Peruvanje Hole
| Peruvanje Hole | |
|---|---|
Location of Peruvanje Hole in Kerala | |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kasaragod district |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Peruvanje Reserve Forest, Sullia taluk |
| • coordinates | 12.4167°N 75.2500°E |
| • elevation | 220 m |
| Mouth | Chandragiri River |
• location | Near Peruvanje village, Kasaragod district |
• coordinates | 12°24′00″N 75°12′00″E / 12.40000°N 75.20000°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 8 km (5.0 mi) |
| Basin size | 28 km2 (11 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Cities | Peruvanje |
Peruvanje Hole is a minor perennial stream and left-bank tributary of the Chandragiri River in Kasaragod district, Kerala, India.[1] It originates in the Peruvanje Reserve Forest near the Kerala-Karnataka border and flows approximately 8 km through forested hills and coconut plantations before joining the Chandragiri near Peruvanje village.[2]
Course
Peruvanje Hole drains a small basin of about 28 km², primarily within Sullia taluk (Karnataka) and Kasaragod district (Kerala).[3] It supports minor irrigation and groundwater recharge in the region.[4]
Ecology
The Peruvanje Hole flows through forested foothills with riparian vegetation including bamboo, teak, and moist deciduous species typical of the Western Ghats border zone.[5] Aquatic life includes native fish such as mahseer and hill stream loaches, though monsoon flooding can disrupt habitats.[6] Conservation efforts focus on forest buffer zones and erosion control under eco-development programs.[7]
References
- ^ "River System". Irrigation Design and Research Board, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
- ^ "About District". Kasaragod District Administration. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
- ^ "Kasaragod District Panchayat Profile" (PDF). Local Self Government Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
- ^ "Minor Irrigation Schemes". Irrigation Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
- ^ "Mogral, Chandragiri and Chittari Rivers". Environmental Information System, Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
- ^ "Aquatic Ecosystems in Kerala". Kerala Forest Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
- ^ "Eco-Development Committees". Kerala Forest Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.