List of wild concentration camps

This is a list of concentration camps established independently by Nazi-affiliated groups and organizations (such as the SA, the SS, and police) before the process was centralized by Heinrich Himmler in 1934.[1] These camps were established in a variety of usually abandoned buildings, including workhouses, factories, cellars, and taverns to imprison mostly political prisoners. They are known as "wild" concentration camps (German: wilde Konzentrationslager) due to their ad-hoc nature and lack of oversight.[1][2][3] The 1933 Schutzhaft Protective Custody Order was the main pretense for interning German citizens in wild concentration camps.[4]

Lists of Wilde Konzentrationslager.
Name Established Disestablished Former usage
Breslau-Dürrgoy concentration camp 12 March 1933 10 August 1933 Fertilizer factory
Oranienburg concentration camp 21 March 1933 4 July 1934 Disused brewery
Hainichen concentration camp 4 April 1933 13 June 1933 Sports center
Börgermoor concentration camp[5] 22 June 1933 May 1934 Part of the Prussian Emslandlager system
Esterwegen concentration camp 20 June 1933 Summer 1936 Part of the Prussian Emslandlager system
Neusustrum concentration camp[6] 1 September 1933 April 1945 Part of the Prussian Emslandlager system
Vulkanwerft concentration camp 20 October 1933 11 March 1934 Shipyards
Columbia-Haus July 1933 5 November 1936 Military police station
Dachau concentration camp 9 March 1933 29 April 1945 Gunpowder and munitions Factory
Sonnenburg 3 April 1933 23 April 1934 Former Prison
Nohra 3 March 1933 Unknown School
Ahrensbök[7] October 3, 1933 May 1934 Residential Building for a Sugar Factory[7]
Alt Daber[8] 28 April 1933 July 1933 Children's Home and Sanatorium
Bad Sulza[9] October 1933 July 1937 Old Hotel[9]
Brandenburg Euthanasia Centre August 1933 February 1934 State Welfare Institute
Börnicke[10] 1 June 1933 Unknown Former Cement Factory[10]
Breitenau concentration camp June 1933 2 September 1945 Residence
Kemna concentration camp 5 July 1933 19 January 1934 Textile Factory

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Litzinger, Martin; Pallavicini, Stephen (6 May 2025). "BERGKAMEN-SCHÖNHAUSEN". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. doi:10.1353/document.1272. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  2. ^ "Definition of Konzentrationslager". fcit.usf.edu. The Florida Center for Instructional Technology. Retrieved 2 October 2025.
  3. ^ "The Nazi Camp System: Terminology". United States Holocaust Museum. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2025.
  4. ^ "Law and Justice in the Third Reich". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  5. ^ "Börgermoor Camp". Holocaust Museum, Washington. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
  6. ^ "Penal Camp Neusustrum (Emslandlager V) - Sustrumermoor - TracesOfWar.com". www.tracesofwar.com. Retrieved 25 November 2025.
  7. ^ a b "Geschichte - Gedenkstätte Ahrensbök". gedenkstaetteahrensboek.de (in German). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  8. ^ White, Joseph Robert (6 May 2025). "ALT DABER". Holocaust Encyclopedia. doi:10.1353/document.1262. Retrieved 25 November 2025.
  9. ^ a b "Bad Sulza Concentration Camp - Bad Sulza - TracesOfWar.com". www.tracesofwar.com. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  10. ^ a b Woinar, Klaus; White, Joseph Robert (6 May 2025). "BÖRNICKE [also MEISSNERSHOF]". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. doi:10.1353/document.1284. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
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