The 1990s (pronounced "nineteen-nineties"; shortened to "the '90s") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1990, and ended on 31 December 1999.
Culturally, the 1990s are characterized by the rise of multiculturalism and alternative media, which continues into the present day. Movements such as hip hop, the rave scene and grunge spread around the world to young people during that decade, aided by then-new technology such as cable television and the World Wide Web.
In the absence of world communism, which collapsed in the first two years of the decade, the 1990s was politically defined by a movement towards the right-wing, including increase in support for far-right parties in Europe[1] as well as the advent of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party[2] and cuts in social spending in the United States,[3] Canada,[4] New Zealand,[5] and the UK.[6] The United States also saw a massive revival in the use of the death penalty in the 1990s, which reversed in the early 21st century.[7] During the 1990s the character of the European Union and Euro were formed and codified in treaties.
A combination of factors, including the continued mass mobilization of capital markets through neo-liberalism, the thawing of the decades-long Cold War, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of new media such as the Internet from the middle of the decade onwards, increasing skepticism towards government, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union led to a realignment and reconsolidation of economic and political power across the world and within countries. The dot-com bubble of 1997–2000 brought wealth to some entrepreneurs before its crash between 2000 and 2001.
The 1990s saw extreme advances in technology, with the World Wide Web, the first gene therapy trial, and the first designer babies[8] all emerging in 1990 and being improved and built upon throughout the decade.
New ethnic conflicts emerged in Africa, the Balkans, and the Caucasus, the former two which led to the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, respectively. Signs of any resolution of tensions between Israel and the Arab world remained elusive despite the progress of the Oslo Accords, though The Troubles in Northern Ireland came to a standstill in 1998 with the Good Friday Agreement after 30 years of violence.[9]
Selected article -
- ... that the Polish subgenre of speculative fiction known as klerykal fiction emerged in the 1990s as a response to societal fears of church influence in politics?
- ... that until the 1990s, linguists often confused the Nizaa language with a similarly named local language?
- ... that when a developer tried to buy Kansas City's New York Life Building in the 1990s, it was unclear who owned it?
- ... that before the Times Square Hotel was renovated in the 1990s, it was described as "a scene of complete social chaos", with 1,700 violations of building codes?
- ... that Cliff Christl, who became the Green Bay Packers team historian in 2014, estimated that he had recorded more than 250 oral histories with past players and coaches since the 1990s?
- ... that NASA promoted the "faster, better, cheaper" approach to spacecraft missions in the 1990s?
List articles
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Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (Canadian French: [ʒɑ̃ kʁetsjẽɪ̯̃]; born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian lawyer and retired politician who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003. He served as leader of the Liberal Party from 1990 to 2003 and as leader of the Official Opposition from 1990 to 1993.
Born and raised in Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, Chrétien studied law at the Université Laval. A Liberal, he was first elected to the House of Commons in 1963 federal election. Chrétien served in various cabinet posts in the governments of Lester B. Pearson and Pierre Trudeau, most notably as minister of Indian affairs and northern development, president of the Treasury Board, minister of finance, and minister of justice. In the latter role, Chrétien played a key role in the patriation of the Constitution of Canada and the establishment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Chrétien ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party in 1984, placing second to John Turner. He then served as deputy prime minister in Turner's short-lived government, which was defeated in the 1984 federal election. In 1986, Chrétien briefly left politics amid tensions with Turner and began working in the private sector. After the Liberals were defeated again in 1988, he returned to politics and won the leadership of the party in 1990, thereby becoming leader of the Official Opposition. Chrétien led the Liberal Party to a majority government in the 1993 federal election. The party won two additional majorities in 1997 and 2000. (Full article...)
The following are images from various 1990s-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Image 1Boris Yeltsin and Bill Clinton share a laugh in October 1995. (from 1990s)
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Image 3Trio in 1995 wearing neutral-colored tops and relaxed-fit, slim-leg pants and jeans. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 5Go-go boots became fashionable again in 1995. They were worn by women of the hip-hop, alternative, and dance subcultures. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 6Rwandan genocide: Bones of genocide victims in Murambi Technical School. Estimates put the death toll of the Rwandan genocide as high as 800,000 people. (from 1990s)
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Image 7Kurt Cobain, 1992. He wears grunge clothing, popular from 1991 to 1996. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 9An "I Believe Anita Hill" button pin in support of her sexual harassment allegations against U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas. Hill testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee arguing against the confirmation of Thomas. (from 1990s)
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Image 11The highest-grossing film of the decade was James Cameron's Titanic (1997), which remains one of the highest-grossing films of all time. (from 1990s)
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Image 13Woman wearing a polo shirt with a popped collar. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 15Thalía rose to fame as a member of the musical group Timbiriche. (from 1990s in music)
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Image 17Crowd of rave-goers, 1995. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 19Garage punk band, 1997 (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 20The Nasdaq Composite displaying the dot-com bubble, which ballooned between 1997 and 2000. The bubble peaked on Friday, 10 March 2000. (from 1990s)
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Image 21Nelson Mandela voting in 1994, after thirty years of imprisonment. (from 1990s)
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Image 22From top left, clockwise: The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth after it was launched in 1990; American jets fly over burning oil fields in the 1991 Gulf War; the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993; the World Wide Web gains massive popularity worldwide; Boris Yeltsin greets crowds after the failed August Coup, which leads to the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991; Dolly the sheep is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell; the funeral procession of Diana, Princess of Wales, who died in a 1997 car crash, and was mourned by Billions; hundreds of thousands of Tutsi people are killed in the Rwandan genocide of 1994 (from 1990s)
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Image 23Woman with what would come be known as the Rachel haircut, early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 25Blink-182 performing in 1995, whose 1999 album Enema of The State became a pivotal moment for contemporary pop punk (from 1990s)
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Image 27African-American teenager with Hitop fade, popular in the early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 29Dancers at the 1992 Snoqualmie Moondance Festival in Snoqualmie, Washington. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 30Korn, 1997 (from 1990s in music)
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Image 31Red and cream Indian woman's saree, late 1990s (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 32Slip dresses first became widely worn in the mid-1990s, as part of the underwear-as-outerwear trend. ( Jane Leeves, 1995) (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 33Miniature model from MS Estonia (from 1990s)
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Image 39Church members exhibiting assorted fashion trends. Amman, 1998. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 42Dolly the sheep is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. (from 1990s)
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Image 43Women's side gusset shoes were popular among preppy and hip-hop subcultures in the mid- to late-1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 44Group of high school students, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 45A man wearing a power suit, popular in the European workplace. The suit jacket is double-breasted with large shoulder pads. Photograph taken in 1998. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 46Bomber jacket with orange lining, popular from the mid- to late-1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 47SNES (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
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Image 48Swedish teenager with mullet haircut and abstract jumper, 1991. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 49The German electronic rock duo Das Ich, 1993. Their aspect shows the influence of the goth look which returned in the 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 50Actress Paula Abdul wearing semi-transparent black dress, curled hair and smoky eye makeup, 1990. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 51Butterfly and floral clips, worn in the mid- and late 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 52Moby, 2009 (from 1990s in music)
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Image 53The 1999 İzmit earthquake, which occurred in northwestern Turkey, killed 17,217 and injured 43,959. (from 1990s)
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Image 54Razer Boomslang (first gaming mouse, 1999) (from 1990s in video games)
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Image 55Dave Navarro and Perry Farrell of Jane's Addiction in 2009. The success of Jane's Addiction helped launch the popularity of alternative rock and alternative metal in the United States. The unexpected success of Ritual de lo Habitual (1990) for Warner Records led to a signing frenzy in which major labels were "mass signing" alternative acts, including Geffen Records' signing of Nirvana in 1991. (from 1990s in music)
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Image 56Women's rights demonstration in Paris, November 1995 (from 1990s)
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Image 57Dutch high school prom, 1994. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 58The catsuit became a trend in the late 1990s. Normally made of latex, PVC, or spandex, it was often worn with high-heeled boots. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 61Converse All Stars, popular in the early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 62Grunge band Nirvana in 1992 (from 1990s in music)
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Image 64Mobile phones gained massive popularity worldwide during the decade. (from 1990s)
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Image 65Block-heeled shoes, popular from 1995 to 2001. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 67Example of 1990s men's and women's fashion, 1994 (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 68Baseball jackets were popular among hip-hop fans in the mid-1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 69Acid washed jean shorts with grunge and hippie inspired DIY slogans and pictures. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 70Maná in concert. (from 1990s in music)
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Image 71The Dow Jones Index of the 1990s (from 1990s)
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Image 72Sasha using Ableton Live at a nightclub. (from 1990s in music)
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Image 74Metal Slug (arcade, 1996) (from 1990s in video games)
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Image 75Electronic musician and DJ James Lavelle dressed in club attire, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 76The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992. (from 1990s)
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Image 77The compact disc reached its peak in popularity in the 1990s, and not once did another audio format surpass the CD in music sales from 1991 throughout the remainder of the decade. By 2000, the CD accounted for 92.3% of the entire market share in regard to music sales. (from 1990s)
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Image 80Nude and darker shades of lipstick seemed popular throughout the decade. ( Fran Drescher, 1996) (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 81Press conference at the Council of the EU for the launching of the Euro in 1998 (from 1990s)
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Image 83The logo created by The President's Council on the Year 2000 Conversion, for use on Y2K.gov (from 1990s)
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Image 87Two women wearing bandanas, 1999. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 88Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle, Washington. (from 1990s in music)
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Image 89An early portable CD player, a Sony Discman model D121. (from 1990s)
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Image 91Seinfeld, which premiered on NBC in 1989, became a commercial success and cultural phenomenon by 1993. (from 1990s)
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Image 93Hurricane Georges downed trees in Key West along the old houseboat row on South Roosevelt Blvd. (from 1990s)
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Image 94In 1994, Lisa Loeb became the first artist to score a No. 1 hit with " Stay (I Missed You)" before signing to any record label. (from 1990s in music)
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Image 95Swedish hip-hop fans watch Public Enemy perform in 1991. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 96Oasis were the biggest band of the 1990s Britpop scene and the only band to make a significant impact in the US market. (from 1990s in music)
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Image 97Actress Liv Tyler sporting a pixie cut, 1998 (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 99A typical early 1990s personal computer. (from 1990s)
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Image 100D'Angelo is considered a key pioneer of the neo-soul movement. (from 1990s in music)
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Image 101Executive council building burns in Sarajevo after being hit by Bosnian Serb artillery in the Bosnian War. (from 1990s)
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Image 103Flag map of the world from 1992 (from 1990s)
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Image 105Typical late 1990s fashions, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 106Michael Jordan, the most popular NBA player of the 1990s. (from 1990s)
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Image 107US First Lady Hillary Clinton wearing a straw hat, 1995. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 108US, Canadian, and Mexican dignitaries initialing the draft North American Free Trade Agreement in October 1992 (from 1990s)
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Image 110Chokers, popular in the mid- and late-1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 111Rajiv Gandhi (from 1990s)
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Image 112Woman wearing a crop top and bell-bottoms, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 113Slap bracelet worn by young girls in the early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 114The federal building that was bombed in the Oklahoma City bombing two days after the bombing, viewed from across the adjacent parking lot. (from 1990s)
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Image 115Eurostar logo 1994–2011 (from 1990s)
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Image 117Pagers became widely popular. (from 1990s)
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Image 118Woman dressed in black maxi skirt, top and hat, 1995. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 120Black Barbour bucket hat. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 121Green Day, 2010 (from 1990s in music)
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Image 123Luis Miguel, first Latin idol of the decade (from 1990s in music)
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Image 125Long maxi skirt in a Liberty floral print. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 126Bob cuts were favored by women. ( Saffron, 1996) (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 127Friends, which premiered on NBC in 1994 became one of the most popular sitcoms of all time. From left, clockwise: Lisa Kudrow, Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Matthew Perry, Matt LeBlanc, and David Schwimmer, the six main actors of Friends. (from 1990s)
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Image 128Jonathan Brandis in a Grunge-style flannel shirt and curtained hair in 1993 (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 130Example of late 1990s gothic fashion. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 131Group of young children displaying various fashion trends. Amman, 1998. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 132Model wearing a midriff shirt, a silver necklace, low ponytail and straight-leg leggings, 1999. (from 1990s in fashion)
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Image 134Young man in 1995, sporting a short undercut hairstyle. (from 1990s in fashion)
These are Good articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.
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Image 1Scream is a 1996 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Matthew Lillard, Rose McGowan, Skeet Ulrich, and Drew Barrymore. Set in the fictional town of Woodsboro, California, the plot follows high school student Sidney Prescott (Campbell) and her friends, who, on the anniversary of her mother's murder, become the targets of a costumed serial killer. Williamson, who was struggling to get his projects off the ground, was inspired by reports of a series of murders by the Gainesville Ripper as he wrote a screenplay that satirized the clichés of the slasher genre popularized in films such as Halloween (1978), Friday the 13th (1980), and Craven's own A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984). Developed under the title Scary Movie, Williamson's script became the subject of an intense bidding war from multiple studios before Miramax Films purchased the rights for its Dimension Films label. Craven, despite turning down the opportunity multiple times, agreed to direct the film after he had read the script as he was determined to re-establish himself after several career setbacks. The involvement of Barrymore and Cox helped secure more support from the studio. Principal photography took place from April to June 1996 in California on a budget of $15 million. Craven trimmed down the violence in the film after being involved in a tense conflict with the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) over the desired R rating. ( Full article...)
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Image 2Dick Tracy is a 1990 American crime action film based on the 1930s comic strip created by Chester Gould. Warren Beatty produced, directed and starred in the film, whose supporting cast includes Al Pacino, Madonna, Glenne Headly and Charlie Korsmo, with appearances by Dustin Hoffman, James Keane, Charles Durning, William Forsythe, Seymour Cassel, Paul Sorvino, Mandy Patinkin, Catherine O'Hara, Ed O'Ross, James Caan, James Tolkan, Michael J. Pollard, Henry Silva, R.G. Armstrong, Estelle Parsons and Dick Van Dyke. Dick Tracy depicts the detective's romantic relationships with Breathless Mahoney and Tess Trueheart, as well as his conflicts with crime boss Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice and his henchmen. Tracy also begins fostering a young street urchin named Kid. Development of the film began in the early 1980s with Tom Mankiewicz assigned to write the script. The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps Jr. The project also went through directors Steven Spielberg, John Landis, Walter Hill and Richard Benjamin before the arrival of Beatty. It was filmed mainly at Universal Studios. Danny Elfman was hired to compose the score, and the film's music was featured on three separate soundtrack albums. ( Full article...)
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Image 3The Truman Show is a 1998 American comedy-drama film written and co-produced by Andrew Niccol, and directed by Peter Weir. The film depicts the story of Truman Burbank (played by Jim Carrey), a man who is unaware that he is living his entire life on a colossal soundstage, and that it is being filmed and broadcast as a reality television show that has a huge international following. All of his friends, family, and members of his community are paid actors whose job is to sustain the illusion and keep Truman unaware of the false world he inhabits. The film's supporting cast includes Laura Linney, Ed Harris, Noah Emmerich, Natascha McElhone, Holland Taylor, Paul Giamatti, and Brian Delate. Niccol's original spec script was more of a science-fiction thriller, with the story set in New York City. Producer Scott Rudin purchased the script and set up production at Paramount Pictures. Brian De Palma was to direct before Weir signed on as director, making the film for $60 million—$20 million less than the original estimate. Niccol rewrote the script while the crew was waiting for Carrey to sign. The majority of filming took place at Seaside, Florida, a master- planned community located in the Florida Panhandle. ( Full article...)
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Image 4South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut is a 1999 American adult animated musical buddy comedy film based on the animated sitcom South Park. The film was directed by series creator Trey Parker, who co-wrote with series co-creator Matt Stone and Pam Brady. It stars Parker, Stone, Mary Kay Bergman, and Isaac Hayes, all of whom reprise their roles from the series, with George Clooney, Eric Idle, and Mike Judge in supporting roles. The plot follows Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick as they sneak into an R-rated film starring the Canadian comedy duo Terrance and Phillip, after which they begin swearing. When the consequent moral panic culminates in the United States declaring war on Canada, Stan, Kyle and Cartman take it upon themselves to save Terrance and Phillip from execution, while Kenny tries to prevent a prophecy involving Satan and Saddam Hussein's intent to conquer the world. Primarily centered on themes of censorship and scapegoating, the film also parodies and satirizes the animated films of the Disney Renaissance, musicals such as Les Misérables, and controversies surrounding the series itself. The film also heavily satirizes the Motion Picture Association of America; during production, Parker and Stone disputed with the MPAA, which returned the film multiple times with an NC-17 rating due to its frequent use of profanity. The film's songs were written by Parker and Marc Shaiman, the latter of whom composed the score. ( Full article...)
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Image 5Species is a 1995 American science fiction horror film directed by Roger Donaldson and written by Dennis Feldman. The film is the first installment of the Species franchise. It stars Ben Kingsley, Michael Madsen, Alfred Molina, Forest Whitaker, Marg Helgenberger, and Natasha Henstridge in her film debut role. The film's plot concerns a motley crew of scientists and government agents who try to track down Sil (Henstridge), a seductive extraterrestrial-human hybrid, before she successfully mates with a human male. The film was conceived by Feldman in 1987, and was originally pitched as a film treatment in the style of a police procedural, entitled The Message. When The Message failed to attract the studios, Feldman re-wrote it as a spec script, which ultimately led to the making of the film. The extraterrestrial aspect of Sil's character was created by H. R. Giger, who was also responsible for the beings from the Alien franchise. The effects combined practical models designed by Giger collaborator Steve Johnson and XFX, with computer-generated imagery done by Richard Edlund's Boss Film Studios. Giger felt that the film and the character were too similar to Alien, so he pushed for script changes. ( Full article...)
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Image 6The Hudsucker Proxy is a 1994 screwball comedy film co-written, produced, and directed by the Coen brothers. Sam Raimi co-wrote the script and served as second unit director. The film stars Tim Robbins as a naïve but ambitious business school graduate who is installed as president of a manufacturing company, Jennifer Jason Leigh as a newspaper reporter, and Paul Newman as a company director who hires the graduate as part of a stock scam. The script was finished in 1985, but production did not start until 1991, when Joel Silver acquired the script for Silver Pictures. Warner Bros. subsequently agreed to distribute the film, with further financing from PolyGram Filmed Entertainment and Working Title Films. Filming at Carolco Studios in Wilmington, North Carolina, lasted from November 1992 to March 1993. The New York City scale model set was designed by Michael J. McAlister and Mark Stetson, with further effects provided by The Computer Film Company. ( Full article...)
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Image 7Fargo is a 1996 crime film written, directed, produced and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen. It stars Frances McDormand, William H. Macy, Steve Buscemi, Harve Presnell, and Peter Stormare. McDormand plays police chief Marge Gunderson, who investigates after a car salesman, Jerry Lundegaard (Macy), hires two dimwitted criminals to kidnap his wife to extort a ransom from her wealthy father. Filmed in the United States in late 1995, Fargo premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or. Joel Coen won the festival's Prix De La Mise En Scène (Best Director Award). The film was a critical and commercial success, earning particular acclaim for the Coens' direction and script and the performances of McDormand, Macy and Buscemi. Fargo received seven Oscar nominations at the 69th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actor for Macy, winning two: Best Actress for McDormand and Best Original Screenplay for the Coens. ( Full article...)
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Image 8Alien Resurrection is a 1997 American science fiction horror film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, written by Joss Whedon, and starring Sigourney Weaver and Winona Ryder. It is the fourth installment of the Alien franchise, and was filmed at the 20th Century Fox studios in Los Angeles, California. In the film, set 200 years after Alien 3 (1992), Ellen Ripley is cloned and an Alien queen is surgically removed from her body. The United Systems Military (USM) hopes to breed Aliens to study and research on the spaceship USM Auriga, using human hosts abducted and delivered to them by a group of mercenaries. The Aliens escape their enclosures, and Ripley and the mercenaries attempt to escape and destroy the Auriga before it reaches Earth. Additional roles are played by Ron Perlman, Dan Hedaya, J. E. Freeman, Brad Dourif, and Michael Wincott. ( Full article...)
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Image 10Contact is a 1997 American science fiction drama film co-produced and directed by Robert Zemeckis, based on the 1985 novel by Carl Sagan. It stars Jodie Foster as Dr. Eleanor "Ellie" Arroway, a SETI scientist who finds evidence of extraterrestrial life and is chosen to make first contact. Matthew McConaughey, James Woods, Tom Skerritt, William Fichtner, John Hurt, Angela Bassett, Rob Lowe, Jake Busey, and David Morse co-star. It features the Very Large Array in New Mexico, the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, the Mir space station, and the Space Coast surrounding Cape Canaveral. Sagan and his wife, Ann Druyan, began working on Contact in 1979. They wrote a film treatment and set up the project at Warner Bros. with Peter Guber and Lynda Obst as producers. When development stalled, Sagan published Contact as a novel in 1985, and the film reentered development in 1989. Roland Joffé and George Miller planned to direct, but Joffé dropped out in 1993, and Warner Bros. fired Miller in 1995. With Zemeckis as director, filming ran from September 1996 to February 1997, while Sony Pictures Imageworks, Weta, Ltd. and Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) handled the visual and special effects. Sagan died before the film was completed. ( Full article...)
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Image 11Toy Story is a 1995 American animated adventure comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. It is the first installment in the Toy Story franchise and the first entirely computer-animated feature film, as well as the first feature film from Pixar. The film was directed by John Lasseter, written by Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow based on a story by Lasseter, Stanton, Pete Docter, and Joe Ranft, produced by Bonnie Arnold and Ralph Guggenheim, and features the voices of Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Annie Potts, John Ratzenberger, Don Rickles, Wallace Shawn, and Jim Varney. Taking place in a world where toys come to life when humans are not present, Toy Story follows an old-fashioned pullstring cowboy doll named Woody and a modern space cadet action figure, Buzz Lightyear, as Woody develops jealousy towards Buzz when he becomes their owner Andy's favorite toy. Following the success of the 1988 short film Tin Toy, Pixar was approached by Disney to produce a computer-animated feature film that was told from a small toy's perspective. Lasseter, Stanton, and Docter wrote early story treatments, which were rejected by Disney, who wanted the film's tone to be "edgier". After several disastrous story reels, production was halted and the script was rewritten to better reflect the tone and theme Pixar desired: "toys deeply want children to play with them, and ... this desire drives their hopes, fears, and actions". The studio, then consisting of a relatively small number of employees, produced Toy Story under minor financial constraints. ( Full article...)
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Image 12Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella (also known as simply Cinderella) is a 1997 American musical fantasy television film produced by Walt Disney Television, directed by Robert Iscove, and written by Robert L. Freedman. Based on the French fairy tale of the same name by Charles Perrault, the film is the second remake and third version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical, which originally aired on television in 1957. Adapted from Oscar Hammerstein II's book, Freedman modernized the script to appeal to more contemporary audiences by updating its themes, particularly re-writing its main character into a stronger heroine. Co-produced by Whitney Houston, who also appears as Cinderella's Fairy Godmother, the film stars Brandy in the title role and features a racially diverse ensemble cast consisting of Jason Alexander, Whoopi Goldberg, Bernadette Peters, Veanne Cox, Natalie Desselle, Victor Garber, and Paolo Montalban. Following the success of the 1993 television adaptation of the stage musical Gypsy (1959), Houston approached Gypsy's producers Craig Zadan and Neil Meron about starring in a remake of Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella for CBS. However, development was delayed for several years, during which time the network grew disinterested in the project. By the time the film was greenlit by Disney for ABC, Houston felt that she had outgrown the title role, which she offered to Brandy instead. The decision to use a color-blind casting approach originated among the producers to reflect how society had evolved by the 1990s, with Brandy becoming the first black actress to portray Cinderella on screen. Among the most significant changes made to the musical, several songs from other Rodgers and Hammerstein productions were interpolated into the film to augment its score. With a production budget of $12 million, Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella ranks among the most expensive television films ever made. ( Full article...)
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Image 13The Usual Suspects is a 1995 crime thriller film directed by Bryan Singer and written by Christopher McQuarrie. It stars Stephen Baldwin, Gabriel Byrne, Benicio del Toro, Kevin Pollak, Chazz Palminteri, Pete Postlethwaite and Kevin Spacey. The plot follows the interrogation of Roger "Verbal" Kint, a small-time con man, who is one of only two survivors of a massacre and fire on a ship docked at the Port of Los Angeles. Through flashback and narration, Kint tells an interrogator a convoluted story of events that led him and his criminal companions to the boat, and of a mysterious crime lord—known as Keyser Söze—who controlled them. The film was shot on a $6 million budget and began as a title taken from a column in Spy magazine called "The Usual Suspects", after one of Claude Rains' most memorable lines in the classic film Casablanca, and Singer thought that it would make a good title for a film. ( Full article...)
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Image 14The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated musical drama film directed by Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner, and Simon Wells, and written by Philip LaZebnik, from a story by Kelly Asbury and Lorna Cook. It is the first traditionally animated film from DreamWorks Animation, and the first to be animated entirely in-house at DWA Glendale after Amblimation was closed in 1997. The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to a prophet chosen by God to carry out his ultimate destiny of leading the Hebrews out of Egypt. It features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer. The film stars the voices of Val Kilmer, Ralph Fiennes, Michelle Pfeiffer, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Goldblum, Danny Glover, Patrick Stewart, Helen Mirren, Steve Martin, and Martin Short. DreamWorks co-founder and CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company, and he decided to put the idea into production after leaving Disney and co-founding DreamWorks Pictures in 1994. To make the project, DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and Amblimation, totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 countries. The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery, created using software from Toon Boom Technologies and Silicon Graphics. ( Full article...)
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Image 15Mars Attacks! is a 1996 American science-fiction black comedy film directed by Tim Burton, who also co-produced it with Larry J. Franco. The screenplay by Jonathan Gems was based on the Topps trading card series of the same name. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Jack Nicholson (in a dual role), Glenn Close, Annette Bening, Pierce Brosnan, Danny DeVito, Martin Short, Sarah Jessica Parker, Michael J. Fox, Pam Grier, Rod Steiger, Tom Jones, Lukas Haas, Natalie Portman, Jim Brown, Lisa Marie, and Sylvia Sidney in her final film role. Alex Cox had tried to make a Mars Attacks film in the 1980s before Burton and Gems began development in 1993. When Gems turned in his first draft in 1994, Warner Bros. commissioned rewrites from Gems, Burton, and Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski in an attempt to lower the budget to $60 million. The final production budget came to $80 million, while Warner Bros. spent another $20 million on the Mars Attacks! marketing campaign. Filming took place from February to June 1996. The film was shot in California, Nevada, Kansas, Arizona, and Argentina. ( Full article...)
1990s 1990s sailboat type designs Counterculture of the 1990s 1990s in economic history 1990s in military history 1990s missing person cases Reactions to 1990s events 1990s in professional wrestling
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- ^ Merkl, Peter; Leonard, Weinberg (2 August 2004). Right-wing Extremism in the Twenty-first Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76421-0.
- ^ "India – The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism".
- ^ ROSEN, RUTH (27 December 1994). "Which of Us Isn't Taking 'Welfare'? : Poor children rank low in government largess; why is the comfortable class so mean?". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Séguin, Gilles. "Provincial Welfare Reforms in the 1990s – Canadian Social Research Links".
- ^ Maloney, Tim (1 May 2002). "Welfare Reform and Unemployment in New Zealand". Economica. 69 (274): 273–293. doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00283.
- ^ "Policy Exchange – Shaping the Policy Agenda" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2014.
- ^ https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/12/19/report-us-executions-dipped-in-2013
- ^ Handyside, AH; Kontogianni, EH; Hardy, K; Winston, RM (1990). "Pregnancies from biopsied human preimplantation embryos sexed by Y-specific DNA amplification". Nature. 344 (6268): 768–70. Bibcode:1990Natur.344..768H. doi:10.1038/344768a0. PMID 2330030.
- ^ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2004). The Roaring Nineties. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32618-5.
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