Maadi-Buto culture

The Maadi-Buto culture, also Maadian culture or Lower Egyptian culture,[2] was a culture of Prehistoric Egypt. It consists in about a dozen sites, including the excavated cemetery and settlement complex Maadi near modern Cairo. The Maadian culture is first identified during the second part of Naqada I and continued until Naqada IIc/d, when it was replaced by the Naqada II culture. Major sites include el-Gerza, Haraga, Abusir el-Melek, and Minshat Abu Omar.[3]

History

The Maadian culture emerged from the earliest Neolithic sites of the Nile Valley, in the Faiyum region and at Merimda Beni Salama and el-Omari. It was much less developed than the contemporary cultures of Naqada I and Naqada II.[3]

Settlements had walls made from plant material, formed from wooden posts and wattle-and-daub screens.[2] Cemeteries had few burial goods.[2] Pottery was globular with a broad, flat base, a rather narrow neck, and flared rims.[3] Pottery and flintwork have strong similarities with the contemporary Chalcolithic culture of Palestine.[2]

Downfall

The people of Naqada II and Naqada III seem to have expanded northward into Lower Egypt, replacing the Maadian culture.[4] Maadi was first conquered during Naqada II c-d.[4] The cultures of Lower Egypt were replaced by Upper Egypt and Naqada culture by the end of Naqada II circa 3200 BCE.[4][2] The Maadian culture of Buto, Tell Ibrahim Awad, Tell el-Rub'a, and Tell el-Farkha were vacated, giving way to the Naqada III culture.[4]

  • Chronology of state formation in Ancient Egypt.[5]
  • Lower-Egypt basalt jars in the shape of pottery from Maadi, Naqada I–II period, British Museum EA 34398, EA 26654

References

  1. ^ Brovarski, Edward (2016). "Reflections on the Battlefield and Libyan Booty Palettes". In Vandijk, J. (ed.). Another Mouthful of Dust: Egyptological Studies in Honour of Geoffrey Thorndike Martin. Leiden: Peeters. pp. 81–89.
  2. ^ a b c d e Kemp 2018, pp. 22-23/44.
  3. ^ a b c Shaw 2003, pp. 53–55.
  4. ^ a b c d Shaw 2003, p. 59.
  5. ^ Kemp 2018, pp. 14/44, Fig.2.6.

Sources

  • Shaw, Ian, ed. (2003). The Oxford history of ancient Egypt. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780192804587.
  • Kemp, Barry John (2018). Ancient Egypt: anatomy of a civilization (3rd ed.). New-York (NY): Routledge. ISBN 978-0415827263.
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