Russel Sturgis Cook

Russel(l) Sturgis Cook (1811–1864) was an American Congregationalist minister, and served as secretary of the American Tract Society from 1839 to 1856.[1] He was known also as Russell Salmon Cook, and developed colportage as a key part of the Society's business model.[2]

Early life

Cook was born in New Marlborough, Massachusetts. He attended Auburn Theological Seminary beginning in 1832.[3] In 1836 he was ordained and became pastor at Lanesborough, Massachusetts.[4]

American Tract Society

In November 1838, Cook met William Allen Hallock (1794–1880) in New York, a minister and one of the founders of the American Tract Society (ATS). Shortly afterward, Cook became Visiting and Financial Secretary of the ATS. In 1841 he introduced a new approach to the colporteur system, sending recruits to Indiana and Kentucky. By 1851 800 individuals were employed as tract sellers through this system.[5][6]

At a 1842 ATS fundraiser at the Broadway Tabernacle, Cook moderated the anti-Catholic rhetoric of the period by suggesting that Americans were likely no less sinful in areas such as drunkenness and Sabbath-breaking, than Catholic immigrants.[7] Following the Compromise of 1850, Cook defended the Society's policy of not circulating abolitionist materials, arguing that its constitution allowed only the promotion of views reflecting the consensus of "evangelical Christians"; which did not exist on the issue of slavery. ATS director William Jay criticized this reasoning.[8] and subsequently withdrew his financial support, explaining his decision in an open letter to Cook.[9]

Later life and death

Cook died at Pleasant Valley, New York on 4 September 1864.[1]

Works

  • Home Evangelization: A View of the Wants and Prospects of Our Country, Based on Facts and Relations of Colportage (1849 or 1850, anonymous), by "One of the Secretaries of the American Tract Society".[10][11] An enlarged version was published in England in 1859, edited by Mrs William Fison.[12]

Family

Cook was survived by his fourth wife.[3] His wives were:[13]

  • Anna Maria Mills (married 1837); she was the daughter of the Rev. Henry Mills.[3]
  • Harriet Newell Rand (married 1841, died 1843); she was the daughter of the Rev. Asa Rand (1783–1871).[14][15]
  • Harriet Ellsworth (married 1845, died 1848, leaving no children); she was the daughter of William W. Ellsworth.[16]
  • Miss Malan, daughter of César Malan, married 1856–7 in Geneva on a voyage to Europe.[3] Her sister Henriette Malan had married in 1850 James Cooley Fletcher,[17] and another sister Cecile had married in 1850 another minister, Eli Edwin Hall (1818–1896).[18][19]

Notes

  1. ^ a b John Julian (1907). A Dictionary of Hymnology. Vol. 1. John Murray. p. 261.
  2. ^ Friedman, Walter A. (30 June 2009). Birth of a Salesman: The Transformation of Selling in America. Harvard University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-674-03734-2.
  3. ^ a b c d Hatfield, Edwin Francis (1884). The Poets of the Church: A Series of Biographical Sketches of Hymn-writers with Notes on Their Hymns. A. D. F. Randolph. p. 155.
  4. ^ McClintock, John (1894). Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature: C-D. Harper & Brothers. p. 498.
  5. ^ Twaddell, Elizabeth (June 1946). "The American Tract Society, 1814-1860". Church History. 15 (2): 126. doi:10.2307/3160400. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160400. S2CID 159836607.
  6. ^ "Hallock, William Allen, Dd from the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia". McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia Online.
  7. ^ Griffin, Clifford S. (1961). "Converting the Catholics: American Benevolent Societies and the Ante-Bellum Crusade against the Church". The Catholic Historical Review. 47 (3): 329. ISSN 0008-8080. JSTOR 25016897.
  8. ^ McKivigan, John R. (1999). Abolitionism and American Religion. Taylor & Francis. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-8153-3106-3.
  9. ^ Nord, David Paul (19 August 2004). Faith in Reading: Religious Publishing and the Birth of Mass Media in America. ISBN 978-0-19-517311-6.
  10. ^ Home Evangelization: a view of the wants and prospects of our country, based on the facts and relations of Colportage. By one of the Secretaries of the American Tract Society. 1850.
  11. ^ Nord, David Paul (19 August 2004). Faith in Reading: Religious Publishing and the Birth of Mass Media in America. Oxford University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-19-988389-9.
  12. ^ Cook, Russell S. (1859). Colportage: its history, and relation to home and foreign evangelization. With some remarks on the wants and prospects of our country. Edited and enlarged with the consent of the author, from an American work ["Home Evangelization; a view of the wants and prospects of our country, based on the facts and relations of colportage," by R. S. Cook] by Mrs. William Fison. Wertheim, Macintosh&Hunt.
  13. ^ Cook's Crier. B.H. Williams. 1993. p. 13.
  14. ^ Dexter, Franklin Bowditch (1914). Historical catalogue of the members of the First church of Christ in New Haven, Connecticut (Center Church) A.D. 1639-1914. New Haven : [s.n.] p. 210.
  15. ^ "Rand, Asa from the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia". McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia Online.
  16. ^ Stiles, Henry Reed (1893). The History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor, Connecticut. Press of the Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company. p. 225.
  17. ^ Hilen, Andrew (ed.). The Letters of Henry Wadsworth Longellow. Vol. IV. Harvard University Press. p. 528 note 8.
  18. ^ "The Political Graveyard: Clergy Politicians in Connecticut". politicalgraveyard.com.
  19. ^ Loomis, Dwight; Calhoun, Joseph Gilbert (1895). The Judicial and Civil History of Connecticut. Boston History Company. p. 482.
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