Isorophida

Isorophida
Temporal range:
Lepidodiscus, an agelacrinitid isorophid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: †Edrioasteroidea
Order: †Isorophida
Bell 1974
Suborders and Families

Isorophida (the isorophids) is an extinct order of prehistoric echinoderms in the class Edrioasteroidea. They are characterized by a dome-shaped or club-shaped theca with ambulacra typically limited to the upward-facing oral surface.[4] Isorophids have a well-developed peripheral rim and valvular anal structure. They were able to extend and contract the theca to a variable degree depending on thecal morphology.[5]

Isorophids are the most common order of edrioasteroids.[4]

References

Works cited

  • Bell, Bruce M. (1974). "A Study of North American Edrioasteroidea". New York State Museum and Science Service Memoir. 21. (Note that the front cover gives the year as 1976, however the inside cover gives the correct year of 1974 as corroborated by the publisher's listing at the New York State Museum Memoirs page)
  • Sumrall, Colin D. (1993). "Thecal designs in isorophinid edrioasteroids". Lethaia. 26: 283–302.
  • Sumrall, Colin D. (2009). "First Definite Record of Permian Edrioasteroids: Neoisorophusella maslennikovi n. sp. from the Kungurian of Northeast Russia". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (6): 990–993. JSTOR 20627684.
  • Sumrall, Colin D.; Phelps, Daniel (2021). "Spiracarneyella, a new carneyellid edrioasteroid from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of Kentucky and Ohio and comments on carneyellid heterochrony". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (3): 624–629. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.97.
  • Sumrall, Colin D.; Zamora, Samuel (2011). "Ordovician edrioasteroids from Morocco: faunal exchanges across the Rheic Ocean". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (3): 425–454. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.499137.


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