Chionanthus ramiflorus

Chionanthus ramiflorus
Flowers and leaves
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Chionanthus
Species:
C. ramiflorus
Binomial name
Chionanthus ramiflorus
Synonyms[2]
44 synonyms
  • Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall.
  • Mayepea ramiflora (Roxb.) F.Muell.
  • Chionanthus effusiflorus F.Muell.
  • Chionanthus intermedius (Wight) F.Muell.
  • Chionanthus macrophyllus (Wall. ex G.Don) Blume
  • Chionanthus macrophyllus var. attenuatus (Wall. ex G.Don) K.K.N.Nair & K.P.Janardh.
  • Chionanthus palembanicus Miq.
  • Chionanthus paniculatus (Roxb.) K.K.N.Nair & K.P.Janardh.
  • Chionanthus paniculatus var. roxburghii (Spreng.) K.K.N.Nair & K.P.Janardh.
  • Chionanthus pauciflorus (Wall. ex G.Don) Bennet & Raizada
  • Chionanthus pauciflorus var. evolutior (C.B.Clarke) K.K.N.Nair & K.P.Janardh.
  • Chionanthus pauciflorus var. palembanicus (Miq.) Bennet & Raizada
  • Chionanthus picrophloius F.Muell.
  • Chionanthus ramiflorus var. grandiflorus B.M.Miao
  • Chionanthus ramiflorus var. palembanicus (Miq.) P.Daniel
  • Chionanthus ramiflorus var. peninsularis K.Ravik. & Lakshm.
  • Chionanthus roxburghii (Spreng.) S.K.Srivast. & S.L.Kapoor
  • Chionanthus roxburghii var. intermedius (Wight) S.K.Srivast. & S.L.Kapoor
  • Chionanthus tenuiflorus Wall. ex DC.
  • Linociera cumingiana S.Vidal
  • Linociera effusiflora F.Muell.
  • Linociera intermedia Wight
  • Linociera intermedia var. roxburghii (Spreng.) C.B.Clarke
  • Linociera macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don
  • Linociera macrophylla var. attenuata (Wall. ex G.Don) C.B.Clarke
  • Linociera oblonga Wall. ex G.Don
  • Linociera pauciflora (Wall. ex G.Don) C.B.Clarke
  • Linociera pauciflora var. evolutior C.B.Clarke
  • Linociera pauciflora var. palembanica (Miq.) C.B.Clarke
  • Linociera picrophloia (F.Muell.) F.M.Bailey
  • Linociera ramiflora var. grandiflora (B.M.Miao) B.M.Miao
  • Linociera ramiflora f. pubisepala L.C.Chia
  • Mayepea cumingiana (S.Vidal) Merr.
  • Mayepea intermedia (Wight) Kuntze
  • Mayepea palembanica (Miq.) Kuntze
  • Mayepea pauciflora (Wall. ex G.Don) Kuntze
  • Mayepea picrophloia (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
  • Olea attenuata Wall. ex G.Don
  • Olea floribunda Benth.
  • Olea paniculata Roxb.
  • Olea pauciflora Wall. ex G.Don
  • Olea roxburghiana Schult.
  • Olea roxburghii Spreng.
  • Phillyrea ramiflora Roxb. ex C.B.Clarke

Chionanthus ramiflorus, commonly known in Australia as northern olive or native olive, is a species of plant in the olive family Oleaceae. It is native to India, Nepal, Queensland (Australia), New Guinea, the Philippines, southern China and Taiwan.[3][4][1]

They grow as evergreen shrubs or trees to 3–23 m (10–75 ft) tall. The leaves are 8–20 cm (3–8 in) long and 4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in) broad, simple ovate to oblong-elliptic, with a 2–5 cm (0.8–2.0 in) petiole. The flowers are white or yellow, produced in panicles 2.5–12 cm (1.0–4.7 in) long. The fruit is a blue-black drupe 1.5–3 cm (0.6–1.2 in) long and 0.5–2.2 cm (0.2–0.9 in) diameter.[3][5]

Sometimes the species is treated in the segregate genus Linociera, though this does not differ from Chionanthus in any character other than leaf persistence, not a taxonomically significant character.[6]

The 1889 book The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that "The fruit of this plant is the food of the jagged-tailed bower-bird (Preonodura Newtoniana). (Bailey.) This observation is interesting, and is the more valuable in that the vegetable foods of our indigenous fauna have very rarely been botanically determined."[7]

References

  1. ^ a b World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Linociera ramiflora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998 e.T33349A9778972. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33349A9778972.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
  3. ^ a b Chang et al. (2008) Flora of China. Online "Chionanthus ramiflorus". Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  4. ^ "Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  5. ^ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Chionanthus ramiflorus". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  6. ^ Chang et al. (2008) Flora of China. Online "Chionanthus". Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  7. ^ J. H. Maiden (1889). The Useful Native Plants of Australia, (Including Tasmania). Sydney: The Technological Museum of New South Wales. p. 123. Retrieved 14 September 2025.

Cited works

  • Chang, Mei-chen; Chiu, Lien-ching; Wei, Zhi; Green, Peter S. (2008) [1992]. "Oleaceae; Chionanthus ramiflorus". In Wu, Z. Y.; Raven, P. H. (eds.). Flora of China. Vol. 15 (Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae). Beijing and St. Louis, MO: Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Retrieved 26 June 2013 – via eFloras.