Mosquera family

Mosquera
Coat of arms of the Mosquera family, as reproduced in El gran general: Más allá del poder y la gloria, combining the arms of the Mosquera y Figueroa, Arboleda Salazar, Prieto de Tovar, Vergara, Silva, Hurtado de Mendoza, and Urrutia y Guzmán lineages.
Joaquín Mosquera
Manuel José Mosquera
Current regionColombia, Spain, United States
Earlier spellingsMoscón (in Extremaduran)
Place of originBadajoz, Spain
Founded16th century
FounderCristóbal de Mosquera y Figueroa
Final rulerVíctor Mosquera Chaux
Titles
List
Connected familiesArboleda family
Epalza family
Figueroa family
Salazar family
Valencia family
Vergara family
TraditionsRoman Catholic Church
MottoVictorious and never defeated

The Mosquera Family is a prominent colombian aristocratic and political family, originated in Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain.Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries its members played a major role in the political, economic, religious and social life of New Granada and later Colombia specially in the Cauca region and Popayán, in what is today southwestern Colombia.

Three of its most prominent members, Joaquín de Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda Vergara, who served as Regent of Spain in 1812, Joaquín Mosquera and Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera,[1] [2]served as presidents of Colombia (or its predecessor states), and numerous relatives were influential politicians, soldiers, diplomats, ecclesiastics and businessmen.[3][4][5][6]Simón Bolívar named José María Mosquera as 'the first citizen of America' and his family, as the favorite family of The Liberator in all of Gran Colombia.[7][8]

History

All descendants from Cristóbal de Mosquera y Figueroa, considered the first Mosquera to settle permanently in the New Kingdom of Granada. Born in Badajoz, Extremadura, in the 16th century, he was one of the sons of a knight commander of the Order of Santiago,. Several of his brothers took part in the conquest of Florida and Central America and for that reason they first went to Florida but ended moving back to Peru where he received an encomienda.

By the early 19th century, the family were one of the richest and most powerful families of New Granada. They had gold mines[9] and a considerable number of slaved people who served at their hacienda in Cauca.[10] They made ties with consolidated families and aristocratic houses of the New Kingdom of Granada, especially the Arboleda Family, Valencia Family and Vergara Family. Also other lineages with some importance, such as the Rodríguez Gil of Popayán.[11] One of them, Joaquín de Mosquera was a jurist and statesman who first served in Bogotá and later as regent of Spain, effectively acting as head of state of the Spanish monarchy in 1812, he was made a knight of the order of Isabella the Catholic for his services to the crown.[12]

Independence and Gran Colombia

From the independence period through the mid-nineteenth century, members of the family occupied some of the highest offices in the Spanish monarchy and in the emerging Colombian state. During the wars of independence against Spain and the formation of Gran Colombia, the Mosquera–Arboleda alliance became the most important regional pillar of support for Simón Bolívar.[13] In exchange of their money, political and military capacities they sought to preserve their local power and favored them in Bogotá. Later many members held high positions in the institutions of Gran Colombia and its successor states.[14]

Joaquín Mosquera y Arboleda became President of Gran Colombia in 1830 and his brother Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera held the presidency of New Granada, the Granadine Confederation and the United States of Colombia on several occasions[15], also received a unique title in the history of Colombia called Gran General.[16] Other relatives served as ministers, senators, governors, judges, bishops[17] and diplomats in Gran Colombia and its successor states, reinforcing the family’s reputation as a dynastic ruling house and after a while the family of General Tomás Cipriano Mosquera was popularly called the "Royal Family of Colombia" during the so-called Age of Caudillos (1830–1875).[18][19]

In his testament, General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera set out his full compound name — I,Tomás Cipriano Ignacio María de Mosquera-Figueroa y Arboleda-Salazar, Prieto de Tovar, Vergara, Silva, Hurtado de Mendoza, Urrutia y Guzmán — and claimed descent, through his father, from a “prince of Muscovy” and from the dukes of Feria and Alba, and through his mother from the same houses and from the Hurtado de Mendoza, grandes of Spain. — He stated that this lineage was supported by genealogical documents and by a letter from Empress Eugénie of France, presented as evidence of a common ancestor (Guzmán el Bueno).[20][21]

Víctor Manuel Mosquera Chaux was one of the most prominent twentieth-century political figures of the Mosquera family, he was a lawyer, journalist, and statesman, held several high-ranking offices in the Colombian government, including Colombia ambassador to the United States and became twice Presidential Designate, serving briefly as Acting President of Colombia in February 1981.[22][23][24]


Toponymy

References

  1. ^ Veatch, Arthur Clifford (1917). Quito to Bogotá. George H. Doran Company.
  2. ^ Williams, Henry Smith (1907). The Historians' History of the World. History association.
  3. ^ Arellano, Luis Ervin Pardo; Valencia, David Fernando Prado (2010). "La familia Mosquera y Arboleda y el proyecto bolivariano (1821–1830)". Memoria y Sociedad (in Spanish). 14 (29): 55–69. ISSN 2248-6992.
  4. ^ Mosquera, Joaquín; Mosquera, Manuel José; Mosquera, Manuel María; Mosquera, Tomás Cipriano de (2015-05-26). "Árbol genealógico de la familia Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda" (in Spanish). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ La Familia Mosquera y Arboleda y El Proyecto Bolivariano (1821–1830).
  6. ^ Chapman-Quevedo, Willian Alfredo (July 20, 2010). "La red sociofamiliar Mosquera y sus relaciones de poder en Popayán, 1832–1836". Memoria y Sociedad. 14 (29): 37–54 – via SciELO.
  7. ^ Moya, José Manuel Huidobro (2025-02-10). 100 Hidalgos Americanos: Descendientes de conquistadores y emigrantes (in Spanish). Vision Libros. ISBN 978-84-129340-9-0.
  8. ^ Llorente, José María Arboleda (1960). Guía de la ciudad de Popayán: historico turística (in Spanish). Universidad del Cauca.
  9. ^ Restrepo, Vicente (1886). A Study of the Gold & Silver Mines of Colombia. Colombian Consulate.
  10. ^ Barragan, Yesenia (July 2021). Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-83232-8.
  11. ^ Leoz, Juana María Marín (2008-12-01). Gente decente: la élite rectora de la capital, 1797-1803 (in Spanish). Fondo Editorial ICANH. ISBN 978-958-8181-53-0.
  12. ^ Vergara y Vergara, J. M. (1867). Historia de la literatura en Nueva Granada: Desde la conquista hasta la independencia (1538–1820). Bogotá, Colombia: Echeverría Hermanos
  13. ^ Arellano, Luis Ervin Pardo; Valencia, David Fernando Prado (2010). "La familia Mosquera y Arboleda y el proyecto bolivariano (1821-1830)". Memoria y Sociedad (in Spanish). 14 (29): 55–69. ISSN 2248-6992.
  14. ^ Adams, Charles Kendall (1894). Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia: A New Edition. D. Appleton, A.J. Johnson.
  15. ^ Osterling, Jorge Pablo (1988-12-01). Democracy in Colombia: Clientelist Politics and Guerrilla Warfare. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-2152-0.
  16. ^ Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005). Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4027-2592-0.
  17. ^ The Universal Cyclopædia. D. Appleton. 1900.
  18. ^ Henderson, Peter V. N. (2013-08-01). The Course of Andean History. UNM Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-5337-5.
  19. ^ Murray, Pamela S. (2009-01-01). "Mujeres, género y política en la joven república colombiana: una mirada desde la correspondencia personal del General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, 1859-1862". Historia Crítica (in Spanish) (37): 54–71. doi:10.7440/histcrit37.2009.04. ISSN 1900-6152. Archived from the original on 2024-11-17.
  20. ^ Beginning of the Will of General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera granted on April 25, 1878, in Popayán, Cauca
  21. ^ Henry, Velasco, Omar (2018-08-31). El gran general: Más allá del poder y la gloria (in Spanish). Editorial Universidad del Cauca. ISBN 978-958-56724-0-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (2008-02-12). "Colombia". 2001-2009.state.gov. Retrieved 2025-12-09.
  23. ^ "Colombian Embassy to Great Britain and Northern Ireland". www.colombianembassy.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-08-05. Retrieved 2025-12-09.
  24. ^ www.banrepcultural.org https://www.banrepcultural.org/biblioteca-virtual/credencial-historia/numero-94/dario-echandia-el-designado-por-excelencia. Retrieved 2025-12-09. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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