Kyrylo Shevchenko

Kyrylo Shevchenko
Кирило Шевченко
12th Chairman of the National Bank of Ukraine
In office
16 July 2020 – 6 October 2022
Preceded byKateryna Rozhkova (acting)[1]
Succeeded byAndriy Pyshnyi[2]
Personal details
Born (1972-10-25) 25 October 1972
Tula, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union[3]
NationalityUkrainian
Alma materKharkiv Economic University
ProfessionBanker

Kyrylo Yevhenovych Shevchenko (Ukrainian: Кирило Євгенович Шевченко; born 25 October 1972) is a Ukrainian banker and a former Head of the National Bank of Ukraine from July 2020 until October 2022, when he resigned and left Ukraine due to alleged political persecution.[4] Shevchenko is also a former chairman of the board of state-owned Ukrgasbank from 2014 to 2020.[3][5]

Education and career

In 1994, he received a degree from the Kharkiv National University of Economics (then the Kharkiv State University of Economics) with a specialization in "Accounting and Analysis of Economic Activity."[3][6] He also holds a master's degree in "Ecology" from the National Pedagogical University named after M. P. Drahomanov.

From September 1987 to August 1989, he worked as a repairman at the Illich Mine in Stakhanov (now Kadiivka), Luhansk Oblast.[3]

He has been active in the banking sector since 1994. At the Ukrainian Credit Bank (now A-Bank), he served as acting head of the credit resources attraction sector. From March to September 1995, he was a leading economist in the credit resources sector of the credit department at the Aval Joint Stock Post-Pension Bank.[7]

From October 1995 to December 2006, he worked at the Finance and Credit Bank, rising from head of the regulatory department to first deputy chairman of the bank’s board.

From December 2006[8] to May 2009,[9] he headed the State Mortgage Institution.[6]

From May to September 2009, he served as an adviser to the Prime Minister of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko.[10]

From September 2009 to April 2010, he was the first deputy chairman of the board of Ukrgasbank.

In 2010, together with his partners, he became one of the first to acquire Terra Bank. From 14 April 2010 to 11 April 2011, he served as Chairman of the Board of Terra Bank.

From 28 April 2011 to 6 April 2012, he was a member of the Supervisory Board of Terra Bank. In 2012, the partners sold the financial institution.[11]

From May 2012 to August 2014, he served as an adviser to the Chairman of the Board of Oschadbank (State Savings Bank of Ukraine).[12]

Ukrgasbank

In October 2014, Kyrylo Shevchenko became First Deputy Chairman of the Board and Acting Chairman of the Board of the joint-stock bank Ukrgasbank.[13] On 28 May 2015, his appointment as Chairman of the Board was approved by the National Bank of Ukraine.[14][15][16][17]

Between 2016 and 2019, the bank, together with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), implemented a three-year project to create a “green bank.” By the end of 2019, Ukrgasbank received the Euromoney Awards for Excellence as *Best Bank for Sustainable Finance in Central and Eastern Europe*.[18][19][20]

In 2017, Shevchenko, together with the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and Minister Ostap Semerak, presented Ukraine’s first environmentally friendly payment card, made entirely from biodegradable materials. The “green” cards of Ukrgasbank were manufactured from corn cobs and sugarcane. The cards functioned like traditional ones but decomposed within two years after expiration, causing no harm to the environment. The cards were produced by the German company Giesecke & Devrient, a leader in secure and innovative payment solutions.[21]

The bank’s financial indicators showed steady asset growth: as of 31 December 2018 — ₴82.225 billion; as of 31 December 2019 — ₴119.137 billion; as of 1 January 2021 (following 2020 results) — ₴142.7 billion.[22][23]

The bank joined several international sustainable finance initiatives (including the UNEP FI Principles for Responsible Banking and the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition), developed green lending products for renewable energy and energy efficiency, and expanded its operations within the IFC Global Trade Finance Programme.[24]

Ukrgasbank was repeatedly recognized as “Eco-Bank of the Year” in national and industry awards (BUSINESS magazine’s “Financial Oscar” and Bankir magazine), and appeared in rankings for deposit reliability and SME services.[25][26][27][28]

The bank’s corporate social responsibility activities were documented in annual reports, including cooperation with the Deposit Guarantee Fund for payments to clients of insolvent banks, participation in national energy-efficiency programs, and adoption of an internal Corporate Governance Code.[29][30]

National Bank of Ukraine

On 16 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada appointed Kyrylo Shevchenko as Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU).[31][32][33][34] He became a member of the National Investment Council of Ukraine on 14 August 2020.[35]

During the 2020 COVID-19 crisis, the National Bank of Ukraine began using non-standard monetary instruments to provide additional support to the banking system and lending during the most difficult phase of the crisis and the early stage of recovery. As the economy returned to growth in 2021, the NBU began gradually phasing out these mechanisms.[36]

Under Shevchenko, the NBU maintained its monetary policy course, balancing anti-inflation response with economic recovery.[37]

From 1 April 2021, a new prudential ratio — the NSFR — was introduced to encourage banks to attract more stable, long-term funding sources.[38]

On 16 April 2021, under Shevchenko’s leadership, the NBU launched cooperation with the International Finance Corporation (IFC) to develop “green finance.”[39]

In 2021, the NBU developed a new institutional strategy through 2025 focused on accelerating economic growth and digitalization.[40] Thanks to NBU policy in 2021, Ukraine managed to reverse the inflation trend while many countries were fighting rising prices: after peaking in September 2021 at 11%, inflation fell to 10% by December 2021 and continued to decline.[41] In August 2021, international reserves reached a record level.[42] The NBU ended 2021 with net FX purchases of US$2.4 billion, increasing reserves to US$31 billion (up 6%),[41] and a record profit of ₴77.5 billion.[43]

In January 2022, amid news of a possible Russian invasion, the NBU conducted balanced FX interventions to counter depreciation driven by psychological factors and stabilize the hryvnia exchange rate.[44]

Under Shevchenko, the National Bank of Ukraine faced the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 and ensured the uninterrupted operation of the financial system.[45] On the first day of the war, at 07:00, the Governor signed Board Resolution No. 18 “On the operation of the banking system during martial law,” adopted to ensure continuity of the financial system.[46] Its provisions set out the basic principles for the banking system under Martial law in Ukraine, and remain in force in updated form.[47][48][49][50]

At the outset of the invasion, the NBU fixed the USD/UAH exchange rate and imposed FX and cash-withdrawal restrictions to prevent capital flight.[48] Other key measures included fixing the policy rate and the exchange rate, supplying branches and ATMs with cash, coordinating with other central banks to exchange cash hryvnia for refugees, blanket refinancing, temporary regulatory relief for banks, raising the key rate from 10% to 25%, preventing a deeper hryvnia depreciation, maintaining international reserves above US$25 billion, and keeping inflation lower than in several Eastern European countries.[51]

On the diplomatic front, the NBU negotiated with the IMF on a new program and two Rapid Financing tranches, which helped finance the budget deficit.[45]

As a result of the NBU team’s work under Shevchenko, in 2022 the National Bank of Ukraine was named “Central Bank of the Year” at the Central Banking Awards 2023,[52][53] recognizing efforts to preserve macro-financial stability during wartime, including monetary policy, bank liquidity support, cyber-resilience, and international cooperation.[52] In addition, for 2022 the NBU and the National Bank of Poland received the “Currency Manager” award from the Central Banking Awards for organizing the exchange of hryvnia into zloty for Ukrainian refugees after the invasion.[54][55] According to Yaroslav Zheleznyak, First Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada’s Committee on Finance, Tax and Customs Policy, the NBU under Shevchenko was among the best-prepared and most effective state institutions during the war.[56]

Shevchenko’s signature appears on fourth-series banknotes of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 hryvnias (2021); on commemorative banknotes of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 hryvnias dedicated to the 30th anniversary of Ukraine’s independence (2021); and on the commemorative 500 hryvnias banknote marking the 300th anniversary of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s birth (2021).[57]

Resignation

Shevchenko submitted his resignation on 4 October 2022, citing "health-related issues that can no longer be ignored" in a Facebook post. Shevchenko was dismissed by parliament two days later.[58][59][60][61][4] One possible reason was the desire of the Head of the Office of the President, Andriy Yermak, to replace the executive director of Oschadbank. In addition, the NBU rejected four nominees for Oschadbank’s management board. Tensions also arose over winding down five-year, low-cost refinancing loans for banks — a key support measure during the COVID-19 crisis. The NBU refused demands from the President’s Office and the government to lower the policy rate to facilitate cheap credit, including for investment in the “Great Construction” program.[62] The President’s Office was also dissatisfied that Ukraine received only one of five planned tranches under the IMF Stand-By program.[63]

Maksym Oryshchak, an analyst at the Center for Exchange Technologies, said that Shevchenko's resignation was caused by his difficult relations with the country's ruling elites. This, among other things, could also affect Shevchenko's health, as well as work in times of crisis (coronavirus, the beginning of a full-scale war with Russia).[64] Probably, Shevchenko resigned due to misunderstandings that he had with the President’s Office. On his personal Facebook page, he mentioned "two years of political pressure, which intensified on the eve of my decision". According to Shevchenko, he was pressured to "make decisions that I consider harmful to the financial stability of the state and a threat to the institutional independence of the NBU."[65] The reason for the misunderstanding could be Shevchenko's independence in decision-making regarding the NBU's activities.[66]

In addition, the President’s Office was dissatisfied with Shevchenko's conflict with the first deputy head of the NBU Kateryna Rozhkova, as well as his decision to leave her only technical functions. The head of the President’s Office was also not satisfied with Ukraine receiving only one of the five planned tranches under the anti-crisis Stand By program from the IMF.[67]

Political persecution

On October 6, 2022, the Specialized Anti-corruption Prosecutor's Office notified the head of the National Bank Kyryl Shevchenko and four other persons of suspicion of illegal actions during his leadership of Ukrgasbank.[68] 24 October 2022, it became known that Shevchenko left the country.[69][70] Ukraine's national anti-corruption agency declared former central bank governor Kyrylo Shevchenko wanted.[71]

A number of Ukrainian bloggers, journalists and politicians did not support Shevchenko's accusations of corruption schemes and believe that these persecutions are political. In the Ukrainian Forbes, one of the lawyers from the Office of the President team said on the rights of anonymity, that the NABU investigation about the Ukrgasbank case, which lasts more than 4 years, could only be a lever of pressure on Shevchenko.[72]

Yulia Samaeva, editor of the Ukrainian weekly economics department, claimed that criminal proceedings were a tool of pressure on Kyryl Shevchenko, who refused to comply with the requirements of the Office of the President on hryvnia emission,[73] lowering the discount rate and other regulatory decisions within the competence of the NBU.[74][75]

Financial analyst and economic expert Oleksii Kushch considered that, “the case opened by the National Anti-Corruption Bureau (NABU) against him contains no convincing evidence of the guilt of the former head of the NBU and has no judicial prospect”.[76]

On October 25, Shevchenko announced that he was on consular registration in an EU country, and had officially informed Ukraine’s law enforcement authorities about his actual location. He also asked the embassy to provide premises for the organization of video communication during the interrogation. Separately, Shevchenko expressed the opinion that declaring him wanted is an unnecessary confirmation of the involvement and politicization of the investigation and called on NABU to ensure the openness, transparency and impartiality of the process.[77][78]

On 19 December 2022, NABU detectives had filed a request to extend the Ukrgasbank pre-trial investigation due to lack of evidence of his guilt.[79] Shevchenko wrote in a Facebook post that “NABU’s case against me is falling apart”.[80]

Journalist Serhiy Lyamets called this transfer "political persecution of Kyrylo Shevchenko by Zelenskyy's government and "cooperation" of NABU with the current government". The blogger calls the reasons for this persecution a protracted conflict between Kyrylo Shevchenko and the President's Office, caused by the reluctance of the head of the National Bank to finance the budget deficit by issuing hryvnia and attempts to impose personnel appointments on the National Bank.[81][82]

The editor of the Forbes-Ukraine column "Money" Serhiy Shevchuk states that Shevchenko's resignation was caused by constant pressure from the President's Office on the NBU and caused concern among Ukraine's international partners about the threat to the independence of the National Bank.[83]

In February 2023, the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group (KHRPG) reported signs of political persecution against Shevchenko, which it linked to his refusal to comply with political demands to expand money issuance for budget financing. According to KHRPG, his conflict with Volodymyr Zelenskyy and the Office of the President of Ukraine escalated, resulting in pressure to resign in exchange for avoiding further prosecution. The organization noted that both the President and Parliament were aware of the 2019 investigation into Ukrgasbank but nevertheless appointed Shevchenko as NBU Governor. KHRPG praised his professional achievements, including transforming Ukrgasbank into a leading financial institution, stabilizing the banking system during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine and the full-scale Russian invasion, and pursuing a cautious monetary policy. The organization expressed hope that Ukrainian authorities would refrain from political persecution and pledged to continue monitoring the case.[84]

Similar claims of political pressure have been made by his predecessors. Yakiv Smolii resigned in July 2020 citing “systematic political pressure,” warning in a speech to the Verkhovna Rada that such actions threatened the central bank’s independence.[85][86] Former NBU Governor Valeria Hontareva moved to London after her resignation, where she considered applying for political asylum following threats and the arson of her home in Ukraine.[87][88]

On 6 February 2024, according to Austria’s Der Standard, Austrian courts rejected Ukraine’s extradition request for Kyrylo Shevchenko.[89][90]

Donornomics

In 2025, Kyrylo Shevchenko introduced the term Donornomics to describe Ukraine’s economic dependence on external financial assistance from international donors during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine.[91][92] According to Shevchenko, the main features of Donornomics are covering a significant share of the budget deficit through international grants and loans, stabilizing the hryvnia exchange rate and inflation via donor-financed interventions, building reserves from external assistance rather than exports, and prioritizing diplomatic contacts and donor tranches over deep institutional reforms.[93]

Private life

Shevchenko is married and has a daughter.[3]

Recognition

Professional awards

  • “Person of the Year 2017” in the “Financier of the Year” category.[94]
  • Financial Club Awards from the Financial Club news agency in the “Government Representatives” category based on the “Financial Recognition” research (2021).[95]

Rankings

Kyrylo Shevchenko was repeatedly included in rankings by the Focus magazine.

In 2017, he was listed among the “33 Best Top Managers of Ukraine” as Chairman of the Board of Ukrgasbank, where he was recognized for transforming the bank into a profitable institution and implementing a Green Banking strategy.[96]

In 2018, Shevchenko was again included among the “33 Best Managers of 2018” for his contribution to reforming Ukrgasbank and promoting green banking.[97] That same year, he ranked 68th in the “100 Most Influential Ukrainians” list as the “Ataman of the Greens,” noted for introducing an innovative Green Banking strategy and financing renewable energy projects.[98]

In 2019, Shevchenko appeared in the “33 Best Managers of Ukraine” ranking for leadership in the renewable energy sector and attracting investments from the International Finance Corporation (IFC).[99] That year, he ranked 71st in the “100 Most Influential Ukrainians” list as “Capital is Enough,” recognized for reforming Ukrgasbank and advancing green banking.[100]

In 2020, he was listed among the “39 Best Top Managers of Ukraine” for maintaining banking system stability during the COVID-19 crisis.[101] That year, he ranked 47th in the “100 Most Influential Ukrainians” list as NBU Governor for maintaining central bank independence and cooperation with the IMF.[102]

In 2021, Shevchenko ranked 21st among the “100 Most Influential Ukrainians” as NBU Governor for preserving the stability of the banking and currency markets during a crisis, despite waves of resignations within the central bank’s management.[103]

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