Otostigminae

Otostigminae
	Ethmostigmus rubripes
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Myriapoda
Class:	Chilopoda
Order:	Scolopendromorpha
Family:	Scolopendridae
Subfamily:	Otostigminae; Kraepelin, 1903
Type genus
	Otostigmus; Porat, 1876
Genera
	Alipes Imhoff, 1854; Alluropus Silvestri, 1911; Digitipes Attems, 1930; Edentistoma Tömösváry, 1882; Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898; Otostigmus Porat, 1876; Rhysida Wood, 1862; Sterropristes Attems, 1934;

Otostigminae is a large subfamily of centipedes, containing nearly half of all species in the family Scolopendridae. Members of this subfamily are abundant and widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mostly in Africa, Asia (particularly Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent), and Australia.^[1] The type genus Otostigmus^[2] is the most speciose within the subfamily.^[3]

Classification

This subfamily includes the following genera and species:^[4]

Alipes Imhoff, 1854^[5]

A. appendiculatus Pocock, 1896
A. calcipes Cook, 1897
A. crotalus (Gerstaecker, 1854)
A. grandidieri Lucas, 1864
A. madecassus Saussure & Zehntner, 1902
A. multicostis Imhoff, 1854

Alluropus Silvestri, 1911^[6]

A. demangei Silvestri, 1912

Digitipes Attems, 1930^[7]

D. barnabasi Jangi & Dass, 1984
D. chhotanii Jangi & Dass, 1984
D. coonoorensis Jangi & Dass, 1984
D. jangii Joshi & Edgecombe, 2013
D. jonesii (Verhoeff, 1938)
D. kalewaensis Siriwut, Edgecombe & Panha, 2015
D. krausi Dobroruka, 1968
D. periyarensis Joshi & Edgecombe, 2013
D. pruthii Jangi & Dass, 1984
D. reichardti (Kraepelin, 1903)
D. verdascens Attems, 1930

Edentistoma Tömösváry, 1882^[8]

E. octosulcatum Tömösváry, 1882

Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898^[9]

E. agasthyamalaiensis Joshi & Edgecombe, 2018
E. albidus (Tömösváry, 1885)
E. brownii (Butler, 1877)
E. californicus Chamberlin, 1958
E. coonooranus Chamberlin, 1920
E. curtipes Koch, 1983
E. granulosus Pocock 1898
E. muiri Koch, 1983
E. nuidor Koch, 1983
E. pachysoma Koch, 1983
E. parkeri Koch, 1983
E. praveeni Joshi & Edgecombe, 2018
E. pygomegas (Kohlrausch, 1878)
E. relictus Chamberlin, 1944
E. rubripes (Brandt, 1840)
E. rugosus (Haase, 1887)
E. sahyadrensis Joshi & Edgecombe, 2018
E. trigonopodus (Leach, 1817)
E. tristis (Meinert, 1886)
E. venenosus (Attems, 1897)
E. waiainus Chamberlin, 1920

Otostigmus Porat, 1876^[10]

O. aculeatus Haase, 1887
O. amazonae Chamberlin, 1914
O. amballae Chamberlin, 1913
O. angusticeps Pocock, 1898
O. armatus Attems, 1953
O. asper Haase, 1887
O. astenus (Kohlrausch, 1878)
O. ateles Chamberlin, 1920
O. australianus Attems, 1930
O. beckeri Chagas Jr., 2012
O. beroni Lewis, 2001
O. brevidentatus Verhoeff, 1937
O. bürgeri Attems, 1903
O. burnmurdochi Gravely, 1912
O. calcanus Chamberlin, 1944
O. caraibicus Kraepelin, 1903
O. carbonelli Bücherl, 1939
O. caudatus Brölemann, 1902
O. cavalcanti Bücherl, 1939
O. celebensis Attems, 1934
O. ceylonicus Haase, 1887
O. chiltoni Archey, 1921
O. clavifer Chamberlin, 1921
O. cooperi Chamberlin, 1942
O. cuneiventris Porat, 1893
O. dammermani Chamberlin, 1944
O. demelloi Verhoeff, 1937
O. denticulatus (Pocock, 1896)
O. diringshofeni Bücherl, 1969
O. dolosus Attems, 1928
O. expectus Bücherl, 1959
O. feae Pocock, 1891
O. fossuliger Verhoeff, 1937
O. foveolatus Verhoeff, 1937
O. füellerborni Kraepelin, 1903
O. gemmifer Attems, 1928
O. geophilinus Haase, 1887
O. giupponii Chagas Jr., 2012
O. goeldii Brölemann, 1898
O. gravelyi (Jangi & Dass, 1984)
O. gymnopus Silvestri, 1898
O. inermipes Porat, 1893
O. inermis Porat, 1876
O. insignis Kraepelin, 1903
O. kashmiranus Lewis, 1992
O. kervillei Karsch, 1888
O. kivuensis (Dobroruka, 1968)
O. lanceolatus Chagas Jr., 2012
O. lavanus Chamberlin, 1957
O. lawrencei Dobroruka, 1968
O. leior Chamberlin, 1955
O. limbatus Meinert, 1886
O. longicornis (Tömösväry, 1885)
O. loriae Silvestri, 1894
O. martensi Lewis, 1992
O. mesethus Chamberlin, 1957
O. metallicus Haase, 1887
O. mians Chamberlin, 1930
O. multidens Haase, 1887
O. muticus Karsch, 1888
O. nemorensis Silvestri, 1895
O. niasensis Silvestri, 1895
O. noduliger Verhoeff, 1937
O. nudus Pocock, 1890
O. oatesi Kraepelin, 1903
O. occidentalis Meinert, 1886
O. olivaceus Attems, 1934
O. orientalis Porat, 1876
O. pahangiensis Verhoeff, 1937
O. pamuanus Chamberlin, 1920
O. parvior Chamberlin, 1957
O. pococki Kraepelin, 1903
O. politus Karsch, 1881
O. poonamae Khanna & Tripathi, 1986
O. productus Karsch, 1884
O. proponens Chamberlin, 1920
O. punctiventer (Tömösväry, 1885)
O. reservatus Schileyko, 1995
O. rex Chamberlin, 1914
O. rugulosus Porat, 1876
O. saltensis Coscarón, 1959
O. salticus Schileyko, Iorio & Coulis, 2018
O. samacus Chamberlin, 1944
O. scaber Porat, 1876
O. scabricauda (Humbert & Saussure, 1870)
O. schoutedeni (Dobroruka, 1968)
O. seychellarum Attems, 1900
O. silvestrii Kraepelin, 1903
O. sinicolens Chamberlin, 1930
O. spiculifer Pocock, 1893
O. spinicaudus (Newport, 1844)
O. spinosus Porat, 1876
O. striolatus Verhoeff, 1937
O. sucki Kraepelin, 1903
O. suitus Chamberlin, 1914
O. sulcatus Meinert, 1886
O. sulcipes Verhoeff, 1937
O. sumatranus Haase, 1887
O. sutteri Würmli, 1972
O. taeniatus Pocock, 1896
O. tanganjikus Verhoeff, 1941
O. telus Chamberlin, 1939
O. therezopolis Chamberlin, 1944
O. tibialis Brölemann, 1902
O. tidius Chamberlin, 1914
O. trisulcatus Verhoeff, 1937
O. troglodytes Ribaut, 1914
O. tuberculatus (Kohlrausch, 1878)
O. volcanus Chamberlin, 1955
O. voprosus Schileyko, 1992

Rhysida Wood, 1862^[11]

R. afra (Peters, 1855)
R. anodonta Lawrence, 1968
R. brasiliensis Kraepelin, 1903
R. calcarata Pocock, 1891
R. carinulata (Haase, 1887)
R. celeris (Humbert & Saussure, 1870)
R. ceylonica Gravely, 1912
R. chacona Verhoeff, 1944
R. corbetti Khanna, 1994
R. crassispina Kraepelin, 1903
R. ikhamala Joshi, Karanth & Edgecombe, 2019
R. immarginata (Porat, 1876)
R. intermedia Attems, 1910
R. jonesi Lewis, 2002
R. konda Joshi, Karanth & Edgecombe, 2019
R. leviventer Attems, 1953
R. lewisi Joshi, Karanth & Edgecombe, 2019
R. lithobioides (Newport, 1845)
R. longicarinulata Khanna & Tripathi, 1986
R. longicornis Pocock, 1891
R. longipes (Newport, 1845)
R. manchurica Miyoshi, 1939
R. marginata Attems, 1953
R. monalii Khanna & Kumar, 1984
R. monaquensis González-Sponga, 2002
R. monticola (Pocock, 1891)
R. neocrassispina Jangi & Dass, 1984
R. nuda (Newport, 1845)
R. pazhuthara Joshi, Karanth & Edgecombe, 2019
R. polycantha Koch, 1985
R. riograndensis Bücherl, 1939
R. rubra Bücherl, 1939
R. sada Joshi, Karanth & Edgecombe, 2019
R. singaporiensis Verhoeff, 1937
R. stuhlmanni Kraepelin, 1903
R. suvana Chamberlin, 1920
R. trispinosa Jangi & Dass, 1984
R. ventrisulcus Attems, 1930

Sterropristes Attems, 1934^[12]

S. sarasinorum Attems, 1934
S. violaceus Muadsub, Sutcharit, Pimvichai, Enghoff, Edgecombe & Panha, 2012

Gallery

Alipes sp. photographed in South Africa
R. nuda photographed in Brisbane, Australia
E. trignopodus photographed in South Africa
O. pococki photographed in Trinidad
E. trigonopodus photographed in Tanzania

References

^ Siriwut, Warut; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Tongkerd, Piyoros; Panha, Somsak (2018). "Systematic revision and phylogenetic reassessment of the centipede genera Rhysida Wood, 1862 and Alluropus Silvestri, 1912 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) in Southeast Asia, with further discussion of the subfamily Otostigminae". Invertebrate Systematics. 32 (5). CSIRO Publishing: 1005–1049. doi:10.1071/IS17081. S2CID 91788424.
^ Kraepelin, Karl (1903). "Revision der Scolopendriden". Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg (in German). 20: 94–97 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
^ Chagas-Júnior, Amazonas. "The centipede genus Otostigmus Porat in Brazil: Description of three new species from the Atlantic Forest; a summary and an identification key to the Brazilian species of this genus (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae, Otostigminae)". Zootaxa. 3280 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3280.1.1. ISSN 1175-5326.
^ "Otostigminae Kraepelin 1903". Encyclopedia of Life. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
^ Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Alipes Imhoff, 1854". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Alluropus Silvestri, 1911". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Digitipes Attems, 1930". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Edentistoma Tömösváry, 1882". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Otostigmus Porat, 1876". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Rhysida Wood, 1862". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Sterropristes Attems, 1934". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[SiriwutEtAll-1] Siriwut, Warut; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Tongkerd, Piyoros; Panha, Somsak (2018). "Systematic revision and phylogenetic reassessment of the centipede genera Rhysida Wood, 1862 and Alluropus Silvestri, 1912 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) in Southeast Asia, with further discussion of the subfamily Otostigminae". Invertebrate Systematics. 32 (5). CSIRO Publishing: 1005–1049. doi:10.1071/IS17081. S2CID 91788424.

[2] Kraepelin, Karl (1903). "Revision der Scolopendriden". Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg (in German). 20: 94–97 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[3] Chagas-Júnior, Amazonas. "The centipede genus Otostigmus Porat in Brazil: Description of three new species from the Atlantic Forest; a summary and an identification key to the Brazilian species of this genus (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae, Otostigminae)". Zootaxa. 3280 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3280.1.1. ISSN 1175-5326.

[EOL-4] "Otostigminae Kraepelin 1903". Encyclopedia of Life. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2023.

[ChilobaseAlipes-5] Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Alipes Imhoff, 1854". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[ChilobaseAlluropus-6] Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Alluropus Silvestri, 1911". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[ChilobaseDigitipes-7] Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Digitipes Attems, 1930". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[ChilobaseEdentistoma-8] Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Edentistoma Tömösváry, 1882". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[ChilobaseEthmostigmus-9] Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[ChilobaseOtostigmus-10] Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Otostigmus Porat, 1876". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[ChilobaseRhysida-11] Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Rhysida Wood, 1862". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

[ChilobaseSterropristes-12] Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Sterropristes Attems, 1934". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-07-20.

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