Lists of executed people for religious offenses, including heresy, apostasy, impiety, desecration and blasphemy. This list includes people executed legally and semi-legally but not people murdered extrajudicially.
This list is incomplete, you can help expanding it. Please do not execute anyone or commit religious offenses in order to expand this list.
List
Afghanistan
Austria
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method
|
| Franz Wunderlich[1]
|
1688
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Anna Rossenberger (19)[1]
|
1697
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Anna Rosina[1]
|
1702
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Francisca Rosenburgerin (19)[1]
|
12 May 1705
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Catherina N. (24)[1]
|
17 February 1707
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Elisabeth Stainin (23)[1]
|
16 March 1708
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Hans Georg Fritsch (47)[1]
|
June 1709
|
Blasphemy
|
Beheading
|
| Elizabeth N. (31)[1]
|
10 December 1709
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Anna Kaufeuthner (28)[1]
|
1710
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Johann Posch (19)[1]
|
7 June 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Anna Catherina Köpferin (18)[1]
|
12 July 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Clara Dorothea Jancovitschin (23)[1]
|
30 August 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Susanna Grallin (19)[1]
|
27 September 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Magdalena Zechirlin (20)[1]
|
| Maria Elisabeth N. (20)[1]
|
17 November 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Benigna Rosina Weninger (17)[1]
|
23 November 1712
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Magdalena N. (18)[1]
|
8 February 1713
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Stefan Maurer (16)[1]
|
9 August 1713
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed girl (15)[1]
|
31 August 1713
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Magdalena N. (19)[1]
|
20 October 1713
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed woman (26)[1]
|
2 March 1714
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed woman (20)[1]
|
24 March 1714
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed woman (19)[1]
|
8 August 1714
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Andreas Mühlbacher (17)[1]
|
27 March 1715
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Maria Anna Wälnerin (22)[1]
|
3 April 1715
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Adam Hirschbeck (15)[1]
|
18 June 1715
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Andreas Frisch (16)[1]
|
13 December 1715
|
Blasphemy
|
Beheading
|
| Anna Margaretha N. (26)[1]
|
25 October 1716
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Anna Maria Nitzlin[1]
|
November 1718
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
| Unnamed woman
|
11 June 1720
|
Desecration
|
Beheading
|
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
- Orléans heresy (1022) (burnt)
- Marguerite Porete († 1310), Paris, France
- Jacques de Molay (1243–1314), burned after conviction by a tribunal under the control of King Philip IV of France, Paris, France
- Geoffroi de Charney († 1314), burned with Jacques de Molay above, Paris, France.
- Guilhèm Belibasta († 1321), last Cathar, Villerouge-Termenès, France
- Na Prous Boneta († 1328)
- Joan of Arc (1412–1431), Trial of Joan of Arc, Rouen, France
- Jean Vallière († 1523), Paris, France
- Étienne Dolet (1509–1546), Paris, France
- Lucilio Vanini (Giulio Cesare Vanini) (1585–1619), Toulouse, France
Germany
Iran
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method
|
| Hossein Soodmand[3] |
3 December 1990 |
Apostasy |
Hanging
|
| Bahman Samandari[4] |
18 March 1992 |
Apostasy |
Unknown
|
| Ruhollah Rohani[5] |
21 July 1998 |
Apostasy |
Unknown
|
| Seyed Ali Gharabat[3] |
26 January 2011 |
Apostasy |
Hanging
|
| Mohsen Amiraslani |
24 September 2014 |
Blasphemy |
Hanging
|
| Yousef Mehrdad
|
8 May 2023
|
Blasphemy
|
Hanging
|
| Sadrollah Fazeli Zare
|
Italy
- Gerard Segarelli († 1300)
- Fra Dolcino († 1307) (never tried by Catholic Church), Italy
- Cecco d'Ascoli († 1327), Florence, Italy
- Girolamo Savonarola, Domenico da Pascia, and Silvestro Maruffi († 1498), Florence, Italy (hanged and then burned)
- Pomponio Algerio († 1556) Boiled in oil, Rome
- Pietro Carnesecchi († 1567) Florence, Italy
- Menocchio (1532–1599), Italy
- Fulgenzio Manfredi (1560 ca. - 1610) Rome, Italy
- Gertrude Cordovana († 1724), Palermo, Italy[6]
Netherlands
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method
|
| Anna Utenhoven
|
17 July 1597
|
Heresy
|
Burned at stake
|
Ottoman Empire
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method |
Notes
|
| Unknown Armenian |
1843 |
Apostasy |
Beheading |
Accepted Islam, but later returned to Christianity.[7]
|
| Unknown man |
1852 |
Apostasy |
Beheading |
Converted from Islam to Christianity, executed in Aleppo.[8]
|
| Unknown man |
1853 |
Apostasy |
Beheading |
Converted from Islam to Christianity, executed in Adrianople.
|
| Batto Sfez Affair |
1857 |
Blasphemy |
Beheading |
|
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Muslim Spain
Christian Spain
- Francisco de San Roman († 1540), Spain
- Augustino de Cazalla († 1559), Valladolid, Spain
- Carlos de Seso († 1559), Valladolid, Spain
- Leonor de Cisneros († 1568), Valladolid, Spain
- Caterina Tarongí († 1691)
- Ana de Castro († 1736), Peru, Spain
- María de los Dolores López († 1781), Seville, Spain
Somalia
| Name |
Date |
Crime |
Method
|
| Abdirahman Ahmed |
15 January 2009 |
Apostasy |
|
| Mohamud Mursal Muse[10] |
2015 |
Blasphemy |
|
| Hassan Tohow Fidow |
2021 |
Blasphemy |
Firing squad[10]
|
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Catholic Britain
- William Sawtre († 1401), Smithfield, London, England
- John Badby († 1410), Smithfield, London, England
- William Taylor († 1423), Smithfield, London, England
- Pavel Kravař († 1433)
- Joan Boughton († 1494), Smithfield, London, England
- Agnes Grebill († 1511), Kent, England
- Ipswich Martyrs († 1515–1558)
- Patrick Hamilton († 1528), St Andrews, Scotland
- Richard Bayfield († 1531), Smithfield, England
- Thomas Benet († 1531), Exeter, England
- Thomas Bilney († 1531), Norwich, England
- Joan Bocher († 1531), Smithfield, England
- Thomas Harding († 1532), Chesham, England
- James Bainham († 1532), Smithfield, England
- John Frith (1503–1533), Smithfield, England
- John Forest († 1538), Smithfield, England
- Henry Filmer († 1543), Windsor, England
- Robert Testwood († 1543), Windsor, England
- Anthony Pearson († 1543), Windsor, England
- Maria van Beckum († 1544)
- Ursula van Beckum († 1544)
- Colchester Martyrs († 1545 to 1558), 26 people, Colchester, England
- George Wishart (1513–1546), St Andrews, Scotland
- John Hooper († 1555), Gloucester, England
- John Rogers († 1555), London, England
- Canterbury Martyrs († 1555–1558), c.40 people, Canterbury, England
- Laurence Saunders, (1519–1555), Coventry, England
- Rowland Taylor († 1555), Hadleigh, Suffolk, England
- Cornelius Bongey, († 1555), Coventry, England
- Dirick Carver, († 1555), Lewes, England
- Robert Ferrar († 1555), Carmarthen, Wales
- William Flower († 1555), Westminster, England
- Patrick Pakingham († 1555), Uxbridge, England
- Hugh Latimer (1485–1555), Oxford, England
- Robert Samuel († 1555), Ipswich, England
- Nicholas Ridley (1500–1555), Oxford, England
- John Bradford († 1555), London, England
- John Cardmaker († 1555), Smithfield, London, England
- Robert Glover († 1555), Hertford, England
- Thomas Hawkes († 1555), Coggeshall, England
- Thomas Tomkins († 1555), Smithfield, London, England
- Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556), Oxford, England
- Stratford Martyrs († 1556), 11 men and 2 women, Stratford, London, England
- Guernsey Martyrs († 1556), 3 women, Guernsey, Channel Islands
- Joan Waste († 1556), Derby, England
- Bartlet Green († 1556), Smithfield, London, England
- John Hullier († 1556), Cambridge, England
- John Forman († 1556), East Grinstead, England
- Alexander Gooch and Alice Driver († 1558), Ipswich, England
Protestant Britain
- Robert Barnes († 1540), Smithfield, England
- Thomas Gerrard († 1540), Smithfield, England
- Anne Askew (1521–1546), Smithfield, England
- John Lascelles († 1546), Smithfield, England
- John Adams († 1546), Smithfield, England
- Joan Bocher († 1550), Smithfield, England
- George van Parris († 1551), Smithfield, England
- Stephen Cotton († 1558),[12] Brentford, England
- Matthew Hamont († 1579), Norwich, England
- Francis Kett († 1589), Norwich, England
- Bartholomew Legate (1575–1612), Smithfield, England
- Edward Wightman (1566–1612), relapsed heretic, Lichfield, England
Eastern Orthodox countries
Other countries
Sublists
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Kathy Stuart: Suicide by Proxy in Early Modern Germany, 2023
- ^ 1547: Jan Olivetsky, Moravian publisher
- ^ a b Apostasy in The Islam Republic of Iran
- ^ One Person’s Story Bahman Samandari
- ^ One Person’s Story Ruhollah Rohani
- ^ Fiume, Giovanna; Il santo moro: i processi di canonizzazione di Benedetto da Palermo (1594-1807), 2000.
- ^ Apostasy in islam
- ^ Assessing the Legacy of the Ottoman Reform of 1856: Possibilities, Impossibilities, and Situational Changes in Religious Freedom
- ^ KOŚCIOŁY I DUCHOWIEŃSTWO ŚREDNIOWIECZNEGO RADZIEJOWA
- ^ a b Al-Shabaab executes old Man for alleged Blasphemy, 5 August 2021
- ^ Bloch, Isaac (1906). "Antoine, Nicolas". Jewish Encyclopedia. Kopelman Foundation. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ Foxe, John (1831). Book of Martyrs: Or, A History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Triumphant Deaths, of the Primitive as Well as Protestant Martyrs : from the Commencement of Christianity, to the Latest Periods of Pagan and Popish Persecution ... A. B. Roff. p. 443 – via Internet Archive.
stephen cotton.
References
External links