Josef Haiböck

Josef Haiböck
Nickname"Pepsch"
Born28 February 1917
Linz, Austria-Hungary
Died3 July 2002(2002-07-03) (aged 85)
Salzburg, Austria
Allegiance Federal State of Austria
Nazi Germany (to 1945)
Second Austrian Republic
BranchÖsterreichische Luftstreitkräfte (1937–1938)
Luftwaffe (1938–1945)
Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte (1956–1977)
Service years1937–1945
1956–1977
RankHauptmann (Wehrmacht)
Generalmajor (Bundesheer)
UnitJG 26, JG 52, JG 3
CommandsI./JG 3
Conflicts
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Josef Haiböck (28 February 1917 – 3 July 2002) was a general in the Austrian Air Force. During World War II, he served as a fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Haiböck joined the Austrian Austrian Armed Forces (Budensheer) in 1956 and retired in 1977 as a Generalmajor. During his career he was credited with 77 aerial victories in 604 missions.

Early life and career

Haiböck was born on 28 February 1917 in Linz in Austria-Hungary. In 1937, he joined the military service of Austrian Air Force. Following the Anschluss in March 1938, the forced incorporation of Austria into Nazi Germany, Haiböck was transferred to the Luftwaffe (the Nazi German Air Force). In 1938, he attended the Theresian Military Academy at Wiener Neustadt and the Luftkriegsschule 2 in Berlin–Gatow.[1]

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. On 1 December 1939, Leutnant Haiböck joined Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing), which had been named after Albert Leo Schlageter on 1 May 1939.[2] There, he was assigned to 9. Staffel (9th squadron).[3] At the time, the Geschwader was commanded by Oberst Eduard Ritter von Schleich, 9. Staffel by Oberleutnant Gerhard Schöpfel, and III. Gruppe, to which the Staffel was subordinated, was led by Major Ernst Freiherr von Berg.[4] The Gruppe was based at Werl and patrolled western German border during the "Phoney War" without having contact with the enemy. On 1 November, III. Gruppe was ordered to Essen-Mülheim Airfield.[5]

Haiböck claimed his first aerial victory on 29 May during the Battle of Dunkirk against the Royal Air Force (RAF). At 18:10, he shot down a Supermarine Spitfire west of Dunkirk. The Spitfire belonged to either No. 64, No. 229 or No. 610 Squadron.[6] Two days later, he claimed a No. 609 Squadron Spitfire over Dunkirk.[7] He claimed his last and third aerial victory of the Battle of France on 8 June over a Hawker Hurricane.[8]

On 15 August, Haiböck claimed his first aerial victories against the RAF during the Battle of Britain. That day, Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2) sent 88 Dornier Do 17 bombers from Kampfgeschwader 3 (KG 3—3rd Bomber Wing) attacking the Rochester and Eastchurch airfields. JG 26 participated on this mission, flying ahead of the bombers. Later that day, Haiböck claimed a No. 151 Squadron Hurricane shot down near Folkestone on a combat air patrol.[9] On 22 August, the command hierarchy in JG 26 changed. Hauptmann Adolf Galland, who had commanded III. Gruppe, was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 26. In consequence, Schöpfel, who had led 9. Staffel until then, succeeded Galland as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe and Haiböck was transferred to the Gruppenstab, the headquarters unit of III. Gruppe.[10] On 28 August, the Luftwaffe attacked the airfields at Eastchurch and Rochford. In defense of this attack, the RAF dispatched 32 Hurricane fighters and 12 Boulton Paul Defiant interceptor aircraft from No. 264 Squadron. In this encounter, Haiböck was credited with the destruction of a Defiant shot down east of Canterbury.[11]

Haiböck claimed his first aerial victory in 1941 on 17 June. That day, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 14, attacking the Kuhlmann chemical complexes at Chocques near Béthune. Defending against this attack, Haiböck claimed a Spitfire shot down near Saint-Omer which was not confirmed.[12] On 27 September, Haiböck was again flying with 9. Staffel, then under command of Hauptmann Kurt Ruppert. Following combat with Spitfires in the vicinity of Calais, he claimed an aerial victory. That day, the RAF flew two "Circus" missions, No. 103A attacking the Amiens motor yards, and No. 103B, targeting the Mazingarbe power station.[13]

Squadron leader

On 22 November 1941, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring informed Galland that he would succeed Oberst Werner Mölders as General der Jagdflieger (General of the Fighter Arm), a staff position with the RLM in Berlin.[14] In consequence of this decision, on 6 December, Schöpfel, Gruppenkommandeur of III. Gruppe was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of JG 26, and Hauptmann Josef Priller was given command of III. Gruppe, and Haiböck was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1. Staffel.[15]

On 19 August 1942, Allied forces launched Operation Jubilee, the amphibious attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe in northern France. Defending against this attack, Haiböck led 1. Staffel of JG 26 against the Spitfire fighters protecting the landing fleet.[16] On 28 October, Haiböck received orders that he had been transferred to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) fighting on the Eastern Front. In consequence, command of 1. Staffel of JG 26 was passed on to Oberleutnant Franz Nels.[17] The transfer was delayed and on 8 November, Haiböck claimed his last aerial victory with JG 26 when he shot down a Spitfire fighter 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) north of Gravelines.[18]

Eastern Front

On 30 December 1942, Haiböck officially succeeded Oberleutnant Friedrich Bartels as Staffelkapitän of 1. Staffel of JG 52. The Staffel was subordinated to I. Gruppe of JG 52 which was commanded by Hauptmann Helmut Bennemann.[19] On 6 December, I. Gruppe had moved to an airfield at Rossosh where they stayed until 15 January 1943. Following further relocation, the Gruppe arrived at an airfield near Kursk on 26 January. Here on 29 January, Haiböck claimed his first aerial victories on the Eastern Front when he shot down two Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft.[20] On 1 February, Haiböck was shot down in a Messerschmitt Bf 109 G during a strafing attack flown 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) east of Tim. He crash landed his aircraft and returned to his unit.[21]

On 10 February, I. Gruppe moved to Poltava where they stayed until 10 March. Here, Haiböck increased his number of aerial victories claimed to 19 by end-February.[22] Following the German defeat at Stalingrad and Soviet advance in Voronezh–Kharkov offensive, I. Gruppe was moved to Anapa located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov on 16 May.[23] Haiböck was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 17 October 1943.[24]

Group commander

On 1 December 1943, Major Günther Rall, the Gruppenkommandeur of III. Gruppe of JG 52 was sent on home leave. During his absence, Haiböck temporarily was given command of the Gruppe until Rall's return on 30 January 1944.[25] Behind Major Johannes Wiese and Leutnant Johann-Hermann Meier, Haiböck was the third most successful active fighter pilot of I. Gruppe of JG 52 at the time.[26]

On 8 February 1944, Haiböck was transferred to take command of I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing) which was fighting in Defense of the Reich. He replaced Hauptmann Joachim von Wehren who had temporarily led the Gruppe after Major Klaus Quaet-Faslem was killed on 30 January.[27][28] Command of 1. Staffel of JG 52 was passed to Oberleutnant Karl-Heinz Plücker.[29] On 25 February, Haiböck made a forced landing in his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 410377—factory number) following engine failure near Malsch, district of Karlsruhe. On the ground, he was then attacked by strafing American aircraft and seriously wounded.[30] During his convalescence, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 9 June 1944. Due to reoccurring medical complication, he remained hospitalized in a Luftwaffe hospital in Bad Ischl until the end of World War II in Europe.[31] In consequence, command of I. Gruppe of JG 3 had been passed on to Hauptmann Helmut Mertens.[28]

Later life and service

In 1956, Haiböck volunteered for military service in the Austrian Air Force, initially holding the rank auf Hauptmann.[31]

Following retirement from military service in 1977, Haiböck became the president of the Austrian Aero Club.[31] In 1986, he opposed the removal of the Alexander Löhr commemorative plaque from the Vienna the garrison church Stiftskirche. Löhr was one of the main creators of the Austrian Air Force and a convicted war criminal. The commemorative plaque had been donated by the Austrian Aero Club in 1955.[32][33]

Haiböck, who had been living with the widow of his friend Leopold Fellerer, died on 3 July 2002 at the age of 85 in Salzburg, Austria.[31][34]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Haiböck was credited with 77 aerial victories.[35] Spick also lists him with 77 aerial victories claimed in 604 combat missions. This figure includes 60 aerial victories on the Eastern Front, and further 16 victories over the Western Allies.[36] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 73 aerial victory claims, plus twelve further unconfirmed claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes 59 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 14 over the Western Allies.[37]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 73652". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[38]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Haiböck did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Barbas, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Unit Claim Date Time Type Location Unit
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[39]
Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940
1 29 May 1940 18:10 Spitfire west of Dunkirk[40] 9./JG 26 3 8 June 1940 10:30 Hurricane northwest of Beauvais[40] 9./JG 26
2 31 May 1940 15:40 Spitfire Dunkirk[40] 9./JG 26
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[39]
Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June 1940 – 21 June 1941
4 15 August 1940 20:25 Hurricane west of Folkestone[41] 9./JG 26 7 5 December 1940 12:15 Hurricane west of Hastings[42] Stab III./JG 26
4 28 August 1940 10:00 Defiant east of Canterbury[41]
Faversham 		Stab III./JG 26
—
[Note 1] 		5 December 1940 16:00~ Spitfire Stab III./JG 26
6 3 September 1940 11:05?[Note 2] Spitfire Rochester[44]
east of Southend 		Stab III./JG 26
—
 17 June 1941 20:00 Spitfire Saint-Omer[45] Stab III./JG 26
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[39]
Action at the Channel and over England — 22 June – 5 December 1941
8 7 August 1941 18:05 Spitfire Boulogne[46] Stab III./JG 26 9 27 September 1941 15:40 Spitfire 1 km (0.62 mi) north of Calais[47] 9./JG 26
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[39]
Western Front — 1 January – 29 October 1942
10?[Note 3] 12 April 1942 13:50 Spitfire 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Dover[43] 1./JG 26 13 9 May 1942 13:40 Spitfire 2 km (1.2 mi) north of Cassel[43] 1./JG 26
11 27 April 1942 12:14 Spitfire north of Saint-Omer[43] 1./JG 26
—
 29 May 1942 08:30~ Spitfire middle of the English Channel[43] 1./JG 26
12 27 April 1942 12:14 Spitfire north of Saint-Omer[43] 1./JG 26 14 2 June 1942 10:55 Spitfire west of Baie de Somme[43] 1./JG 26
—
?[Note 1] 		27 April 1942 13:45~ Spitfire over sea, north of Dunkirk[39] 1./JG 26
—
?[Note 1] 		29 June 1942 16:48 Spitfire southwest of Dunkirk[39] 1./JG 26
—
 5 May 1942 15:30~ Spitfire[43] 1./JG 26 15 8 November 1942 12:30 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Gravelines[48] 1./JG 26
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 52 –[39]
Eastern Front — 30 December 1942 – 3 February 1943
16 29 January 1943 09:50 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 73652[49]
40 km (25 mi) northeast of Kursk 		1./JG 52 17 29 January 1943 10:30 Il-2 PQ 62273[49] 1./JG 52
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 52 –[37]
Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
18 28 February 1943 09:19 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 40422[50]
east of Poltava 		1./JG 52 47 22 August 1943 08:50 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 70873[51]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Krasnyi Lyman 		1./JG 52
19 28 February 1943 09:21 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 40483[50]
east of Poltava 		1./JG 52 48 24 August 1943 12:05 La-5 PQ 34 Ost 79114[51]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Barvinkove 		1./JG 52
20 19 March 1943 14:30 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 71871[50]
40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Bely Kolodez 		1./JG 52 49 24 August 1943 14:37 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 70796[51]
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Izium 		1./JG 52
21 19 March 1943 09:15 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 75422[52]
northeast of Novorossiysk 		1./JG 52 50 25 August 1943 17:21 La-5 PQ 34 Ost 79123, southwest of Dolynska[51]
vicinity of Dolynska 		1./JG 52
22 26 April 1943 17:27?[Note 5] P-39 PQ 34 Ost 86744[52]
vicinity of Trojzkaja 		1./JG 52 51 26 August 1943 17:45 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 70799[51]
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Izium 		1./JG 52
23 27 April 1943 18:05 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 85111, Krymskaya[52]
vicinity of Krasshyj Golubowski 		1./JG 52 52 9 September 1943 17:05 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 85144[51]
vicinity of Abinsk 		1./JG 52
24 27 April 1943 18:07 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 85113, 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Krymskaya[52] 1./JG 52 53 14 September 1943 15:40 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 34 Ost 76882[51]
vicinity of Kesselerowo 		1./JG 52
25 5 July 1943 09:20 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 61321[53]
15 km (9.3 mi) south of Krasnyi Lyman 		1./JG 52 54 14 September 1943 15:50 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 34 Ost 76766[51]
south of Bolschoj Rasnokol 		1./JG 52
26 5 July 1943 18:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 61624, southeast of Belgorod[53]
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Belgorod 		1./JG 52 55 18 September 1943 10:14 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 76563[51]
over sea, north of Temryuk 		1./JG 52
27 5 July 1943 18:33 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 61621, 12 km (7.5 mi) southwest of Belgorod[53]
12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of Belgorod 		1./JG 52 56 19 September 1943 15:33 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 76792[54]
south of Starotitarovskaya 		1./JG 52
28 9 July 1943 10:58 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 62786, east of Belgorod[53]
20 km (12 mi) south of Oboyan 		1./JG 52 57 20 September 1943 12:32 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 76872[54]
south of Kolonka 		1./JG 52
29 18 July 1943 15:16 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 88262[55]
vicinity of Jalisawehino 		1./JG 52 58 21 September 1943 15:32 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 76812[54]
west of Kalabatka 		1./JG 52
30 19 July 1943 16:10 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 88267, east of Marinowka[55]
vicinity of Jalisawehino 		1./JG 52 59 23 September 1943 17:15 Il-2 PQ 34 Ost 76734[54]
southwest of Kurtschanskaja 		1./JG 52
31 20 July 1943 18:26 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 34 Ost 88294[55]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Jalisawehino 		1./JG 52 60 24 September 1943 09:59 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 66864[54]
vicinity of Wennlowka 		1./JG 52
32 22 July 1943 15:23 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 34 Ost 88259[55]
vicinity of Dmitrijewka 		1./JG 52
—
[Note 6] 		24 September 1943
—
 Il-2[54] 1./JG 52
33 1 August 1943 11:16 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 34 Ost 88252, southwest of Stepanowka[57]
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Kuteinykove 		1./JG 52 61 2 October 1943 15:40 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 76771[54]
vicinity of Kossa Goljak 		1./JG 52
34 7 August 1943 15:16 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 61595, north of Leskij[57]
30 km (19 mi) south-southwest of Belgorod 		1./JG 52 62 3 October 1943 15:45 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 34 Ost 66662[54]
west of Saporoshskaja 		1./JG 52
35 7 August 1943 17:41 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 61326[57]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Krasnyi Lyman 		1./JG 52 63 7 October 1943 08:16 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 66684[58]
over sea, north of Tamanj 		1./JG 52
36 7 August 1943 17:55 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 61477[57]
5 km (3.1 mi) south of Belgorod 		1./JG 52 64 13 October 1943 15:45?[Note 7] La-5 PQ 34 Ost 58212[58]
30 km (19 mi) northeast of Zaporizhzhia 		1./JG 52
37 8 August 1943 05:55 La-5?[Note 8] PQ 34 Ost 80824[57]
15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Starobelsk 		1./JG 52 65 22 October 1943 11:30 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 58734[58]
20 km (12 mi) west of Bolschoj Tokmak 		1./JG 52
38 11 August 1943 09:07 La-5?[Note 8] PQ 35 Ost 61592, north of Leskij[57]
30 km (19 mi) south-southwest of Belgorod 		1./JG 52 66 23 October 1943 11:00 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 39662, 16 km (9.9 mi) east of Pjatichatki[59] 1./JG 52
39 11 August 1943 09:17 Yak-1?[Note 9] PQ 35 Ost 51721[57]
north of Krasnokutsk 		1./JG 52 67 24 October 1943 07:00 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 58692[59]
15 km (9.3 mi) west-northwest of Bolschoj Tokmak 		1./JG 52
40 14 August 1943 11:17 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 51738[57]
10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Bogoduchow 		1./JG 52 68 28 October 1943 09:23 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 48834[59]
vicinity of Beloserka 		1./JG 52
41 16 August 1943 11:20 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 70769[57]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Izium 		1./JG 52 69 29 October 1943 11:50 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 47471[59]
5 km (3.1 mi) north of Ivanovka 		1./JG 52
42 17 August 1943 14:07 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 70766[57]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Izium 		1./JG 52 70 12 November 1943 07:10 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 66814[60]
vicinity of Krotkow 		1./JG 52
43 17 August 1943 17:30 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 88221, 1 km (0.62 mi) west of Rerowka[57] 1./JG 52 71 12 November 1943 10:48 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 66592, 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Kerch[60]
southeast of Kerch 		1./JG 52
44 18 August 1943 18:39 Il-2 PQ 34 Ost 88227[57]
west of Stepanowka 		1./JG 52 72 28 November 1943 10:30 La-5 PQ 34 Ost 39331[60]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Mironowka 		1./JG 52
45 20 August 1943 11:03 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 88291[51]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Jalisawehino 		1./JG 52
—
 7 December 1943
—
 Yak-9 vicinity of Kryvyi Rih[61] Stab III./JG 52
46 20 August 1943 16:50 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 88299, south-southeast of Kalinowka[51]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Jalisawehino 		1./JG 52 73 19 December 1943
—
 LaGG-3 west of Bolshaya Belozerka[61]
Bol-Bilanka 		Stab III./JG 52
—
 21 August 1943
—
 Yak-1 vicinity of Mius[51] 1./JG 52
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 52 –[56]
Eastern Front — 1 January – 7 February 1944
—
[Note 10] 		3 January 1944
—
 Yak-1 Kryvyi Rih[56] Stab III./JG 52
—
[Note 10] 		30 January 1944
—
 P-39 Kropyvnytskyi[56] Stab III./JG 52
74 6 January 1944 11:30 P-39?[Note 11] northeast of Nowgorod[62] Stab III./JG 52
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[56]
Defense of the Reich — 8 – 25 February 1944
—
[Note 12] 		24 February 1944
—
 P-47[64] vicinity of Cochem/Mosel Stab I./JG 3

Awards and decorations

Notes

  1. ^ a b c This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[42][43]
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:10.[39]
  3. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.[37]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 07:27.[39]
  6. ^ This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[56]
  7. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:15.[56]
  8. ^ a b According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Yakovlev Yak-1.[56]
  9. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Douglas A-20 Havoc.[56]
  10. ^ a b This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Barbas.[62]
  11. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Ilyushin Il-2.[56]
  12. ^ This unconfirmed claim is listed as his 75th aerial victory in the 2002 book by Prien and Stemmer.[63]
  13. ^ According to Scherzer as Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" [for his achievements as Staffelkapitän in the I./Jagdgeschwader 52].[67]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Berger & Habisohn 2003, p. 55.
  2. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 6, 14.
  3. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 128.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2001a, pp. 166, 204.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2001a, p. 204.
  6. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 32–33.
  7. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 34.
  8. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 38–39.
  9. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 56–58.
  10. ^ Caldwell 1991, p. 61.
  11. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 64.
  12. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 136.
  13. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 180–181, 327.
  14. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 192.
  15. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 195.
  16. ^ Weal 1996, pp. 25–26.
  17. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 298, 326.
  18. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 302.
  19. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 423.
  20. ^ Barbas 2006, pp. 183, 201, 401.
  21. ^ Barbas 2006, pp. 183, 369.
  22. ^ Barbas 2006, pp. 201–202.
  23. ^ Barbas 2006, p. 205.
  24. ^ Barbas 2006, p. 350.
  25. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 279.
  26. ^ Barbas 2006, p. 245.
  27. ^ Prien & Stemmer 2002, p. 404.
  28. ^ a b Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 273.
  29. ^ Schreier 1990, p. 187.
  30. ^ Prien & Stemmer 2002, pp. 256, 416.
  31. ^ a b c d e Berger & Habisohn 2003, p. 57.
  32. ^ Pitsch 2004, p. 26.
  33. ^ Hufschmied et al. 2021, p. 420.
  34. ^ a b Dixon 2023, p. 119.
  35. ^ Zabecki 2014, p. 1615.
  36. ^ Spick 1996, p. 236.
  37. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 470–471.
  38. ^ Planquadrat.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 470.
  40. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2001b, p. 228.
  41. ^ a b Prien et al. 2002, p. 336.
  42. ^ a b Prien et al. 2002, p. 340.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2004, p. 352.
  44. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 337.
  45. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 341.
  46. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 548.
  47. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 550.
  48. ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 353.
  49. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 439.
  50. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 282.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2012, p. 289.
  52. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 283.
  53. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 286.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2012, p. 290.
  55. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 287.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 471.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2012, p. 288.
  58. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 291.
  59. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 292.
  60. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 293.
  61. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 493.
  62. ^ a b Barbas 2010, p. 373.
  63. ^ Prien & Stemmer 2002, p. 445.
  64. ^ Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 277.
  65. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 161.
  66. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 211.
  67. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 361.

Bibliography

  • Barbas, Bernd (2006). Die Geschichte der I. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 1st Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-79-3.
  • Barbas, Bernd (2010). Die Geschichte der III. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 3rd Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-94-6.
  • Berger, Florian; Habisohn, Christian (2003). Ritterkreuzträger im Österreichischen Bundesheer 1955–1985 [Knight's Cross Bearers of the Austrian Armed Forces 1955–1985] (in German). Vienna, Austria: Selbstverlag Florian Berger. ISBN 978-3-9501307-2-0.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  • Caldwell, Donald L. (1991). JG 26: Top Guns of the Luftwaffe. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1050-1.
  • Caldwell, Donald L. (1996). The JG 26 War Diary: Volume One 1939–1942. London, UK: Grubstreet. ISBN 978-1-898697-52-7.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Hufschmied, Richard; Uhl, Heidemarie; Gugerel, Stefan; Kurdiovsky, Richard; Lein, Richard; Pirker, Peter; Stuhlpfarrer, Anna (2021). Gedächtnisort der Republik — Das Österreichische Heldendenkmal im Äußeren Burgtor der Wiener Hofburg. Geschichte – Kontroversen – Perspektiven [Memorial Places of the Republic — the Austrian Hero Monument in the outer Castle Gate of the Vienna Hofburg. History – Controversies – Perspectives] (in German). Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-205-20907-2.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Pitsch, Erwin (2004). Alexander Löhr. Band 1: Der Generalmajor und Schöpfer der Österreichischen Luftstreitkräfte [Alexander Löhr. Volume 1: The Major General and Creator of the Austrian Air Force] (in German). Salzburg, Austria: Österreichischer Miliz-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-901185-21-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard (2002). Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" in WWII: Stab and I./JG 3 in Action with the Messerschmitt Bf 109. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-1681-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 2—Der "Sitzkrieg"—1.9.1939 bis 9.5.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 2—The "Phoney War"—1 September 1939 to 9 May 1940] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-59-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-61-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/I—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/I—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-63-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 7—Heimatverteidigung—1. January bis 31 Dezember 1942—Einsatz im Westen—1. Januar bis 31. Dezember 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 7—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1942—Action in the West—1 January to 31 December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-73-1.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2018). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/IV—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/IV—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-19-2.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Schreier, Hans (1990). JG 52 Das erfolgreichste Jagdgeschwader des 2. Weltkriegs [JG 52 The Most Successful Fighter Wing of World War II] (in German). Berg am See: K. Vowinckel. ISBN 978-3-921655-66-5.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Weal, John (1996). Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 9. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-595-1.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-981-3.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.