List of civil defense ranks
Civil defense agencies and organizations are structured differently around the world. Civil Defense is dedicated to protecting civilians from military attacks, as well as to providing rescue services after natural and human-made disasters.
Australia
| Community Member |
Field Operations Member |
Senior Field Operations Member |
Leading Field Operations Member |
Deputy Group Leader |
Group Leader | Deputy Local Controller |
Local Controller |
| SES Officer Grade One |
SES Officer Grade Two |
Area Director | Executive Manager |
Regional Director | *SES Assistant Commissioner | ||
*Prior to the establishment of the Queensland Fire & Emergency Service in 2013, the State Emergency Service used to have the ranks of Deputy Chief Officer and Chief Officer.
- Staff
| Chief Officer | Deputy Chief Officer | Assistant Chief Officer | Operations Manager | Operations Officer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
- Volunteers
| Unit Controller | Deputy Controller | Section Leader |
|---|---|---|
Belgium
| Superior officers | Officers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colonel Kolonel |
Lieutenant-colonel Luitenant-Kolonel |
Major Majoor |
Capitaine-commandant Kapitein-Commandant |
Capitaine Kapitein |
Lieutenant Luitenant |
| NCOs | Enlisted | ||||
| Adjudant Adjudant |
Sergent Sergeant |
Caporal Korporaal |
Sapeur Sappeur | ||
| Specialists | |||||
| Spécialiste de niveau 4 Vrijwilliger-Specialist 4 |
Spécialiste de niveau 3 Vrijwilliger-Specialist 3 |
Spécialiste de niveau 2 Vrijwilliger-Specialist 2 |
Spécialiste de niveau 1 Vrijwilliger-Specialist 1 | ||
| Source:[1] | |||||
Denmark
Danish Emergency Management Agency since 2024.[2]
- Civil Defence Corps 1972 [3]
Germany
- Volunteers
| Head of Local Branch (Ortsbeauftragter) |
Deputy Head of Local Branch (Stv. Ortsbeauftragter) |
Training and Qualification Officer (Ausbildungsbeauftragter) Expert Advisor (Fachberater) |
Youth Activity Leader (Jugendbetreuer) Maintenance Officer (Schirrmeister) Public Relations and Volunteers Recruitment Officer (Beauftragter für Öffentlichkeitsarbeit) Administration Officer (Verwaltungsbeauftragter) Cook (Koch) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technical Platoon Leader (Zugführer) Team Leader Logistics Unit(Leiter der Fachgruppe Logistik) Team Leader Command and Communications (Leiter der Fachgruppe Führung/Kommunikation) |
Command Squad Leader (Zugtruppführer) Command Department Head (Sachgebietsleiter der Fachgruppe Führung/Kommunikation) |
Squad Leader (Gruppenführer) |
Team Leader (Truppführer) Command Assistant (Führungsgehilfe) |
Volunteer (Helfer) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Spokesperson (Bundessprecher) |
Deputy Federal Spokesperson (Stv. Bundessprecher) |
State Spokesperson (Landessprecher) |
Deputy State Spokesperson (Stv. Landessprecher) |
Local Spokesperson (Helfersprecher) Deputy Local Spokesperson (Stv. Helfersprecher) |
Representative, Federal Association ('Vertreter Bundesvereinigung) Representative, State Association (Vertreter Landesvereinigung) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- Staff
| Director General (Präsident) |
Deputy Director General (Vizepräsident) |
State Commissioner (Landesbeauftragter) President of the Federal Academy (Leiter der Bundesschule) Division Chief (Abteilungsleiter) Commissioner of Volunteers (Beauftragter für das Ehrenamt) |
Department Chief (Referatsleiter) Academy Manager (Schulmanager) Chief of the Management Staff (Leiter des Leitungsstabes) |
Department Consultant (Referent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regional Office Chief (Regionalstellenleiter) |
Senior Consultant (Sachbearbeiter) Specialist Teacher (Fachlehrer) |
Service Consultant (Bürosachbearbeiter Service) Instructor (Ausbilder) Technician (Gerätehandwerker) Driver (Kraftfahrer) |
Consultant (Bürosachbearbeiter) Trainee (Auszubildender) Federal Service Volunteer (Absolvent Bundesfreiwilligendienst) Social Service Volunteer (Absolvent Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr) Intern (Praktikant) |
|---|---|---|---|
Germany 1935-1945
The German civil defense was activated in 1939 as the Sicherheits und Hilfsdienst, it was renamed Luftschutzpolizei in April 1942, when transferred from the aegis of Ministry of Aviation to the Ordnungspolizei.
| Sicherheits-und Hilfsdienst SHD 1935-1942 |
Luftschutzpolizei LS 1942-1943 |
Luftschutzpolizei LS-Pol 1943-1945 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SHD-Mann | LS-Mann | Anwärter d. LS-Pol | |
| Unterwachtmeister d. LS-Pol | |||
| SHD-Truppführer | LS-Truppführer | Rottwachtmeister d. LS-Pol | |
| SHD-Gruppenführer | LS-Gruppenführer | Wachtmeister d. LS-Pol | |
| Oberwachtmeister d. LS-Pol | |||
| SHD-Hauptgruppenführer | LS-Hauptgruppenführer | Zugwachtmeister d. LS-Pol | |
| SHD-Stabsgruppenführer | LS-Stabsgruppenführer | Hauptwachtmeister d. LS-Pol | |
–
|
–
|
Meister d. LS-Pol | |
| SHD-Zugführer | LS-Zugführer | Zugführer d. LS-Pol | |
| SHD-Oberzugführer | LS-Oberzugführer | Oberzugführer d. LS-Pol | |
| SHD-Bereitschaftsführer | LS-Bereitschaftsführer | Bereitschaftsführer d. LS-Pol | |
| SHD-Abteilungsführer | LS-Abteilungsführer | Abteilungsführer d. LS-Pol | |
| SHD-Abteilungsführer mit besonderem Auftrag | LS-Abteilungsleiter | Oberabteilungsführer d. LS-Pol | |
The Technichal Emergency Service was in charge of technical civil defense.
| Collar insignia | Shoulder insignia | Ranks | Equivalent rank in the Wehrmacht | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1936–1943 | 1936–1943[5][6] | 1943–1945[7] | ||
| TN-Anwärter | Anwärter der Technische Nothilfe | Soldat | ||
| TN-Mann | — | Obersoldat | ||
| TN-Vormann | Unterwachtmeister der Technische Nothilfe | Gefreiter | ||
| TN-Obervormann | Rottwachtmeister der Technische Nothilfe | Obergefreiter | ||
| TN-Scharführer | Wachtmeister der Technische Nothilfe | Unteroffizier | ||
| — | Oberwachtmeister der Technische Nothilfe | Unterfeldwebel | ||
| TN-Oberscharführer | Zugwachtmeister der Technische Nothilfe | Feldwebel | ||
| TN-Hauptscharführer | Hauptwachtmeister der Technische Nothilfe | Oberfeldwebel | ||
| TN-Stabsscharführer | Meister der Technische Nothilfe | Stabsfeldwebel | ||
| TN-Kameradschaftsführer | Zugführer der Technische Nothilfe | Leutnant | ||
| TN-Gemeinschaftsführer | Oberzugführer der Technische Nothilfe | Oberleutnant | ||
| TN-Gefolgschaftsführer | Bereitschaftsführer der Technische Nothilfe | Hauptmann | ||
| TN-Bereitschaftsführer | Abteilungsführer der Technische Nothilfe | Major | ||
| TN-Hauptbereitschaftsführer | Oberabteilungsführer der Technische Nothilfe | Oberstleutnant | ||
| TN-Bezirksführer | Landesführer der Technische Nothilfe | Oberst | ||
| TN-Landesführer | ||||
| Stellvertretender Chef der Technische Nothilfe | — | Generalmajor | ||
| Chef der Technische Nothilfe | Chef der Technische Nothilfe | Generalleutnant | ||
The Reich Air Protection League was in charge of air raid precautions in residential areas and among smaller businesses-
| Collar insignia[8] | Shoulder insignia[8] | RLB rank[9] | Translation | Luftwaffe equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reichsluftschutzbund-Präsident | Reichsluftschutzbund president | General der Flieger | ||
| General-Hauptluftschutzführer | General head air protection leader | Generalleutnant | ||
| Generalluftschutzführer | General air protection leader | Generalmajor | ||
| Oberstluftschutzführer | Chief air protection leader | Oberst | ||
| Oberststabsluftschutzführer | Chief staff air protection leader | Oberstleutnant | ||
| Stabsluftschutzführer | Staff air protection leader | Major | ||
| Hauptluftschutzführer | Head air protection leader | Hauptmann | ||
| Oberluftschutzführer | Senior air protection leader | Oberleutnant | ||
| Luftschutzführer | Air protection leader | Leutnant | ||
| Luftschutzobertruppmeister | Senior master air protection trooper | Feldwebel | ||
| Luftschutztruppmeister | Master air protection trooper | Unteroffizier | ||
| Luftschutzobertruppwart | Senior air protection trooper warden | Hauptgefreiter | ||
| Luftschutztruppwart | Air protection trooper warden | Obergefreiter | ||
| Luftschutzobertruppmann | Senior air protection trooper | Gefreiter | ||
| Luftschutztruppmann | Air protection trooper | Flieger |
Ireland
The Civil Defence Officers and Assistant Civil Defence Officers of the Civil Defence Ireland are paid employees and are appointed by their respective local authority. At the discretion of the Civil Defence Officer, volunteer officers and leaders are appointed to assist in the command and administration of the unit .
| Rank [10] | Civil Defence Officer |
Assistant Civil Defence Officer |
Commander | First Officer | Second Officer | Third Officer | Leader | Assistant Leader | Volunteer |
| Ireland | |||||||||
| Irish language equivalent[11] | Oifigeach Cosanta Sibhialta |
Leas-Oifigeach Cosanta Sibhialta |
Ceannasaí | Céad Oifigeach | Dara Oifigeach | Tríú Oifigeach | Ceannaire | Leas-Cheannaire | Saorálaí |
| Abbreviation | CDO | ACDO | Cmdr | 1/O | 2/O | 3/O | Ldr | Asst Ldr | Vol |
Isle of Man
| Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps Ranks and Rank Insignia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Emergency Planning Co-ordinator | Commandant | Deputy Commandant | Team Leader | Deputy Team Leader | Volunteer | |||
Nigeria
Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps
- Officers
| Rank group | Commandant cadre | Superintendent cadre | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nigeria SCDC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commandant General | Deputy Commandant General | Assistant Commandant General | Commandant | Deputy Commandant | Assistant Commandant | Senior Superintendent | Chief Superintendent | Superintendent | Deputy Superintendent | Assistant Superintendent I | Assistant Superintendent II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Other ranks
| Rank group | Inspector cadre | Assistant cadre | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nigeria SCDC | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Inspector | Deputy Chief Inspector | Assistant Chief Inspector | Principal Inspector | Senior Inspector | Inspector | Assistant Inspector | Corps Assistant I | Corps Assistant II | Corps Assistant III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norway
| Chief of the Civil Defence | Assistant Chief of the Civil Defence Permanent Deputy for the Chief of Civil Defence |
Head of Bureau in the Civil Defence Department Civil Defence District Commander |
Civil Defence Inspector Investigation Manager Senior Advisor Chief Engineer |
Advisor Chief Engineer |
Civil Defense Adjutant First Consultant Consultant First Officer Operating Technician |
|---|
| Group Leader | Assistant Group Leader Municipal Material Manager |
Squad Leader | Assistant Squad Leader Group Material Manager |
|---|
Russia
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Emergency Situations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Генера́л-полко́вник Generál-polkóvnik |
Генера́л-лейтена́нт Generál-leytenánt |
Генера́л-майо́р Generál-mayór |
Полко́вник Polkóvnik |
Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik |
Майо́р Majór |
Kапита́н Kapitán |
Старший лейтена́нт Stárshiy leytenánt |
Лейтенант Leytenant |
Mла́дший лейтена́нт Mládshiy leytenánt |
Курсант Kursant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Emergency Situations |
n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ста́рший пра́порщик Stárshiy práporshchik |
Пра́порщик Práporshchyk |
Старшина́ Starshyná |
Ста́рший сержа́нт Stárshiy serzhánt |
Сержа́нт Serzhánt |
Мла́дший сержа́нт Mládshiy serzhánt |
Рядово́й Ryadovóy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singapore
- Officers
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singapore Civil Defence Force[15] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commissioner | Deputy commissioner | Senior assistant commissioner | Assistant commissioner | Colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Major | Captain | Lieutenant | Second lieutenant | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Warrant officers
| Rank group | Warrant officers | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singapore Civil Defence Force[15] | ||||||||||
| Warrant officer 2 | Warrant officer 1 | |||||||||
- Other ranks
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singapore Civil Defence Force[15] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sergeant 3 | Sergeant 2 | Sergeant 1 | Corporal | Lance corporal | Private | Recruit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spain
| Coordinador Jefe (Chief Coordinator) |
Jefe de Agrupación (Grouping Chief) |
Subjefe de Agrupación (Grouping Deputy Chief) |
Secretario de Agrupación (Grouping Secretary) |
Jefe de Unidad (Unit Chief) |
Jefe de Sección (Section Chief) |
Jefe de Grupo (Group Chief) |
Jefe de Equipo (Team Chief) |
Voluntario (Volunteer) | |
- Officers
| NATO code | OF-10 | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Emergencies Unit |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General de división | General de brigada | Coronel | Teniente coronel | Comandante | Capitán | Teniente | Alférez | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Other Ranks
| NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Emergencies Unit |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Suboficial mayor | Subteniente | Brigada | Sargento primero | Sargento | Cabo mayor | Cabo primero | Cabo | Soldado de primera | Soldado | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Switzerland
| Function | Rank | Rank insignia |
|---|---|---|
| Civil Defence Commander | Oberst, Oberstleutnant, Major or Hauptmann | |
| Deputy Civil Defence Commander | Major, Hauptmann or Oberleutnant | |
| Head Damage Conditions
Head Telematics Head NBC Protection, Head Logistic Coordination Head Cultural Property Protection Platoon Leader Welfare Platoon Leader Support |
Leutnant
Promotion to Oberleutnant possible |
|
| Chief Logistic Element | Feldweibel | |
| Accounting and Budgeting Officer | Fourier | |
| Squad Leader Telematics
Squad Leader Welfare Squad Leader Medical Squad Leader Support Kitchen Manager |
Korporal
Promotion to Wachtmeister possible |
|
| Controller
Polycom-Dispatcher NBC-Tracker Radiation Protection Expert Psychological Emergency Aid Medical Orderly Facility Technician Materiel Technician Cultural Property Protection Specialist Command Support Aid Welfare Aid Sapper |
Zivilschutzsoldat
Promotion to Gefreiter possible |
|
| [16][17] | ||
Tunisia
| Officers | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Field Officers | Junior Officers | ||||||||||
| Colonel-major | Colonel | Lieutenant-colonel | Commandant | Capitaine | Lieutenant | Sous-lieutenant | |||||
| Arabic: عميد | Arabic: عقيد | Arabic: مقدم | Arabic: رائد | Arabic: نقيب | Arabic: ملازم أول | Arabic: ملازم | |||||
| Sous-officiers et militaires du rang | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCO | Enlisted | ||||||||||
| Adjudant-chef | Adjudant | Sergent-chef | Sergent | Caporal-chef | Caporal | ||||||
| Arabic: وكيل أول | Arabic: وكيل | Arabic: عريف أول | Arabic: عريف | Arabic: رقيب أول | Arabic: رقيب | ||||||
| [18] | |||||||||||
Ukraine
State Emergency Service of Ukraine
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Генерал служби цивільного захисту України General of Emergency Services |
Генерал-полковник Colonel General |
Генерал-лейтенант Lieutenant General |
Генерал-майор Major General |
Полковник Colonel |
Підполковник Lieutenant Colonel |
Майор Major |
Капітан Kapitan |
Старший лейтенант Senior lieutenant |
Лейтенант Leitenant |
Молодший лейтенант Junior lieutenant |
Kурсант Kursant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Головний майстер-сержант Chief master sergeant |
Майстер-сержант Master sergeant |
Сержант Sergeant |
Рядовий Private | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
United Kingdom
- Civil Defence Corps 1949–1968
| Rank Insignia | Intelligence & Operations Sub-Section | Signal Sub-Section | Scientific & Recce Sub-Section | Warden Section | Rescue Section | Welfare Section | Ambulance Sub-Section | First Aid Sub-Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division Chief Officer | Chief Warden | Chief Rescue Officer | Chief Welfare Section Officer | Chief Ambulance Officer | ||||
| Senior Staff Officer | Senior Signal Officer | Senior Scientific Intelligence Officer | Deputy Chief Warden | Deputy Chief Rescue Officer | Deputy Chief Welfare Section Officer | Deputy Chief Ambulance Officer | ||
| Column Rescue Officer | Column Ambulance Officer | |||||||
| Assistant Chief Warden | Deputy Column Rescue Officer | Deputy Column Ambulance Officer | ||||||
| Staff Officer (Operations) Staff Officer (Intelligence) Sector Staff Officer |
Signal Officer | Scientific Intelligence Officer Reconnaissance Officer |
Sector Warden | Company Rescue Officer | Assistant Chief Welfare Section Officer | Company Ambulance Officer | Company First Aid Officer | |
| Deputy Sector Warden | Deputy Company Rescue Officer | Senior Welfare Section Officer | Deputy Company Ambulance Officer | Deputy Company First Aid Officer | ||||
| Post Warden | Platoon Rescue Officer | Platoon Ambulance Officer | Platoon First Aid Officer | |||||
| Signalmaster | Deputy Post Warden | Deputy Platoon Rescue Officer | Welfare Section Officer | Deputy Platoon Ambulance Officer | Deputy Platoon First Aid Officer | |||
| Operations Clerk Intelligence Clerk |
Signal Clerk Field Cable Party Leader |
Reconnaissance Party Leader | Senior Warden | Rescue Party Leader | Welfare Section Detachment Leader | Ambulance Detachment Leader | First Aid Party Leader | |
| Deputy Rescue Party Leader | Deputy Ambulance Detachment Leader | Deputy First Aid Party Leader | ||||||
- Civil Defence Service 1935–1945
| Insignia | Wardens' Service | First Aid | Rescue | Decontamination | Messenger |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controller | |||||
| Chief Warden | Medical Officer | Head of Rescue Service |
Head of Decontamination Service |
||
| Deputy Chief Warden | Deputy Medical Officer | Deputy Head of Rescue Service |
Deputy Head of Decontamination Service |
||
| Divisional Warden | Ambulance Officer | Staff Officer | Gas Identification Officer | Officer (Senior Grade) | |
| Staff Officer | Assistant Ambulance Officer | Assistant Staff Officer | Assistant Gas Identification Officer | Officer (Junior Grade) | |
| Officer (London) | Senior Rescue Officer | ||||
| Post Warden (London) | Depot Superintendent | Depot Superintendent | Depot Superintendent | ||
| Head Warden | Deputy Depot Superintendent | Rescue Party Supervisor | Deputy Depot Superintendent | Officer | |
| Senior Warden | Shift Officer | Rescue Party Leader | Squad Leader | Officer | |
| Source: | [19] | ||||
Yugoslavia
References
- ^ KONINKLIJK BESLUIT VAN 14 MAART 2019 BETREFFENDE DE KLEDIJ EN DE KENTEKENS VAN DE OPERATIONELE BEROEPS- EN VRIJWILLIGE PERSONEELSLEDEN VAN DE CIVIELE BESCHERMING. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "Gradstegn og mærker i Beredskabsstyrelsen." Beredskabssstyrelsen 2025. 2025-11-10.
- ^ Beredskabsstyrelsen (May 2017). Grundbog for værnepligtige ved Beredskabsstyrelsen Maj 2017 [Basic book for conscripts at the National Emergency Management Agency May 2017] (in Danish). Beredskabsstyrelsen. p. 35. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ "Richtlinie über die Bekleidung und Kennzeichnung im Technischen Hilfswerk." Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, pp. 58-60. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ Ranks of the Technische Nothilfe 2014-07-01.
- ^ "TN Ranks" (in German). Retrieved 2 December 2018.
- ^ War Department: Technical Manual, German Military Forces 2014-07-01.
- ^ a b Steiner-Welz, Sonja (2005). Die Deutsche Wehrmacht 1933-1945. Mannheim: Welz, Reinhard, Vermittlerverlag, plate 136.
- ^ Jährig, Horstjoachim (1938). Deutscher Luftschutz : Jahrbuch im Auftrag des Präsidiums Reichsluftschutzbundes bearbeitet von LS-Hauptführer Horstjoachim Jährig (in German). Berlin: Riegler Verlag. p. 21. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
- ^ "The Wearing of Civil Defence Volunteer Uniform." Civil Defence Circular CD 02/2012, Appendix 3. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "Boards and Councils Boird agus Comhairlí - An Tobar - Téarmaí Gaeilge don Earnáil Phoiblí". www.macsuibhne.com.
- ^ "Instruks om bruk av uniform og honnør i Sivilforsvaret." Direktoratet for samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap 22. 08. 2016, p. 26. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ Знаки различия Министерства по чрезвычайным ситуациям Российской Федерации. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ Шевроны, звезды и пластинки на погонах МЧС. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ a b c "Ranks and drill commands". Central Manpower Base (CMPB). Retrieved 2021-11-27.
- ^ "Der Zivilschutz.Grundlagen, Auftreten, Einsatz." Bundesamt für Bevölerungsschutz 2015, p. 90 Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "Weisungen über die Dienstgrade im Zivilschutz." Kanton St. Gallen. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "Décret n°2006-1164 du 13 avril 2006, portant statut particulier des agents du corps de la protection civile. Modifié par le décret n° 2011-1260 du 5 Septembre 2011." Ministère de l'Interieur. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "WW2 Air Raid Warden, ARP & Civil Defence Rank Badges." WW2 CIVIL DEFENCE UNIFORMS, INSIGNIA & EQUIPMENT. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
