John Spilsbury (cartographer)

John Spilsbury
Born1739
Died3 April 1769(1769-04-03) (aged 29–30)
OccupationCartographer
Known forFirst commercial maker of the jigsaw puzzle

John Spilsbury (/I.P.A. spɪlsbəri/ 1739 – 3 April 1769)[1] was a British cartographer and engraver. He is credited as the inventor of the jigsaw puzzle. Spilsbury created them for educational purposes, and called them "Dissected Maps".[2][3]

Life and works

John Spilsbury was the second of three sons of Thomas Spilsbury; the engraver Jonathan Spilsbury was his elder brother, and the two have sometimes been confused.[4] He served as an apprentice to Thomas Jefferys, the Royal Geographer to King George III.

Spilsbury advertised himself as an 'engraver and map dissector in wood' in 1763 and is almost certainly the earliest commercial producer of jigsaw puzzles.[5] He created the first puzzle in 1766 as an educational tool to teach geography. He affixed a world map to wood and carved each country out to create the first puzzle. Sensing a business opportunity, he created puzzles on eight themes - the World, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, England and Wales, Ireland, and Scotland.

Another individual has been identified as a maker of map puzzles before Spilsbury was selling his wares: Madame de Beaumont, a French author and educator living in England from 1748-1762.[5] Madame de Beaumont's 'wooden maps' are referred to in letters sent in 1759 and 1762, predating the sale of Spilsbury's puzzles.[5][6]

Spilsbury married Sarah May of Newmarket, Suffolk in 1761. After his death she ran his business for a period, then married Harry Ashby who had been apprentice to Spilsbury, and who continued to sell puzzles.[4]

References

  1. ^ Hannas, Linda. The English jigsaw puzzle, 1760-1890. Wayland, 1972, p. 20 (preview, p. 20, at Google Books)
  2. ^ "The Time of the Jigsaws". BBC. 15 November 2016.
  3. ^ "Top 10 facts about jigsaw puzzles". Daily Express. 15 November 2016.
  4. ^ a b Sloman, Susan. "Spilsbury, Jonathan". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26154. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  5. ^ a b c Norgate, Martin (2007). "Cutting Borders: Dissected Maps and the Origins of the Jigsaw Puzzle". The Cartographic Journal. 44 (4): 342–350. doi:10.1179/000870407X241908. ISSN 0008-7041.
  6. ^ Dempsey, Caitlin (4 November 2015). "Dissected Maps: the First Jigsaw Puzzles". Geography Realm. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.