Jerónimo de Ripalda

Jerónimo de Ripalda (1535 – 21 April 1618) was a Spanish Jesuit priest and the author of the famous catechism Doctrina christiana con una exposición breve, compuesta por el Maestro Hieronymo de Ripalda de la Compañía de Iesús (Burgos: 1591).[1][2][3]

Biography

Jerónimo de Ripalda, of Basque ancestry, was born in Teruel in 1535. He was the son of the physician Bernardino de Ripalda, who had known Ignatius of Loyola when they studied in Alcalá. Bernardino firmly opposed his son's desire to enter the Society of Jesus, even obtaining a royal decree that he presented to the rector of the Jesuit college in Alcalá, where Jerónimo had enrolled at age 14 or 16. Nonetheless, he was unable to prevail, and his son entered the order.[4]

Ripalda’s formation within the Society of Jesus took place in Gandía, Valencia, and again in Alcalá. He taught in Plasencia, Valladolid, and Ávila, and later served as rector of the Jesuit colleges in Villagarcía, Salamanca, Burgos, and Valladolid.[5]

During his time in Salamanca, he was confessor to Teresa of Ávila. As she recounts in the prologue to the Book of the Foundations, she asked him to complete her account of the foundation of the first monastery of the Discalced Carmelite friars with an explanation of the seven additional monasteries.[6]

Ripalda first published his primer or Catechism in Burgos in 1591, although its most well-known edition was printed in Toledo in 1618, where he died that same year. The work became widespread throughout southern Spain,[7] while in the northern regions the Catechism of fellow Jesuit Gaspar Astete (1599) was preferred.

Equipped with the innovations of the Council of Trent, these catechisms were taken to Spanish America,[7] where they were translated into Indigenous languages. Ripalda’s catechism was translated into at least Nahuatl, Otomí, Purépecha, Zapotec, and various Mayan languages, among others. A Basque version was produced by Martín Ochoa de Capanaga in 1656.[8]

The Mexican writer José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi criticized aspects of the catechism in two pamphlets in 1827. Nonetheless, this manual—reprinted hundreds of times, like Astete's—taught Christian doctrine to nearly all Spaniards and Spanish Americans until the Second Vatican Council (1965). A new official Catechism of the Catholic Church was issued in 1992.

His name

In the historiography concerning Ripalda and his catechism, his name appears in multiple forms. The principal scholar of the catechism, Juan Manuel Sánchez, notes that Jesuit bibliographers generally refer to him as “Jerónimo Ripalda,” without the preposition “de”; only Father Uriarte includes it. However, in the numerous printed editions of the catechism, he appears as “Jerónimo de Ripalda,” which was the name he normally used.[9]

The Enciclopedia Espasa lists him as "Jerónimo Martínez de Ripalda" without explanation,[10] likely due to confusion with another Spanish Jesuit theologian, Juan Martínez de Ripalda (1641–1707).[11]

Works

In addition to his best-known work, Catecismo y exposición breve de la doctrina cristiana (Burgos, 1591; Toledo, 1618), which saw hundreds of reprints,[12] he also published the following:[13]

  • A Spanish translation of Contemptu Mundi by Thomas à Kempis; three known editions, all identifying the translator only as “a Father of the Society of Jesus”:
    • Contemptu Mundi. De nuevo corregido por un Padre de la Compañía de Jesús, Alcalá de Henares, 1576.
    • Contemptu Mundi el más cumplido que hasta ahora se ha impreso, Sevilla, 1587.
    • Contemptu Mundi o de la Imitación de Cristo. Lib. IV. Amberes, 1612.
  • Razonamiento que hace el pecador a Dios, Miguel Serrano, Madrid, 1614.
  • Suave coloquio del pecador con Dios, Lérida, 1618.

References

  1. ^ María Adelina Arredondo López. "El catesismo de Ripalda" [The Ripalda Catechism]. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  2. ^ Carmelo López-Arias. "El «Catecismo Mayor» de San Pío X, una obra singular que cumple un siglo" [The “Major Catechism” of St. Pius X, a unique work that turns one hundred years old]. Religión en libertad. Archived from the original on 2024-07-03. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  3. ^ Burrus, Ernest J. (1958). "The Author of the Mexican Council Catechisms". The Americas. 15 (2): 171–178. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  4. ^ Resines, L, 1981, p. 242.
  5. ^ Biography of Jerónimo de Ripalda in the Diccionario Biográfico Español of the Real Academia de la Historia.
  6. ^ St. Teresa of Ávila, Libro de las Fundaciones, prologue, Apostolado de la Prensa, Madrid, 1916, p. 8.
  7. ^ a b Francisco Javier Gómez Ortín. "Dios te salve" [Hail Mary]. Tonos Digital. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  8. ^ Abbott, T.K.; Dogson, Edward Spencer. "DOCTRINA CHRISTIANAREN EXPLICACIOA ... ETC. URTE 1713. DONOSTIAN: PEDRO DE UGARTE-REN ECHEAN". Hermathena. 16 (36): 40–56. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  9. ^ Juan Manuel Sánchez, Christian Doctrine of Father Jerónimo de Ripalda and bibliographic review thereof. Years 1591-1900. Imprenta Alemana, Madrid, 1909, p. VII. Cited in Resines L. (1981, p. 242, note 1)., Doctrina Cristiana del P. Jerónimo de Ripalda eitento bibliográfico de la misma. Años 1591–1900, Imprensta Alemana, Madrid, 1909, p. VII.
  10. ^ Resines, 1981, p=242
  11. ^ Juan Martínez de Ripalda was born in Olite, entered the Society of Jesus in 1659, and traveled to the New Kingdom of Granada in the Indies, where he served as professor of philosophy and theology, rector of the Bogotá seminary-college, and later librarian of the Pontifical Xavierian University. See his biography in the online Diccionario Biográfico of the Real Academia de la Historia.
  12. ^ Jerónimo de Ripalda (3 September 2010). Catesismo: y Exposicion Breve: de la: Doctrina Cristiana (in Spanish). Editorial MAXTOR. ISBN 978-84-9761-796-3. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  13. ^ Resines, 1981, p=243

Bibliography

  • Luis Resines, “Lectura crítica de los catecismos de Astete y Ripalda. Segunda parte,” Estudio Agustiniano 16 (1981), no. 2, p. 242.
  • Biography of Jerónimo de Ripalda, Diccionario Biográfico Español of the Real Academia de la Historia.
  • Entry “Ripalda, Jerónimo Martínez de” in the Auñamendi Basque Encyclopedia.
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