Metopininae
| Metopininae | |
|---|---|
| Apocephalus longistylus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Superfamily: | Platypezoidea |
| Family: | Phoridae |
| Subfamily: | Metopininae |
The Metopininae are the largest subfamily of flies in the family Phoridae, largely due to the inclusion of the extremely species-rich genus Megaselia.[1] Members of this subfamily are widespread and common, with species such as Megaselia scalaris being particularly ubiquitous
Taxonomy
.
Tribe: Beckerinini
Tribe: Metopinini Peterson 1987[3]
- Acanthophorides Borgmeier, 1924[4]
- Acontistoptera Brues, 1902[5]
- Apocephalus Coquillett, 1901[6]
- Auxanommatidia Borgmeier, 1924[4]
- Cataclinusa Schmitz, 1927[7]
- Chonocephalus Wandolleck, 1898[8]
- Commoptera Brues, 1901[9]
- Cremersia Schmitz, 1924[10]
- Dacnophora Borgmeier, 1961[11]
- Diocophora Borgmeier, 1959[12]
- Ecitomyia Brues, 1901[9]
- Ecitoptera Borgmeier & Schmitz, 1923[13]
- Gymnophora Macquart, 1835[14]
- Kerophora Brown, 1988[15]
- Lecanocerus Borgmeier, 1962[16]
- Megaselia Rondani, 1856[17]
- Melaloncha Brues, 1903[18]
- Menozziola Schmitz, 1927[19]
- Metopina Macquart, 1835[14]
- Microselia Schmitz, 1934[20]
- Myrmosicarius Borgmeier, 1928[21]
- Neodohrniphora Malloch, 1914[22]
- Pericyclocera Schmitz, 1927[23]
- Phalacrotophora Enderlein, 1912[24]
- Phymatopterella Brues, 1933[25]
- Physoptera Borgmeier, 1958[26]
- Pseudacteon Coquillett, 1907[27]
- Puliciphora Dahl, 1897[28]
- Rhyncophoromyia Malloch, 1923[29]
- Stenophorina Borgmeier, 1963[30]
- Styletta Borgmeier, 1960[31]
- Syneura Brues, 1903[32]
- Trophithauma Schmitz, 1925[33]
- Trophodeinus Borgmeier, 1960[31]
- Xanionotum Brues, 1902[5]
Ecology
Members of the subfamily Metopininae exhibit diverse ecological habits, particularly within the large genus Megaselia. Larvae of many species are saprophagous, developing in decaying organic material such as fruit, fungi, or compost, while others act as parasitoids. For example, Megaselia scalaris has been recorded as a parasitoid of Isognathus caricae caterpillars.[34] Certain Metopininae species are also regarded as agricultural pests. “Cob flies” (various Megaselia spp.) are known to infest sweet corn, where larvae feed on developing kernels.[35]
References
- ^ Marshall, Stephen A. (2012). Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-77085-100-8.
- ^ Malloch, J.R. (1910). "Scottish Phoridae, with tables of all the British species, and notes of localities". Scottish Naturalist. 1910: 15–21.
- ^ Peterson, B. V. (1987). "Phoridae. Canada Department of Agriculture Research Branch, Monograph no. 27". Manual of Nearctic Diptera. 2: 689–712.
- ^ a b Borgmeier, T. (1924). "Novos generos e especies de phorideos do Brasil". Boletim do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro. 1: 167–202.
- ^ a b Brues, C.T. (1902). "New and little known guests of the Texan legionary ants" (PDF). American Naturalist. 36 (425): 365–378. doi:10.1086/278138. JSTOR 2453445. S2CID 84853668. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ Coquillett, Daniel William (1901). "[Apocephalus n. gen.]. In: Pergande, the ant decapitating fly". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 4: 501. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ Schmitz, H. (1927). "Revision der Phoridengattungen mit Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 16: 72–79.
- ^ Wandolleck, Benno (1898). "Die Stethopathidae, eine neue flugel- und schwingerlose Familie der Diptera". Zoologischer Jahrbücher (Syst.). 11: 412–441. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ a b Brues, C.T. (1901). "wo new myrmecophilous genera of aberrant Phoridae from Texas". American Naturalist. 35 (413): 337–356. doi:10.1086/277919. hdl:2152/31121. S2CID 14741528.
- ^ Schmitz, H. (1924). "Een nieuwe phoride, Cremersia zikani n. g. n. sp". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 13: 32–34.
- ^ Borgmeier, T. (1961). "Weitere Beitraege zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Phoriden, nebst Beschreibung einiger Dohrniphora-Arten aus der indo-australischen Region (Diptera, Phoridae)". Studia Entomologica. 4: 1–112.
- ^ Borgmeier, T. (1959). "Neue und wenig bekannte Phoriden aus der neotropischen Region. Nebst einigen Arten aud dem Belgischen Congo-Gebiet (Diptera, Phoridae)". Studia Entomologica. 2: 129–208.
- ^ Schmitz, H. (1923). "Zwei neue Phoriden aus Argentinien, von H. Schmitz S. J.". Revista del Museo de La Plata. 27: 209–212.
- ^ a b Macquart, P.J.M. (1835). Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Diptères. Tome deuxieme. Paris: Roret. pp. 710 pp., 12 pls.
- ^ Brown, B.V. (1988). "Additions to the phorid chapter in the Manual of Nearctic Diptera". The Canadian Entomologist. 120: 307–322. doi:10.4039/Ent120307-4. S2CID 84401843.
- ^ Borgmeier, T. (1962). "Some new North American species of the dipterous family Phoridae". Revista Brasileira de Biologia. 22: 65–82. PMID 13871322.
- ^ Rondani, Camillo (1856). Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus. Vol: I. Genera italica ordinis Dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. Parmae [= Parma].: A. Stocchi. pp. 226 + [2] pp.
- ^ Brues, Charles Thomas (1904). "A monograph of the North American Phoridae". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. (1903) 29: 369–404. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ Schmitz, H. (1927). "Revision der Phoridengattungen mit Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 16: 92–100.
- ^ Schmitz, H. (1934). "Eine neue parasitische Phoride aus dem Mittelmeergebiet. Microselia rivierae n. g., n. sp". Brotéria (Serie Ciências Naturais). 3: 10–14.
- ^ Borgmeier, Thomas (1928). "Nota previa sobre alguns phorideos que parasitam formigas cortadeiras dos generos Atta e AcroPmyrmex". Bol. Biol. Lab. Arasit. Fac. Med. S. Paulo. 1928: 119–126.
- ^ Malloch, J.R. (1914). "Costa Rican Diptera collected by Philip P. Calvert, Paper I. A partial report on the Borboridae, Phoridae and Agromyzidae". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 40: 8–36, 1 plate.
- ^ Schmitz, H. (1927). "Klassifikation der Phoriden und Gattungsschluessel [concl.]". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 16: 19–28.
- ^ Enderlein, G. (1912). "Die Phoridenfauna Süd-Brasiliens". Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 73: 16–45.
- ^ Brues, C.T. (1933). "A new genus of Phoridae from Peru" (PDF). Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 40 (3): 106–111. doi:10.1155/1933/63795. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ Borgmeier, Thomaz (1958). "Neue Beitraege zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Phoriden (Diptera, Phoridae)". Studia Entomologica. 1: 305–406.
- ^ Coquillett, D.W. (1907). "A new phorid genus with horny ovipositor". The Canadian Entomologist. 39 (6): 207–208. doi:10.4039/Ent39207-6. S2CID 84271314.
- ^ Dahl, F.T. (1897). "Puliciphora, eine neue flohahnliche Fliegengattung". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 20: 409–412.
- ^ Malloch, John Russell (1923). "A new genus of Phoridae (Diptera)". Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 18: 143–144. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ Borgmeier, T. (1963). "Revision of the North American Phorid Flies. Part 1. (Dipt. Phoridae)". Studia Entomologica. 6: 1–256.
- ^ a b Borgmeier, T. (1960). "Nota previa sobre quatro generos novos da familia Phoridae (Diptera)". Studia Entomologica. 3: 489–492.
- ^ Aldrich, J.M. "New Diptera, or two-winged flies, from America, Asia, and Java, with additional notes". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 81 (9): 28 pp., 1 pl. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ Schmitz, H. (1925). "Trophithauma, eine neue Phoridengattung aus Costa Rica und den Philippinen". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 14: 40.
- ^ Disney, R.H.L. (2008). "A new record of the scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) as a parasitoid of Isognathus caricae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)". Entomological Communications. 20: 1–4.
- ^ "Cob Flies, Megaselia spp. (Insecta: Diptera: Phoridae)". Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Retrieved 7 October 2025.