). 2022-10-11. Archived from the original on 2022-10-11. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
- ^ "Decreto Número 103" (PDF). Periodico Oficial del Estado de Mexico (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
- ^ "Tlanejneuilyotl Tlen Sentikmaseualmej" (PDF). INALI (in Nahuatl). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ "Ndäthot'i, hñäsümpo̱te xe̲ni hnini ga̱tho m'onda̱" (PDF). INALI. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-14. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ "Parejas gays sueñan con casarse". El Universal EdoMex. Archived from the original on 2016-01-18. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
- ^ "Aplazan 10 días amparo de cuatro parejas gay de Toluca para casarse". HoyEstado.com. 14 June 2013. Archived from the original on 26 November 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "Reconoce SCJN matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Edomex; ordena modificar legislación". planamayor.com.mx. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "Celebran primer matrimonio homosexual en Edo. de México" (in Spanish). Etcétera. 20 April 2015. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ Mendoza, Veneranda (24 October 2017). "Dos parejas gay ganan amparo para casarse en el Edomex". Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Raymundo y Víctor, primer matrimonio Gay en Edomex". EL DEBATE. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
- ^ "Plana Mayor – Periodismo que se Escribe". planamayor.com.mx. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
- ^ "PRD insistirá en legalizar matrimonio gay en Edomex". SDPnoticias.com. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
- ^ "Políticos solo hablan de la diversidad sexual en tiempos de campaña". Al Momento Noticias. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
- ^ "Denuncian "limbo" judicial de la PGJ del Edomex en crímenes contra gays". Al Momento Noticias. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
- ^ "La Jornada: Plantean regular bodas y adopción por parte de gays". unam.mx. 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "MVS Noticias". MVS Noticias. 27 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "Saldrá adelante matrimonio gay en Edoméx: Manzur". HoyEstado.com. 31 May 2016. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "Diputados listos para aprobar el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Edomex: Sibaja". Diario Portal (in Spanish). 5 September 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "El 23 de septiembre sesionarán comisiones el matrimonio igualitario". Diario Evolución (in Spanish). 13 September 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "La próxima semana emitirían dictamen sobre matrimonio igualitario". El Sol de Toluca (in Spanish). 23 September 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "Matrimonio igualitario avanza en Edomex: Comisiones lo aprueban y pasa al pleno". La Lista (in Spanish). 27 September 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "Periodico Oficial del Estado de Mexico" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
- ^ "Celebran el primer matrimonio igualitario en Edomex". netnoticias.com (in Spanish). 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "Aprueban matrimonio igualitario en #Edoméx; quiénes votaron a favor y quiénes en contra". Apocaliptic (in Spanish). 11 October 2022.
- ^ "Matrimonios, Entidad y municipio de registro, Sexo, Sexo". INEGI (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ (in Spanish) #Data | ¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay? Archived 2019-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
External links
- "Decreto Número 103" [Text of the State of Mexico's same-sex marriage law] (PDF) (in Spanish). 1 November 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2022.