Kolpak (hat)
Kolpak (Ukrainian/Rusyn: Колпак) is an octagonal, onion-dome–shaped, segmented and collapsible hat,[1] sometimes topped with a decorative cross, traditionally worn by Ruthenian and Ukrainian Byzantine Catholic diocesan clergy.[2] It is intended primarily for outdoor use.[3]
It is typically made of black cloth for lower clergy, while archpriests (monsignors), canons[4] and bishops wear a version made of amaranth or violet colored fabric.[5]
History
The kolpak was introduced into discussion among Gallician Greek Catholic clergy in the late 19th century as a dignified and practical alternative to the Latin-style papafii (biretta), which many considered unsuitable to the Eastern tradition.
Metropolitan Joseph Sembratovych petitioned Rome for its approval, citing health reasons, and in January 1881 the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith authorized its use in the Archeparchy of Lviv, provided it differed from Orthodox models. Clergy soon adopted the headgear, but Austrian authorities objected that it too closely resembled kamilavka, headwear of Orthodox clergy, and might encourage pro-Orthodox sentiment.[6] The use of the kolpak declined following the Second Vatican Council, as it came to be regarded by some as a symbol of Latinization.[7][8]
References
- ^ Magocsi, Paul Robert (1989). Morality and Reality: The Life of Andrei Sheptyts'kyi.
- ^ Pastoral Guide of the Ukrainian Catholic Church in the United States of America. Pennsylvania. 1999.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Bohač, Vojtech (2 February 1997). "Liturgický slovník byzantského obradu". Slovo (in Slovak). p. 13.
- ^ Slivka, John. Historical Mirror Greek Rite Catholics 1884-1963.
- ^ Slipyj, Josyf (1979). Патріярші відзначення для духовенства (in Ukrainian). Rome: The Herald of the Supreme Archbishop of the Byzantine-Ukrainian (Greco-Ruthenian) Rite.
- ^ Himka, John-Paul (1999). Religion and nationality in Western Ukraine. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-1812-6.
- ^ Mahieu, Stéphanie; Naumescu, Vlad (2008). Churches In-between: Greek Catholic Churches in Postsocialist Europe. Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia.
- ^ Keleher, Serge; Figel, Jack. Ordo Celebrations - The Order for the Celebrations of Vespers, Orthros and the Divine Liturgy According to the Ruthenian Recension.