Lacertibaenia

Lacertibaenia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Superorder: Lepidosauria
Order: Squamata
Clade: Lacertoidea
Clade: Lacertibaenia
Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Subgroups

Lacertibaenia is a clade of squamate reptiles that unites the worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) with the true lizards (Lacertidae). The name was introduced by Vidal & Hedges (2005), who recovered the group from analyses of nine nuclear protein-coding genes within their broader clade Laterata (Lacertoidea).[1] Subsequent molecular datasets with broader gene and taxon sampling have repeatedly recovered amphisbaenians as sister to lacertids, corroborating the monophyly of Lacertibaenia.[2][3] A 2024 satellite-DNA study further supported Lacertibaenia as a coherent lineage.[4]

Evolutionary history

An important fossil relevant to Lacertibaenia is the Messel fossil Cryptolacerta hassiaca, which Müller et al. (2011) interpreted as shedding light on amphisbaenian origins and supporting a close relationship with lacertids.[5] Additional paleontological work has proposed Late Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenians (Slavoia) and explored trait evolution associated with fossoriality in worm lizards.[6][7]

Taxonomy and systematics

Vidal & Hedges (2005) erected Lacertibaenia within the larger clade Laterata, which they subdivided as Teiformata (Gymnophthalmidae + Teiidae) and Lacertibaenia (Amphisbaenia + Lacertidae).[1] Their classification was refined in a later synthesis focusing on squamate molecular evolution and divergence times,[8] and has been widely adopted in subsequent molecular phylogenies of Squamata.[2][3]

Within Laterata/Lacertoidea, Teiformata is usually recovered as the sister group to Lacertibaenia.[1][2] Some large-scale morphology-focused matrices have instead placed amphisbaenians in alternative positions, highlighting persistent conflict between data types and character sampling strategies.[9]

Included families

  • Amphisbaenia (worm lizards: families Amphisbaenidae, Bipedidae, Rhineuridae, Trogonophidae).[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Vidal, Nicolas; Hedges, S. Blair (2005). "The phylogeny of squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) inferred from nine nuclear protein-coding genes". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 328 (10–11): 1000–1008. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2005.10.001. PMID 16286089.
  2. ^ a b c Wiens, J. J.; et al. (2012). "Resolving the phylogeny of lizards and snakes (Squamata) with extensive sampling of genes and species" (PDF). Biology Letters. 8 (6): 1043–1046. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0703. PMID 22993238.
  3. ^ a b Pyron, R. Alexander; Burbrink, Frank T.; Wiens, John J. (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (93): 1–53. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13...93P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.
  4. ^ Nisi Cerioni, P.; Giovannotti, M.; Slimani, T.; S'khifa, A.; Splendiani, A.; Fioravanti, T.; Crosetto, S.; Olmo, E. (2024). "Satellite DNA supports the monophyly of Lacertibaenia (Amphisbaenia and Lacertidae) in squamate phylogeny". The European Zoological Journal. 91 (2): 804–816. doi:10.1080/24750263.2024.2376594.
  5. ^ Müller, Johannes; Hipsley, Christy A.; Head, Jason J.; Kardjilov, Nikola; Hilger, Andreas; Wuttke, Michael; Reisz, Robert R. (2011). "Eocene lizard from Germany reveals amphisbaenian origins". Nature. 473 (7347): 364–367. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..364M. doi:10.1038/nature09919. PMID 21593869.
  6. ^ Tałanda, Mateusz (2016). "Cretaceous roots of the amphisbaenian lizards". Zoologica Scripta. 45 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1111/zsc.12138.
  7. ^ Tałanda, Mateusz (2017). "Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 62 (4): 839–845. doi:10.4202/app.00294.2016.
  8. ^ Vidal, Nicolas; Hedges, S. Blair (2009). "The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 332 (2–3): 129–139. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.010. PMID 19281946.
  9. ^ Gauthier, Jacques A.; Kearney, Maureen; Maisano, Jennifer A.; Rieppel, Olivier; Behlke, Adolf D. B. (2012). "Assembling the squamate tree of life" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 53 (1): 3–308. doi:10.3374/014.053.0101.
  10. ^ Gans, Carl (2005). "Checklist and bibliography of the Amphisbaenia of the world". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 289 (289): 1–130. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2005)289<0001:CABOTA>2.0.CO;2.
  11. ^ Pyron, R. A.; Burbrink, F. T.; Wiens, J. J. (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (93): 1–53. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13...93P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.

Further reading

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