List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species

For a list of birds known only from fossils, see List of fossil bird genera. For birds that have become extinct since the year 1500, see List of extinct bird species since 1500.

Late Quaternary prehistoric birds are avian taxa that became extinct during the Late Quaternary – the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene – and before recorded history, specifically before they could be studied alive by ornithological science. They had died out before the period of global scientific exploration that started in the late 15th century. In other words, this list deals with avian extinctions between 40,000 BC and AD 1500. For the purposes of this article, a "bird" is any member of the clade Neornithes, that is, any descendant of the most recent common ancestor of all currently living birds.

The birds are known from their remains, which are subfossil; as the remains are not completely fossilized, they may yield organic material for molecular analyses to provide additional clues for resolving their taxonomic affiliations. Some birds are also known from folk memory, as in the case of Haast's eagle in New Zealand.

The extinction of the taxa in this list was coincident with the expansion of Homo sapiens beyond Africa and Eurasia, and in most cases, anthropogenic factors played a crucial part in their extinction, be it through hunting, introduced predators or habitat alteration. It is notable that a large proportion of the species are from oceanic islands, especially in Polynesia. Bird taxa that evolved on oceanic islands are usually very vulnerable to hunting or predation by rats, pigs, dogs or cats (animals commonly introduced by humans) as they evolved in the absence of mammalian predators, and therefore have only rudimentary predator avoidance behavior. Many, especially rails, have additionally become flightless for the same reason and thus present even easier prey.

Taxon extinctions taking place before the Late Quaternary happened in the absence of significant human interference. Rather, reasons for extinction are random abiotic events such as bolide impacts, climate changes, mass volcanic eruptions, etc. Alternatively, species may have become extinct due to evolutionary displacement by successor or competitor taxa – it is notable for example that in the early Neogene, seabird biodiversity was much higher than today; this is probably due to competition by the radiation of marine mammals after that time. The relationships of these ancient birds are often hard to determine, as many are known only from very fragmentary remains and complete fossilization precludes analysis of information from DNA, RNA or protein sequencing.

Extinct bird species differed from still-existing birds by being larger, mostly restricted to islands, and often flightless. These factors made them especially vulnerable to human prosecution and to other anthropogenically related declines.[1]

Taxonomic list of Late Quaternary prehistoric birds

All of these birds are in Neornithes.

Palaeognathae

Struthioniformes

The ostriches

†Aepyornithiformes

The elephant birds of Madagascar

  • †Aepyornithidae – greater elephant birds
    • †Aepyornis
      • Giant elephant bird, Aepyornis maximus – a 2018 study moved the largest elephant bird specimens to the genus Vorombe,[4] but a 2023 genetic study regarded Vorombe as synonymous with Aepyornis maximus[5]
      • Hildebrandt's elephant bird, Aepyornis hildebrandti
  • †Mullerornithidae – lesser elephant birds
    • †Mullerornis
      • Lesser elephant bird, Mullerornis modestus

†Dinornithiformes

The moa of New Zealand

  • †Emeidae – lesser moa
    • †Anomalopteryx
      • Bush moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis (North and South Islands, New Zealand)
    • †Euryapteryx
    • †Pachyornis
      • Crested moa, Pachyornis australis (western South Island, New Zealand)
      • Heavy-footed moa, Pachyornis elephantopus (eastern South Island, New Zealand)
      • Mantell's moa, Pachyornis geranoides (North Island, New Zealand)
    • †Emeus
  • †Dinornithidae – giant moa
  • †Megalapterygidae – upland moa
    • †Megalapteryx
      • Upland moa, Megalapteryx didinus (South Island, New Zealand) – may have survived into historic times (syn. Megalapteryx benhami)

Neognathae

†Gastornithiformes

An extinct order of giant flightless fowl.

Anseriformes

The group that includes modern ducks, geese and swans.

Pangalliformes

The group that includes modern chickens and quails.

True Galliformes

  • Megapodidae – megapodes
  • Giant malleefowl
    • †Progura
      • Progura gallinacea (Australia)
      • Progura campestris (Australia)
    • †Latagallina
      • Latagallina naracoortensis (Australia)
      • Latagallina olsoni (Australia)
    • †Garrdimalga
      • Garrdimalga mcnamarai (Australia)
    • Extinct species of extant genera
  • Phasianidae – pheasants and allies
    • Extinct species of extant genera
    • Gallini – francolins and junglefowl
      • Gallus – junglefowl
        • Gallus sp. (Middle/Late Pleistocene of Kudaro, South Ossetia)
        • Gallus imereticus (Late Pleistocene of Gvardjilas-Klde, Imeretia)
        • Gallus meschtscheriensis (Late Pleistocene of Soungir, Russia)
        • Gallus georgicus (Late Pleistocene - Early Holocene of Georgia
        • Gallus sp. (Late Pleistocene of Krivtcha Cave, Ukraine)
        • Gallus sp. (Early Holocene of Dnieper region)
    • Coturnicini
    • Phasianinae

Charadriiformes

Waders, gulls and auks

Charadrii

Scolopaci

Lari

Gruiformes

The group that includes modern rails and cranes.

  • Rallidae – rails
    • †Capellirallus
    • †Vitirallus
    • †Hovacrex
    • †Nesotrochis
    • Extinct species of extant genera
    • Porphyrio – swamphens
      • New Caledonian gallinule, Porphyrio kukwiedei (New Caledonia, Melanesia) – may have survived into historic times
      • North Island takahē, Porphyrio mantelli (North Island, New Zealand)
      • Huahine swamphen, Porphyrio mcnabi (Huahine, Society Islands)
      • Marquesas swamphen, Porphyrio paepae (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas Islands) – may have survived to the late 19th century
      • Buka swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (Buka, Solomon Islands)
      • Giant swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
      • Mangaia swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) (does not belong to Pareudiastes if that genus is considered valid)
      • New Ireland swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
      • Norfolk Island swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific)
      • Rota swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (Rota, Marianas)
    • Rallus
      • Ibiza rail, Rallus eivissensis (Ibiza, Mediterranean)
      • Madeira rail, Rallus lowei (Madeira, Macaronesia)
      • Porto Santo rail, Rallus adolfocaesaris (Porto Santo Island, Macaronesia)
      • Rallus sp. (known from subfossil remains found on Madeira and Porto Santo Island)
      • São Miguel rail, Rallus carvaoensis (São Miguel Island, Azores)
      • Pico rail, Rallus montivagorum (Pico Island, Azores)
      • São Jorge rail, Rallus nanus (São Jorge Island, Azores) (erroneously previously described as Rallus minutus, which is a junior homonym)
      • Graciosa rail, Rallus sp. (Graciosa, Azores)
      • Terceira rail, Rallus sp. (Terceira, Azores)
      • Santa Maria rail, Rallus sp. (Santa Maria Island, Azores)
    • Gallirallus
      • Lifuka rail, Gallirallus sp. (Lifuka, Tonga)
      • Nuku Hiva rail, Gallirallus epulare (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands)
      • Ua Huka rail, Gallirallus gracilitibia (Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands)
      • Niue rail, Gallirallus huiatua (Niue, West Polynesia)
      • Mangaia rail, Gallirallus ripleyi (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
      • Tahuata rail, Gallirallus roletti (Tahuata, Marquesas Islands)
      • Huahine rail, Gallirallus storrsolsoni (Huahine, Society Islands)
      • Hiva Oa rail, Gallirallus sp. (Marquesas, Pacific)
      • Vava'u rail, Gallirallus vavauensis (Vava'u, Tonga)
      • ʻEua rail, Gallirallus vekamatolu (ʻEua, Tonga)
      • Rota rail, Gallirallus temptatus (Rota, Marianas, West Pacific)
      • Aguiguan rail, Gallirallus pisonii (Aguiguan, Marianas, West Pacific)
      • Tinian rail, Gallirallus pendiculentus (Tinian, Marianas, West Pacific)
      • Saipan rail, Gallirallus sp. (Saipan, Marianas, West Pacific)
      • New Ireland rail, Gallirallus ernstmayri (New Ireland, Melanesia)
      • Norfolk Island rail, Gallirallus sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific) – may have survived to the 19th century
    • Porzana – crakes
      • Great Oʻahu crake, Porzana ralphorum (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Great Maui crake, Porzana severnsi (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Mangaia crake, Porzana rua (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
      • Liliput crake, Porzana menehune (Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Small Oʻahu crake, Porzana ziegleri (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Small Maui crake, Porzana keplerorum (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Easter Island crake, Porzana sp. (Easter Island, Southeast Pacific)
      • Great Hawaiian crake, Porzana sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Great Kauaʻi crake, Porzana sp. (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Huahine crake, Porzana sp. (Huahine, Society Islands)
      • Mangaia crake #2, Porzana sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
      • Marquesas crake, Porzana sp. (Ua Huka, Marquesas)
      • Mariana crake, Porzana sp. (Marianas, West Pacific) – possibly four species
      • Medium Kauaʻi crake, Porzana sp. (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Medium Maui crake, Porzana sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Small Hawaiian crake, Porzana sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands)
      • New Zealand giant crake, Porzana hodgenorum (New Zealand)
    • Gallinula – moorhens
      • Viti Levu gallinule, ?Gallinula sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji) – would be separated into Pareudiastes if that genus is considered valid, or may be a new genus altogether
    • Fulica – coots
      • New Zealand coot, Fulica prisca (New Zealand)
      • Chatham coot, Fulica chathamensis (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
      • Fulica montanei (Chile)
    • Placement unresolved
      • Barbados rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Barbados, West Indies) – formerly Fulica podagrica (partim)
      • Easter Island rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Easter Island)
      • Fernando de Noronha rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Fernando de Noronha, Atlantic) – probably survived into historic times
  • Gruidae – cranes
  • †Aptornithidae – adzebills (probably belongs in a separate order)

Eurypygiformes

Procellariiformes

The group that includes modern albatrosses, shearwaters, petrels and storm petrels.

  • Procellariidae – petrels
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Puffinus
        • Dune shearwater or Hole's shearwater, Puffinus holeae (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, East Pacific, and the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula)
        • Lava shearwater or Olson's shearwater, Puffinus olsoni (Canary Islands, East Atlantic)
        • Scarlett's shearwater, Puffinus spelaeus (South Island, New Zealand)
        • Menorcan shearwater, Puffinus sp. (Menorca, Balearic Islands) – possibly an extirpated population of a still-existing species
        • ʻEua shearwater, Puffinus sp. (ʻEua, Tonga)
        • ʻEua petrel, Puffinus sp. (ʻEua, Tonga)
      • Ardenna
      • Pterodroma
        • Oʻahu petrel, Pterodroma jugabilis (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)[13]: 17–22 
        • Canary Islands petrel, Pterodroma sp. (El Hierro, Canary Islands) – possibly an extirpated population of a still-existing species
        • Imber's petrel, Pterodroma imberi (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
        • Pterodroma sp. (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
        • Pterodroma sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific)
        • Bourne's petrel, Pterodroma sp. (Rodrigues)
      • Pseudobulweria
      • Placement unresolved
        • Procellariidae sp. (Easter Island, East Pacific) – possibly an extirpated population of a still-existing species

Sphenisciformes

Ciconiiformes

Suliformes

The group that includes modern boobies, gannets and cormorants.

Pelecaniformes

  • Ardeidae – herons
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Ardea
      • Nycticorax
        • Niue night heron, Nycticorax kalavikai (Niue)
        • ʻEua night heron, Nycticorax sp. ('Eua, Tonga)
        • Lifuka night heron, Nycticorax sp. (Lifuka, Tonga) – may be synonymous with the ʻEua night heron
        • Mangaia night heron, Nycticorax sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
    • Placement unresolved
      • Ardeidae gen. et sp. indet. (Easter Island, East Pacific)
  • Threskiornithidae – ibises
    • †Apteribis
      • Maui highland ibis, Apteribis brevis (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)[13]: 23–28 
      • Molokaʻi ibis, Apteribis glenos (Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)[13]: 22–23 
      • Maui lowland ibis, Apteribis sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Lanai ibis, Apteribis sp. (Lanai, Hawaiian Islands)
    • †Xenicibis

Cathartiformes

  • †Teratornithidae – teratorns
    • †Teratornis
      • Merriam's teratorn, Teratornis merriami (Southwestern and Southeastern U.S.)
    • †Oscaravis
      • Cuban teratorn, Oscaravis olsoni (Cuba, West Indies)
  • Cathartidae – New World vultures
    • †Pampagyps
      • Pampagyps imperator (Argentina, South America)
    • †Wingegyps
      • Wingegyps cartellei (Brazil, South America)
    • †Pleistovultur
      • Pleistovultur nevesi (Brazil, South America)
    • †Geronogyps
      • Geronogyps reliquus (Peru and Argentina, South America)
    • †Breagyps
      • La Brea condor or long-legged vulture, Breagyps clarki (Southwestern U.S.)
    • Extinct species of extant genera

Phoenicopteriformes

The group that includes modern flamingos.

Mesitornithiformes

  • Mesitornithidae – mesites
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Monias
        • Monias sp. (Madagascar)

Columbiformes

  • Columbidae – pigeons and doves
    • †Dysmoropelia
      • Saint Helena dove, Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos (Saint Helena, South Atlantic) – known from Late Pleistocene bones, but may have persisted until the 16th century
    • †Natunaornis
    • †Bountyphaps
      • Henderson Island archaic pigeon, Bountyphaps obsoleta (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
    • †Tongoenas
      • Tongan giant pigeon, Tongoenas burleyi (Tonga)
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Huahine cuckoo-dove, Macropygia arevarevauupa (Huahine, Society Islands)
      • Marquesas cuckoo-dove, Macropygia heana (Marquesas Islands)
      • Puerto Rican quail-dove, Geotrygon larva (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
      • Great ground dove, Pampusana nui (Marquesas Islands and Cook Islands)
      • Henderson ground dove, Pampusana leonpascoi (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
      • New Caledonian ground dove, Pampusana longitarsus (New Caledonia)
      • Huahine ground dove, Pampusana sp. (Huahine, Society Islands) – P. nui?
      • Mangaia ground dove, Pampusana sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) – P. nui?
      • Rota ground dove, Pampusana sp. (Rota, Marianas)
      • Tongan tooth-billed pigeon, Didunculus placopedetes (Tonga)
      • Kanaka pigeon, Caloenas canacorum (New Caledonia, Tonga)
      • Henderson imperial pigeon, Ducula harrisoni (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
      • Lakeba imperial pigeon, Ducula lakeba (Lakeba, Fiji)
      • Steadman's imperial pigeon, Ducula david ('Eua, Tonga, and Wallis Island)
      • Tongan imperial pigeon, Ducula sp. ('Eua, Foa and Lifuka, Tonga) – may be synonymous with either D. lakeba or D. david, or may possibly be a new species altogether
      • Shutler's fruit pigeon, Ducula shutleri (Vava'u and Tongatapu, Tonga)
      • Ducula cf. galeata (Cook Islands) – possibly a new species
      • Ducula cf. galeata (Society Islands) – possibly a new species
      • Ducula sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji) – may be synonymous with D. lakeba
      • Tubuai fruit dove, Ptilinopus sp. (Tubuai, Austral Islands)
      • Columba melitensis (Malta, Sicily)

Cuculiformes

  • Cuculidae – cuckoos
    • Extinct species of extant genera
    • Extinct subspecies of extant species
      • Conkling's greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus conklingi (inland Southwestern North America)

Accipitriformes

Birds of prey

  • Accipitridae – hawks and eagles
    • †Bermuteo
    • †Gigantohierax
      • Gigantohierax suarezi (Cuba, West Indies)
      • Gigantohierax itchei (Cuba, West Indies)
    • †Titanohierax
      • Titanohierax gloveralleni (Bahamas, West Indies)
      • Titanohierax sp. (Hispaniola, West Indies)
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Powerful goshawk, Tachyspiza efficax (New Caledonia, Melanesia)[17]
      • Gracile goshawk, Tachyspiza quartus (New Caledonia, Melanesia)[17]
      • Accipiter sp. 1 (New Ireland, Melanesia)
      • Accipiter sp. 2 (New Ireland, Melanesia) – one of these two extinct New Ireland species may actually be the still-existing Meyer's goshawk (Astur meyerianus)
      • Aquila sp. "large" (Madagascar)
      • Aquila sp. "small" (Madagascar)
      • Buteogallus borrasi (Cuba, West Indies)[18] – formerly in Aquila / Titanohierax
      • Woodward's eagle, Buteogallus woodwardi (North America and West Indies)
      • Wood harrier, Circus dossenus (Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Eyles's harrier, Circus teauteensis (New Zealand)
      • Haast's eagle, Hieraeetus moorei (South Island, New Zealand)
      • Hawaiian eagle, Haliaeetus sp. (Main Hawaiian Islands)[19]
      • Malagasy crowned eagle, Stephanoaetus mahery (Madagascar)[20]
      • Maltese vulture, Gyps melitensis (Malta and Sicily, Mediterranean)
    • Extinct subspecies of extant species

Caprimulgiformes

Nightjars

  • Caprimulgidae – nightjars
    • Extinct species of extant genera

Aegotheliformes

Owlet-nightjars

Apodiformes

Swifts and hummingbirds

Bucerotiformes

Hornbills and relatives, formerly included in Coraciiformes

  • Bucerotidae – hornbills
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Rhyticeros ("Aceros")
        • Lifou hornbill, Rhyticeros ("Aceros") sp. (Lifou, Loyalty Islands)

Piciformes

Woodpeckers, puffbirds and jacamars

  • Picidae – woodpeckers
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Colaptes
        • Bermuda flicker, Colaptes oceanicus (Bermuda, West Atlantic) – known from Late Pleistocene and Holocene bones, but may have persisted until the 17th century[24]

Coraciiformes

Strigiformes

True owls and barn owls

  • Strigidae – true owls
    • †Grallistrix – stilt-owls
      • Kauaʻi stilt-owl, Grallistrix auceps (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Maui stilt-owl, Grallistrix erdmani (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Molokaʻi stilt-owl, Grallistrix geleches (Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Oʻahu stilt-owl, Grallistrix orion (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
    • †Ornimegalonyx
      • Cuban giant owl, Ornimegalonyx oteroi (Cuba, West Indies)
      • Ornimegalonyx ewingi (Cuban, West Indies)
    • †Asphaltoglaux
    • †Oraristrix
      • La Brea owl, Oraristrix brea (Southern California, North America)
    • Extinct species of extant genera
    • Placement unresolved
      • Strigidae gen. et sp. indet. (Ibiza, Mediterranean)
  • Tytonidae – barn owls
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Tyto
        • Puerto Rican barn owl, Tyto cavatica (Puerto Rico, West Indies) – may have still existed up to 1912, given reports of the presence of cave-nesting owls on Puerto Rico up to that year; likely a subspecies of, or synonymous with, the still-existing ashy-faced owl (Tyto glaucops)[26]
        • Cuban dwarf barn owl, Tyto maniola (Cuba, West Indies)[26]
        • New Caledonian barn owl, Tyto letocarti (New Caledonia, Melanesia)[17]
        • Maltese barn owl, Tyto melitensis (Malta, Sicily) – possibly a paleosubspecies of, or synonymous with, the still-existing western barn owl (Tyto alba)
        • Noel's barn owl, Tyto noeli (Cuba, Barbuda, West Indies) – Tyto neddi is a synonym
        • Hispaniolan barn owl, Tyto ostologa (Hispaniola, West Indies)
        • Bahama giant barn owl, Tyto pollens (Little Exuma and New Providence, Bahamas, West Indies)[27] – Rivero's barn owl (Tyto riveroi) is a synonym
        • Antiguan barn owl Tyto sp. (Antigua, West Indies)
        • Mussau barn owl, Tyto cf. novaehollandiae (Mussau, Melanesia)
        • Greater New Ireland barn owl, Tyto cf. novaehollandiae (New Ireland, Melanesia)
        • Lesser New Ireland barn owl, Tyto cf. alba / aurantiaca (New Ireland, Melanesia)
        • Craves' giant barn owl, Tyto cravesae (Cuba, West Indies)

Falconiformes

  • Falconidae – falcons
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Caracara
        • Puerto Rican caracara, Caracara latebrosus (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
        • Bahaman caracara, Caracara creightoni (Bahamas and Cuba, West Indies) – may be synomynous with Caracara latebrosus
        • Jamaican caracara, Caracara tellustris (Jamaica, West Indies)[28]
        • La Brea caracara, Caracara prelutosa (Rancho La Brea and San Miguel Island, California)
        • Caracara major (Uruguay, South America)
        • Caracara seymouri (Peru and Ecuador, South America)
      • Milvago
        • Cuban caracara, Milvago carbo (Cuba, West Indies)
        • ?Milvago sp. (Jamaica, West Indies)
      • Falco
        • Cuban kestrel, Falco kurochkini (Cuba, West Indies) – may have survived to the 17th century
      • Phalcoboenus

Psittaciformes

  • Placement unresolved
    • Psittaciformes gen. et sp. indet. (Rota, Marianas) – cf. Cacatua / Eclectus?
  • Strigopidae – New Zealand parrots
    • Extinct species of extant genera
  • Cacatuidae – cockatoos
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Cacatua
        • New Caledonian cockatoo, Cacatua sp. (New Caledonia)
        • New Ireland cockatoo, Cacatua sp. (New Ireland)
  • Psittacidae – parrots, parakeets, and lorikeets
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Saint Croix macaw, Ara autocthones (St. Croix, West Indies)
      • Oceanic eclectus, Eclectus infectus (Tonga, Vanuatu, possibly Fiji) – may have survived to the 18th century or even much later than that
      • Sinoto's lorikeet, Vini sinotoi (Marquesas Islands, Pacific)
      • Conquered lorikeet, Vini vidivici (Mangaia, Cook Islands, Huahine, Society Islands and Hiva Oa, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka and Tahuata, Marquesas Islands)
      • Campbell parakeet, Cyanoramphus sp. (Campbell Island, New Zealand)
    • Extinct subspecies of extant species
      • Virgin Islands amazon (Amazona vittata ssp. indet.)
    • Placement unresolved
      • Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (Easter Island)
      • Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. 2 (Easter Island)
      • Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Guam, Marianas) – cf. Trichoglossus / Vini?

Passeriformes

Perching birds

  • Placement unresolved
    • Slender-billed Kauaʻi passerine, Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
    • Tiny Kauaʻi passerine, Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
  • Acanthisittidae – New Zealand wrens
  • Corvidae – crows, ravens, jays and magpies
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Corvus
        • High-billed crow, Corvus impluviatus (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
        • Robust crow, Corvus viriosus (Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
        • New Zealand raven, Corvus moriorum (New Zealand and the Chatham Islands)
          • Chatham raven, Corvus moriorum moriorum (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
          • North Island raven, Corvus moriorum antipodum (North Island, New Zealand)
          • South Island raven, Corvus moriorum pycrafti (South Island, New Zealand)
        • New Ireland crow, Corvus sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
        • Puerto Rican crow, Corvus pumilis (Puerto Rico and St. Croix, West Indies) – probably a subspecies of either the Cuban crow (Corvus nasicus) or the Hispaniolan palm crow (Corvus palmarum)
  • Hirundinidae – swallows and martins
    • Extinct subspecies of extant species
      • Henderson Island Pacific swallow, Hirundo tahitensis ssp. nov. (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
  • Cettiidae – bush warblers
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Horornis
        • ʻEua bush warbler, Horornis sp. (ʻEua, Tonga)
  • Zosteropidae – white-eyes
    • Placement unresolved
      • Tongan large white-eye, Zosteropidae gen. et sp. indet. (ʻEua, Tonga)
      • Guam large white-eye, Zosteropidae gen. et sp. indet. (Guam, Marianas)
  • Sturnidae – starlings
    • †Cryptopsar
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Aplonis
        • Huahine starling, Aplonis diluvialis (Huahine, Society Islands)
        • Erromango starling, Aplonis sp. (Erromango, Vanuatu)
  • Turdidae – thrushes
  • Mohoidae – Hawaiian honeyeaters
    • Prehistorically extinct species of recently extinct genera
      • Oʻahu kioea, Chaetoptila cf. angustipluma (Oʻahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Narrow-billed kioea, ?Chaetoptila sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
  • Fringillidae – true finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers
    • †Orthiospiza
    • †Xestospiza
    • †Vangulifer
      • Strange-billed finch, Vangulifer mirandus (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Thin-billed finch, Vangulifer neophasis (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
    • †Aidemedia
      • Oʻahu icterid-like gaper, Aidemedia chascax (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Sickle-billed gaper, Aidemedia zanclops (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Maui Nui icterid-like gaper, Aidemedia lutetiae (Maui and Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
    • Prehistorically extinct species of extant and recently extinct genera
      • Slender-billed greenfinch, Chloris aurelioi (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
      • Trias greenfinch, Chloris triasi (La Palma, Canary Islands)
      • Greater Azores bullfinch, Pyrrhula crassa (Graciosa, Azores)[32]
      • Kauaʻi finch, Telespiza persecutrix (Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Maui Nui finch, Telespiza ypsilon (Maui and Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Maui finch, Telespiza cf. ypsilon (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Kauaʻi palila, Loxioides kikuichi (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands) – possibly survived until the early 18th century
      • Scissor-billed koa finch, Rhodacanthis forfex (Kauaʻi and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Primitive koa finch, Rhodacanthis litotes (Oʻahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Wahi grosbeak, Chloridops wahi (Oʻahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • King Kong grosbeak, Chloridops regiskongi (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Kauaʻi grosbeak, Chloridops sp. (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands) – may be synomynous with C. wahi
      • Maui grosbeak, Chloridops sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Giant nukupuʻu, Hemignathus vorpalis (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Hoopoe-billed ʻakialoa, Akialoa upupirostris (Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Giant ʻakialoa, Akialoa sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Akialoa sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Stout-legged finch, Ciridops tenax (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Molokaʻi ʻula-ʻai-hawane, Ciridops cf. anna (Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
      • Oʻahu ʻula-ʻai-hawane, Ciridops sp. (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
    • Placement unresolved
      • Drepanidini gen. et sp. indet. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) – at least three species
      • Drepanidini gen. et sp. indet. (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
  • Estrildidae – waxbills
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Erythrura
        • Marianas parrotfinch, Erythrura sp. (Guam and Rota, Marianas)
  • Emberizidae – Old World buntings
  • Passerellidae – New World sparrows
    • †Pedinorhis
      • Puerto Rican obscure bunting, Pedinorhis stirpsarcana (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
  • Icteridae – New World blackbirds, New World orioles and grackles

Taxonomic list of Late Quaternary extinct/possibly extinct/status unknown prehistoric birds

All of these birds are in Neornithes.

Palaeognathae

Struthioniformes

The ostriches

Neognathae

Charadriiformes

Waders, gulls and auks

  • Burhinidae – stone-curlews
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Burhinus
        • Dwarf thick-knee, Burhinus nanus (Bahamas, West Indies) - may have survived until the 17th century

Gruiformes

The group that includes modern rails and cranes.

  • Rallidae – rails
    • †Nesotrochis
      • Haitian cave rail, Nesotrochis steganinos (Haiti, West Indies)
      • Cuban cave rail, Nesotrochis picapicensis (Cuba, West Indies)

Procellariiformes

The group that includes modern albatrosses, shearwaters, petrels and storm petrels.

Accipitriformes

Birds of prey

  • Accipitridae – hawks and eagles
    • Extinct species of extant genera

Passeriformes

  • Monarchidae – monarch flycatchers and paradise flycatchers
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Myiagra
        • Myiagra sp. (Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands)
  • Turdidae – thrushes and allies
    • Extinct species of extant genera
      • Myadestes
        • Olomaʻo, Myadestes lanaiensis (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) – may have survived until the 19th century

See also

References

Citations

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