Hōjō Ujinao

In this Japanese name, the surname is Hōjō.
Hōjō Ujinao
北条 氏直
Head of Later Hōjō clan
In office
1590–1591
Preceded byHōjō Ujimasa
Personal details
BornKuniōmaru
1562 (1562)
Odawara Castle
DiedDecember 19, 1591(1591-12-19) (aged 28–29)
Mount Kōya
SpouseTokuhime (Tokugawa)
RelationsTokugawa Ieyasu (father in law)
Hōjō Ujimori (adopted son)
Parents
Military service
AllegianceLater Hōjō clan
Tokugawa clan
Toyotomi clan
RankDaimyo
Battles/wars

Kazusa Campaign (1577)

Hōjō Ujinao (北条 氏直; 1562 – December 19, 1591) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Sengoku period, and the final head of the Later Hōjō clan. An important figure in the history of Azuchi–Momoyama politics, he lost his entire domain following the Siege of Odawara (1590). He survived the Siege and carried on as a small daimyō in the Edo period.

Biography

Born in Odawara Castle in 1562, Ujinao was the grandson of Hōjō Ujiyasu and the son of Hōjō Ujimasa and was named Kuniōmaru (国王丸). His mother was the daughter of Takeda Shingen.

Coming of age in early 1577, he took the formal name Ujinao. He married Tokuhime, the second daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu, as a condition for peace between their two clans. In maturity, Ujinao held junior 5th court rank, lower grade (ju-go-i-ge) and the title Sakyō-dayu. Later, he took part in the Ujimasa invasion at Kazusa Province. This battle marked the first battle for Ujinao.

Tenshō-Jingo Conflict

Main article: Tokugawa Ieyasu § Tenshō-Jingo_war

In 1582, after the death of Oda Nobunaga, Ujinao and the Hōjō family took advantage of the situation to launch an invasion of the Kai (currently Gunma Prefecture) and Shinano Provinces.[1] However, at the same time, Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Uesugi clan also aspired to seize the vast area in Shinano Province, Kōzuke Province, and Kai Province which was ruled by the remnants of many small clans formerly serving the Takeda clan. Ieyasu invaded the Kai and Shinano provinces to establish control there with the consent of senior vassals of the Oda clan.[2] Uesugi Kagekatsu of Uesugi clan also made his move by supporting the former Takeda clan forces under the lead of Ogasawara Dōsetsusai from Ogasawara clan and Yashiro Hidemasa at Chikuma and the Nishina clan of Azumino. They defeated and expelled Kiso Yoshimasa, who was granted the control of both Chikuma and Azumino by Oda Nobunaga.[3] However, facing this development, another branch of Ogasawara clan (led by Ogasawara Sadayoshi and his retainers) appealed to the Tokugawa clan and offered their allegiance to Ieyasu.[4] This caused a three-way conflict between those three factions and an event known as the Tenshō-Jingo war broke out.[5][6]

By June 13, the Hōjō clan had captured Iwadono Castle in Tsuru District, and instructed Watanabe Shozaemon, a local magnate from Tsuru District, to assist them in their conquest.[7] Subsequently, Sanada Masayuki seized Numata Castle for the Uesugi clan.[8] On June 14 however, Kawajiri Hidetaka killed Honda Nobutoshi. Leading to an uprising from many clans in Kai province against Hidetaka on the following day, which resulted in Hidetaka being killed in June 18.[9] On June 24, Uesugi Kagekatsu of Echigo also advanced into northern Shinano and entered Naganuma castle.[10] Later, Ujinao attacked the location of senior retainer, Takigawa Kazumasu at the Battle of Kanagawa. On the border between the Kōzuke and Musashi provinces, Kazumasu faced off against the Hōjō forces at Kanegawa. Kazumasu had 18,000 troops, while the Hōjō wielded 55,000, Kazumasu was defeated and retreated to Nagashima.[1] In response, on July 7, 1582, Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent a letter to Ieyasu authorizing him to dispatch troops to secure the two provinces of Kai and Shinano.[a]

As the main body of the Tokugawa army led by Ieyasu met with the Hōjō clan main army stationed at Wakamiko castle, a series of military engagements between them occurred, where 8,000 of Tokugawa soldiers fought against around 50,000 soldiers of Hōjō soldiers led by Hōjō Ujinao.[11][12] On July 12 as the troops under Ujinao advanced across Usui Pass, Nobushige resisted them, abandoned the Komoro Castle, and retreated to a fortress which he deemed more suitable to defend against the Hōjō army.[13] Later on July 16 of the same year, Sadayoshi launched an attack on Fukashi Castle, forcing Dōsetsusai along with Hidemasa to surrender to Sadayoshi.[4]

In the final phase of the war, the Tokugawa forces engaged in the battle of Kurokoma against the alliance of the Hōjō and the Satomi clans,[14] with the Hōjō clan receiving a 10,000-man reinforcement from Satomi Yoshiyori, ruler of Awa Province (Chiba).[15] During this conflict, Sakakibara Yasumasa stormed one of the castles belonging to the Hōjō, while Matsudaira Ietada harassed the Hōjō food supplies.[16] Later, during a standoff in Kurokoma, Tokugawa dispatched Mizuno Katsushige and Torii Mototada to lead 2,000 soldiers in a raiding operation, where they managed to repel the 10,000-man Hōjō army detachment led by Hōjō Ujinao.[17] Hōjō Ujikatsu saw this and went to Ujitada's rescue, but was repelled.[18]The Hōjō army ultimately failed to encircle the Tokugawa army from behind[17] and in the end, the Tokugawa clan managed to beat the alliance of the Hōjō and Satomi clans.[15] In the aftermath of the battle of Kurokoma, Ieyasu sent Sakai Tadatsugu in December to subdue Suwa Yoritada at Suwa in Shinano, where Tadatsugu managed to subdue Yoritada and secure his surrender to the Tokugawa clan.[19]

As the war turned in favor of Ieyasu, and combined with the defection of Sanada Masayuki to the Tokugawa side, the Hōjō clan negotiated a truce with Ieyasu.[20] The Hōjō clan then sent Hōjō Ujinobu as a representative, while the Tokugawa sent Ii Naomasa for the preliminary meetings.[21][22] In October, representatives from the Oda clan such as Oda Nobukatsu, Oda Nobutaka, and Toyotomi mediated the negotiations until the truce officially concluded.[23] It was recorded that the invasion of Satake Yoshishige against the territory of Hōjō also encouraged them to accept the truce with Tokugawa.[24]

Fall of Go-Hōjō clan

Main article: Siege of Odawara (1590)

In 1590, Odawara fell to a siege at the hands of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; his father and uncle were forced to commit suicide, but Ujinao was spared because he was Tokugawa Ieyasu's son-in-law. Ujinao and his wife were exiled to Mount Kōya, where he died later the following year.

His adoptive son, Hōjō Ujimori, was the first daimyo of Sayama-han (Kawachi Province).

Family

  • Father: Hojo Ujimasa
  • Mother: Obaiin (1543–1569)
  • Wife: Toku Hime
  • Children:
    • Son by Tokuhime
    • Hoshuin-dono married Ikeda Toshitaka by Tokuhime
    • Manshuin-dono by Tokuhime

Appendix

Footnotes

  1. ^ Ieyasu's position and actions here are not those of an independent feudal lord, but as a feudal lord under the Oda regime, with the aim of defeating the Hojo clan [2]

References

  1. ^ a b Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. pp. 232–233. ISBN 9781854095237.
  2. ^ a b Miyagawa Nobuo (2012). "天正期北関東政治史の一齣 : 徳川・羽柴両氏との関係を中心に" [A Scene in the Political History of Northern Kanto during the Tensho Period: Focusing on the Relationship with the Tokugawa and Hashiba Clan]. 駒沢史学 (78). 駒沢史学会: 19–37. ISSN 0450-6928.（Addendum: Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋), 2011, page 4）
  3. ^ Hirayama 2015, pp. 167.
  4. ^ a b Hirayama 2015, pp. 188.
  5. ^ Masaru Hirayama (2016). "天正壬午の乱【増補改訂版】─本能寺の変と東国戦国史" [Tensho Migo Rebellion [revised and enlarged edition] - Honnoji Incident and the history of the Sengoku period in the Togoku region] (in Japanese). Ebisukosyo. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  6. ^ Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) (1982). 日本城郭史研究叢書 第8巻 大坂城の諸研究 [Japanese Castle History Research Series Vol. 8 Various Studies on Osaka Castle] (in Japanese). 名著出版. pp. 412–413. ISBN 4404010362. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  7. ^ Hirayama 2015, pp. 132–133.
  8. ^ Hirayama 2015, pp. 91–97.
  9. ^ Hirayama 2015, pp. 63.
  10. ^ Shinichi 2005, p. 33.
  11. ^ East Volumes 19-20. East Publications. 1983. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  12. ^ Okaya Shigezane (1967). 名将言行錄 定本 · Volume 6 (in Japanese). Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha. p. 33. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  13. ^ Hirayama 2011, pp. 273.
  14. ^ Hotta Masaatsu (1917). 寛政重修諸家譜: 第4輯 [Various Kyushu clans record: Part 4] (in Japanese). Keio University: 榮進舍出版部. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  15. ^ a b Hidefumi Takei (竹井英文) (2007). "房相一和"と戦国期東国社会」（佐藤博信 編『中世東国の政治構造 中世東国論:上 ["'Boso Ichiwa' and the Society of the Eastern Provinces in the Warring States Period" (Hironobu Sato, ed., The Political Structure of the Eastern Provinces in the Middle Ages: Theory of the Eastern Provinces in the Middle Ages: Vol. 1] (in Japanese). Iwata Shoin. ISBN 978-4-87294-472-3. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  16. ^ Kōya Nakamura (1965). 家康傳 (in Japanese). 講談社. p. 40. Retrieved May 22, 2024. quoting Ietada Diary, Osuga Chronicles, Kanei Family Genealogy, & Sakakibara clan records
  17. ^ a b 長谷川正次 (November 2005). 高遠藩. シリーズ藩物語. 現代書館. p. 50. ISBN 4-7684-7103-X.
  18. ^ kōya nakamura (1959). 德川家康文書の研究 - Volume 1 [Research on Tokugawa Ieyasu Documents - Volume 1] (in Japanese). 日本學術振興會發行, 丸善發賣. p. 906. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
  19. ^ Abe Takashi; Nishimura Keiko (1990). 戦国人名事典 [Encyclopedia of Sengoku People] (コンパクト ed.). 新人物往来社. p. 440. ISBN 4-404-01752-9.
  20. ^ Masaru Hirayama (2016). 真田信之 : 父の知略に勝った決断力 (in Japanese). PHP研究所. ISBN 9784569830438. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  21. ^ Aida Nirō (1976). 日本古文書学の諸問題 (in Japanese). 名著出版. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  22. ^ 千葉琢穂 (1989). 藤原氏族系図 6 [Fujiwara clan genealogy 6]. 展望社. p. 227. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  23. ^ Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋) (2015, pp. 33–52)
  24. ^ Senhish Editorial Department (2020). "「天正壬午の乱（1582年）」信長死後、旧武田領は戦国武将たちの草刈り場に！" [After Nobunaga's death during the Tensho Jingo War (1582), the former Takeda territory became a battlefield for Sengoku warlords!]. 戦国ヒストリ (in Japanese). sengoku-his.com. Retrieved June 11, 2024. Masaru Hirayama, Sanada Nobushige: The Truth About the Man Called Yukimura (KADOKAWA, 2015); Hirayama Masaru, "The Tensho Jingo Rebellion: Revised and Enlarged Edition" (Ryokosho Publishing, 2015); Hirayama Masaru, "Three Generations of the Sanada" (PHP Institute, 2011)

Bibliography

  • Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋) (2015). "北条・徳川間外交の意思伝達構造" [The structure of communication in diplomacy between the Hojo and Tokugawa]. 国文学研究資料館紀要. 11 (11). 国文学研究資料館. doi:10.24619/00001469. ISSN 1880-2249.
  • Hirayama, Yū (2011), 武田遺領をめぐる動乱と秀吉の野望 [Takeda's Territory and Hideyoshi's Ambitions], 戎光祥出版, ISBN 978-4-86403-035-9
  • Hirayama, Yū (2015). 天正壬午の乱 [Tensho-Jingo war] (増補改訂版 ed.). 戎光祥出版. ISBN 978-4-86403-170-7.
  • Shinichi, Saito (2005). 戦国時代の終焉. 中公新書 1809. 中央公論新社. ISBN 4121018095.
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