Hiramandalam
Hiramandalam
హీరమండలం | |
|---|---|
Hiramandalam Road at Dannanapeta | |
Hiramandalam Location in Orissa, India | |
| Coordinates: 18°40′00″N 83°57′00″E / 18.6667°N 83.9500°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Srikakulam |
| Area | |
• Total | 2.55 km2 (0.98 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
• Total | 6,603 |
| • Density | 2,590/km2 (6,710/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 532 459 |
| Vehicle Registration | OD-18 [2] |
Hiramandalam is a census town and mandal headquarters in Srikakulam district, in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.[3] It is located on the banks of the Vamsadhara River, and is the site of the B.R.R. Vamsadhara Project and the Gotta barrage, which together provide irrigation to large parts of Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts.[4][5]
Geography
Hiramandalam is located at 18°40′00″N 83°57′00″E / 18.6667°N 83.9500°E.[6] It has an average elevation of 27 meters (91 feet).
Demographics
According to Indian census, 2001, the demographic details of Hiramandalam mandal is as follows:
- Total Population: 46,204 in 11,055 Households
- Male Population: 22,954 and Female Population: 23,250
F > M
- Children Under 6 Yrs: 6,347 (Boys - 3,162 and Girls - 3,185)
F > M
- Total Literates: 22,780
Education
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[7][8] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English, Telugu.
Irrigation and Projects
Hiramandalam is closely associated with the B.R.R. Vamsadhara Project, one of the major irrigation schemes in north coastal Andhra Pradesh. The project was initiated in the 1970s to utilize the waters of the Vamsadhara River.
Stage I involved the construction of the Gotta barrage near Hiramandalam and a Left Main Canal about 104 km long, designed to irrigate nearly 148,230 acres across 398 villages in Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts.[9]
Stage II Phase I extended irrigation to another 62,280 acres through the Right Main Canal, with Hiramandalam mandal among the beneficiaries.[10]
Stage II Phase II envisages the construction of the Hiramandalam Reservoir, with a proposed storage capacity of about 19 TMC, and a side weir at Katragadda to divert floodwaters from the Vamsadhara into the reservoir. This phase aims to stabilize irrigation over 45,000 acres and supplement both Left and Right Main Canals.[11]
In 2022, the Government of Andhra Pradesh approved a lift irrigation project to channel water from the Gotta barrage into the Hiramandalam reservoir through a 600-metre pipeline. The project, estimated at ₹135 crore, is expected to stabilize irrigation over 210,000 acres and provide drinking water to about 1,500 villages.[12]
Ecology
The stretch of the Vamsadhara River around the Gotta barrage near Hiramandalam supports notable aquatic biodiversity. A survey conducted between February 2021 and January 2023 documented 49 species of fish, belonging to 12 orders, 19 families, and 33 genera, including five alien species. Most of the recorded species were assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, while a few were categorized as Near Threatened or Vulnerable.[13]
Transport
Hiramandalam is connected by road to nearby towns such as Palakonda, Paralakhemundi (in Odisha), and the district headquarters Srikakulam. The nearest major railway station is Srikakulam Road (Amadalavalasa), located about 50 km away, which provides connectivity to the Howrah–Chennai main line of Indian Railways.[14] Public and private bus services also link the town to regional centers.
References
- ^ a b "District Census Handbook - Srikakulam" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 26–28, 54. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
- ^ "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "District Census Handbook – Srikakulam" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- ^ "Major Irrigation Projects in Vizianagaram and Srikakulam". Government of Andhra Pradesh (archived presentation). Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- ^ "Lift irrigation project on Gotta barrage soon". The New Indian Express. 7 December 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics.Hiramandalam
- ^ "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ "The Department of School Education - Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ "Major Irrigation Projects in Vizianagaram and Srikakulam". Government of Andhra Pradesh (archived presentation). Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- ^ "Major Irrigation Projects in Vizianagaram and Srikakulam". Government of Andhra Pradesh (archived presentation). Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- ^ "Detailed Project Report – Vamsadhara Stage II Phase II". Central Water Commission. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- ^ "Lift irrigation project on Gotta barrage soon". The New Indian Express. 7 December 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- ^ Rao, G. Sudhakara; Raju, K. Suryanarayana (2023). "Ichthyofaunal diversity of Gotta Barrage at Hiramandalam, Vamsadhara River, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India" (PDF). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 11 (2): 158–164. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
- ^ "Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers: Srikakulam" (PDF). Government of Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 1 September 2025.