Clear-cell carcinoma

Clear-cell carcinoma, also known as clear-cell adenocarcinoma and mesonephroma,[1] is an epithelial-cell-derived carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells observed during histological, diagnostic assessment. This form of cancer is classified as a rare cancer with an incidence of 4.8% in white patients, 3.1% in black patients, and 11.1% in Asian patients.[2][3]

Clear-cell carcinoma may arise in multiple tissue types including the kidney (clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma), ovary (ovarian clear-cell carcinoma),[4] uterus (uterine clear-cell carcinoma) or gastrointestinal tract (colorectal clear-cell carcinoma).[5] The clear-cell variant is also a histomorphological pattern of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This is where the cytoplasm is almost completely translucent in the exocrine cells of the pancreas and very exaggerated nuclei are visible. This clear cell pattern can be mistaken for a benign tumor, leading to challenges with accurate and timely diagnoses. [6]

Treatment options for clear cell carcinoma vary by the tissue type affected. It may include a combination of chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin or irinotecan plus cisplatin) and surgical resection in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma;[4] debulking or resection paired with chemotherapy (cisplatin) in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma;[2] cytokine therapy (IL-2, interferon), kinase inhibitors (temsirolimus, sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib) and anti-angiogenic therapies (bevacizumab).[3]

References

  1. ^ "Clear cell carcinoma". NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (NCI). 2011-02-02.
  2. ^ a b Fujiwara K, Shintani D, Nishikawa T (April 2016). "Clear-cell carcinoma of the ovary". Annals of Oncology. 27 Suppl 1 (suppl_1): i50 – i52. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw086. PMID 27141072.
  3. ^ a b "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  4. ^ a b Takano M, Tsuda H, Sugiyama T (June 2012). "Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: is there a role of histology-specific treatment?". Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 31 (1): 53. doi:10.1186/1756-9966-31-53. PMC 3405444. PMID 22655678.
  5. ^ Remo A, Grillo F, Mastracci L, Fassan M, Sina S, Zanella C, et al. (May 2017). "Clear cell colorectal carcinoma: Time to clarify diagnosis". Pathology, Research and Practice. 213 (5): 447–452. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2017.02.013. PMID 28285963.
  6. ^ Taherian, M., Wang, H., & Wang, H. (2022). Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Molecular Pathology and Predictive Biomarkers. Cells, 11(19), 3068. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11193068
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